Overall fit in covariance structure models
Two types of sample size effects
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 7983167 |
|---|---|
| Authors | K A Bollen (0000-0002-6710-3800, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1990 |
| Volume | 107 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 256-259 |
| Publication date | 1990-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Psychological Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0033-2909 • E-ISSN: 1939-1455 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.256 |
| OpenAlex | W2000025407 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 139 |
| References cited | 11 |
A controversial area in covariance structure models is the assessment of overall model fit. Researchers have expressed concern over the influence of sample size on measures of fit. Many contradictory claims have been made regarding which fit statistics are affected by N. Part of the confusion is due to there being two types of sample size effects that are confounded. The first is whether N directly enters the calculation of a fit measure. The second is whether the means of the sampling distributions of a fit index are associated with sample size. I explain these types of sample size effects and illustrate them with the major structural equation fit indices. In addition, I examine the current debate on sample size influences in light of this distinction. Structural equation models, including confirmatory factor analyses, are becoming increasingly popular in psychology. Key to these procedures is the hypothesis that the population covariance matrix of observed variables is a function of the unknown free parameters of a model. Many measures of overall model fit have been proposed to assess the degree to which this hypothesis holds (e.g., Rentier B Bollen, 1986;Hoelter, 1983; Joreskog & Sorbom, 1986; Tucker & Lewis, 1973)
Analysis of covariance · Covariance · Econometrics · Sample size determination · Statistics · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Mathematics · Psychology · Psychometric Methodologies and Testing · Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
Timss 2015 Seki̇zi̇nci̇ Sinif Matemati̇k Başari Testi̇ni̇n Oecd Ülkeleri̇ne Göre Ölçme Deği̇şmezli̇ği̇ni̇n İncelenmesi̇
Enhancing hospital protection measures reduces frontline medical workers’ stress during the pandemic
Stability of Maternal Socioemotional Investment in Young Children
The ACT-i-Pass study protocol
Trust, Trustworthiness, and Motivation in the Natural Resource Management Context
Postpartum Depression in Mothers and Fathers
Testing an alternative relationship between individual and contextual predictors of creative performance
The moderating role of aggressiveness in response to campaigns and interventions promoting anti‐violence attitudes
Model modifications in covariance structure analysis
Incremental Fit Index Changes for Nested Structural Equation Models
Adolescents' well-being and perceived control across 14 sociocultural contexts
Teacher expectations
Latent-variable models of posthumous reputation
Social support and undermining in close relationships
Hard times and hurtful partners
Understanding reactions to feedback by integrating ideas from symbolic interactionism and cognitive evaluation theory
Customer innovativeness in the adoption of Islamic banking in Malaysia
Testing whether correlation matrices are different from each other
Parental correlates of children's peer relations
Further Psychometric Properties of the Tourette?s Disorder Scale-Parent Rated Version (Tods-PR)
A meta-analytical structural equations analysis of a model of employee turnover.
Fit indices in covariance structure modeling
Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments.
Impact of employment-related experiences on immigrants' psychological well-being and adaptation to Canada.
Is Negative Attention Better Than No Attention? The Comparative Effects of Ostracism and Harassment at Work
Structural Equation Modeling
Testing and extending the group engagement model
Reporting structural equation modeling results in Psychology and Aging
Masking misfit in confirmatory factor analysis by increasing unique variances
Confirmatory Factor Analytic Procedures for the Determination of Measurement Invariance
The Relations of Regulation and Emotionality to Resiliency and Competent Social Functioning in Elementary School Children
People are variables too
Meta-analytic structural equation modeling
Measuring experiential avoidance
Recycling
The Problem of Measurement Model Misspecification in Behavioral and Organizational Research and Some Recommended Solutions.
Structural equation modeling for travel behavior research
Links in the chain of adversity following job loss
Green and competitive? An empirical test of the mediating role of environmental innovation strategy
Potential problems with "well fitting" models.
Structural equations modeling
A Review of Current Practices for Evaluating Causal Models in Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management Research
Testing! testing! one, two, three – Testing the theory in structural equation models!
