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When God Was a Bird

Christianity, Animism, and the Re-Enchantment of the World

Bibliographic Data

ID8081334
AuthorsMark I Wallace (0000-0003-0662-7878, corresponding author)
Year2018
Pages240
Publication date2018-11-20
Open AccessYes
TypeBOOK
VenueWhen God Was a Bird (SOURCE_BOOK)
PublisherFordham University Press (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.5422/fordham/9780823281329.001.0001
OpenAlexW4244285418
Open LibraryOL28891976M
ISBN9780823281329
LanguageEN
Citations received9

At one time, God was a bird. In ancient Egypt, Thoth was the Ibis-headed divinity of magic and wisdom. Winged divine beings—griffins and harpies—populated the pantheon of Greek antiquity, and Quetzalcoatl was the plumed serpent deity of the pre-Columbian Aztecs. It is said that in spite of—or better, to spite—this time-honored wealth of divine avifauna, Christianity divorced God from the avian world in order to defend a pure form of monotheism. This narrative, however, misses the startling scriptural portrayals of God as the beaked and feathered Holy Spirit, the third member of the Trinity who, alongside the Father and Son, is the “animal God” of historic Christian witness. Appearing as a winged creature at the time of Jesus’ baptism (Luke 3:21-22), the bird-God of the New Testament signals the deep grounding of archi-original biblical faith in the natural world. This book calls this new but ancient vision of the world “Christian animism” in order to signal the continuity of biblical religion with the beliefs of indigenous and non-Western communities that Spirit enfleshes itself within everything that grows, walks, flies, and swims in and over the Earth. To this end, it weaves together philosophy (Heidegger, Girard), theology (Augustine, Hildegard, Muir), and the author’s own birdwatching visitations (wood thrush, pileated woodpecker, great blue heron, American dipper, domestic pigeon) to argue that all things are alive with sacred personhood and worthy of human beings’ love and protection in a time of ecocidal, even deicidal, climate change

Art · Baptism · Christianity · Divinity · Eschatology · Faith · Theology · Veneration · Religion, Ecology, and Ethics · Violence, Religion, and Philosophy · Animism · Birds · God · God (Christianity) · Holy spirit · Human Ecology · Human ecology, religious aspects · Religious aspects · History · Philosophy · Religious Studies

  • How Would We Know What God is Up To?

    Open Access•Heather Eaton, Guillermo Kerber et al.•How Would We Know What God is Up…•2022

  • The Wounding of the Earth

    Open Access•Ryan Lamothe•Religions•2025

  • The Climate Crisis and the Entanglement of Psychoanalysis and Spirituality

    Open Access•Ryan Lamothe•Religions•2026

  • "Integral Ecology as Theology and Ethics of "Place

    Open Access•Emmanuel Omokugbo Ojeifo•Religions•2025

  • The Word Made Flesh and the Spirit's Breath

    Open Access•Daniela Rizzo•Religions•2024

  • "Ritual and Magic" in Buddhist Visual Culture from the Bird Totem

    Open Access•Zhilong Yan, Aixin Zhang•Religions•2022

  • Praying with Animals, Plants, Soil, Land, and Water

    Open Access•Mark S Medley•Religions•2025

  • Feminist Theology, Plant Names, and Power

    Open Access•Shannon Craigo-Snell, Shannon Craigo‐Snell•Religions•2019

  • Spiritual Ecology

    Open Access•Sam Mickey•Religions•2020

Unique citing works9
Citations per year1,29
Citation span2019 - 2026 (8)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 9

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