Translation and validation of body image instruments
The influence of place attachment on the relationship between destination attractiveness and environmentally responsible behavior for island tourism in Penghu, Taiwan
Exploring Subjective Well-Being Through Household Conditions, Psychosocial Capacities
The Use of Digital Media and Security Precautions in Adulthood
Work-family conflicts of women in the Air Force
Structural equation modeling of factors influencing childhood vaccination in Saudi Arabia
How Did Work-Related Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Hamper Healthcare Employee Performance during Covid-19? The Mediating Role of Job Burnout and Mental Health
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Nepsy for Younger and Older School-Age Children
Investigation of Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism with Turkish Almost Perfect Scale—Revised
Association among parents’ stress recovery experiences, parenting practices, and children’s behavioral problems
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Revised Causal Dimension Scale
Psychometric properties of the Fact-G quality of life scale for family caregivers of cancer patients
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Computer Hassles Scale
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Computer Hassles Scale
Maternal Work–Life Balance and Children’s Social Adjustment
Coping and Resilience in the Transition to Adulthood
Physical Fitness Level and Mood State Changes in Basic Military Training
Effects of Cultural Orientation, Self-Esteem, and Collective Self-Esteem on Well-Being
Mesure de la perspective d’avenir des étudiants
Adaptation et validation d’instruments de mesure des stéréotypes de genre en mathématiques et en français
The nexus of top executives’ attributes, firm strategies, and outcomes
Work-family conflict among Turkish teachers during lockdown
Resources Management and Sme's Performance
Sustainable Supply Chain Strategy and Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Can We Differentiate a Latent Growth Curve Model from Competitors? Evidence Based on Individual Case Residuals
Understanding the impact of parental involvement subtypes on Chinese preschool children’s language ability
The Impact of Leadership on Absorptive Capacity
A literature review of model fit and model comparisons with confirmatory factor analysis
Transcending the self
Understanding Wellbeing Determinants in Guatemala through the Poverty Stoplight
Cognitive cultural intelligence and entrepreneurial alertness
Not Just Good, but Fair Service
The role of female managers in enhancing employee well-being
The influence of various aspects of enjoyment on participation in leisure time physical activity
Application of Self-Determination Theory to a Study of the Determinants of Regular Participation in Leisure-Time Physical Activity
The Development of Client Violence Questionnaire (CVQ)
The effects of neighborhood factors, maternal depression and parental emotional support on social – behavioral outcomes of children involved in the child welfare system
The Influence of Leisure Preference, Life Priority and Making Time on Regular Participation in Leisure Time Physical Activity
Interactive E-Commerce
Mediators of the Link Between Psychopathy and Sexual Coercion
The contradiction of trust and uncertainty from the viewpoint of swift guanxi
An ergonomic approach to sustainable development
Empirical analysis of shared leadership promotion and team creativity
Utility of Structural Equation Modeling in Social Work Research
From multilingualism to plurilingualism
Confirmatory Factor Analytical Study of the Revised Developmental Work Personality Scale
An R Function to Correct Fit Indices and Omnibus Tests in Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Factor Structure of the Counselor Burnout Inventory in a Sample of Professional School Counselors
Ethnicity and Anxiety
Latent-Variable Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire
Drivers of farmers’ intention to adopt technological innovations in Italy
Emerging adult confidants’ judgments of parental openness
Normative processes and adolescents' smoking behaviour in Norway
A Latent Growth Analysis of Individual Factors Predicting Test Anxiety During the Transition From Elementary to Secondary School
An empirical study on cyber ostracism and students' discontinuous usage intention of social networking sites during the Covid-19 pandemic
A Reevaluation of the Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ)
A Monte Carlo Study Investigating the Impact of Item Parceling on Measures of Fit in Confirmatory Factor Analysis
The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness-of-Fit Indices for Maximum Likelihood Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Asymptotically distribution‐free methods for the analysis of covariance structures
Sample Size and Bentler and Bonett's Nonnormed Fit Index
A Reliability Coefficient for Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
The Analysis of Covariance Structures
A New Incremental Fit Index for General Structural Equation Models
Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures
Comparative fit indexes in structural models
Some Properties of Hoelter's CN
| Unique citing works | 139 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,97 |
| Citation span | 1991 - 2026 (36) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 119 |