Racing to Theory or Retheorizing Race? Understanding the Struggle to Build a Multiracial Identity Theory
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8092823 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Kerry Ann Rockquemore (University of Illinois Chicago, corresponding author), David L Brunsma (0000-0003-4626-7213, University of Missouri), Daniel J Delgado (0000-0003-2771-6124, University of Missouri) |
| Year | 2009 |
| Volume | 65 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 13-34 |
| Publication date | 2009-01-21 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Social Issues (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-4537 • E-ISSN: 1540-4560 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.01585.x |
| OpenAlex | W2147878130 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 177 |
| References cited | 52 |
Empirical research on the growing multiracial population in the United States has focused largely on the documentation of racial identification, analysis of psychological adjustment, and understanding the broader political consequences of mixed‐race identification. Efforts toward theory construction on multiracial identity development, however, have been largely disconnected from empirical data, mired in disciplinary debates, and bound by historically specific assumptions about race and racial group membership. This study provides a critical overview of multiracial identity development theories, examines the links between theory and research, explores the challenges to multiracial identity theory construction, and proposes considerations for future directions in theorizing racial identity development among the mixed‐race population
Criminology · Critical race theory · Discipline · Identification (biology · Identity (music · Political science · Politics · Population · Race (biology · Social science · Sociology · Critical Race Theory in Education · Demography · Gender Studies · Law · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology
“Just getting out of bed is a revolutionary act”
“Mixed” Results
Multiple Identities in Social Perception and Interaction
Collaborative Autoethnography as a Pathway for Transformative Learning
Identity Denied
Mixed-Race Women and Epistemologies of Belonging
“Stuff that only mixed‐race people would understand”
Psychosocial outcomes and peer influences among multiracial adolescents in the United States
Choreographing Multiraciality
Visualizing multiracial identity development
Alcohol Use Among Asian American Sexual and Gender Diverse Youth Enrolled in 9 th , 10 th , 11 th , and 12 th Grades in California
Teaching Note—Challenging Monocentricity in Social Work Education
The Maintenance of the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Through Judgments of Multiracial People Based on Proximity to Whiteness
Meeting in the Middle
Caught in the Middle
Thinking Outside the Box
Race scholarship “with, by, and for” children
Inequality
Two or More
Inequality
Ethnicity and the therapeutic relationship
Like a Chameleon
Familial racial-ethnic socialization of Multiracial American Youth
Enhancing linguistic research through critical use of race and ethnicity information
Defying the exclusionary homogeneity of Irish whiteness
Identity, dislocation and belonging
When There Is Not Enough to Go Around
Biracial Identity in Adult Military Children
From Black-ish to Blackness
Examining the Role of Sibling Interaction in Multiethnic-racial Identity Development in the United States
Family Racial/Ethnic Socialization Through the Lens of Multiracial Black Identity
Do Ethnic-Racial Identity Dimensions Moderate the Relations of Outgroup Discrimination and Ingroup Marginalization to Self-esteem in Black and Latinx Undergraduates
The Newest Jews? Understanding Jewish American and Asian American Marriages
‘White Child Gone Bankrupt’—The Intersection of Race and Poverty in Youth Fathered by UN Peacekeepers
Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-Based Challenges, and Discrimination
Social and Structural Influences on Multiracial Identification and Health
Abolishing Whiteness
Mixed Race Bodies and Biomedicine
Plus ça Change…? Multiraciality and the Dynamics of Race Relations in the United States
Stop (e)Racing the Multiracial Experience From Social Work Research
Toward Conceptualizing Race and Racial Identity Development Within an Attractor Landscape
Three Decades of Multiracial Identity Research
Who Sees Race as a Choice
Multiracial and Biracial Individuals
Racial differences in adoption expectations
Role of the Black Grandmother in the Racial Socialization of their Biracial Grandchildren
Geopolitical Roots and Branches
Detecting biracial identity strength
More Than a “Number”
Mental Health Help-Seeking Experience and Attitudes in Asian American, Multiracial American, and White American Emerging Adults
Toward A U.S. AsianLatinx Intervention in Critical Mixed Race Studies and Interethnic Relations
They’re Only a Quarter”
DNA Ancestry Testing and Racial Discourse in Higher Education
The Influence of Familial Relationships
Fitting in whilst standing out”
A Critical Scoping Review of Mental Health and Wellbeing Research with Multiracial Subsamples 2012–2022
Chronic Disease and Aging-Related Risk Factors in Multiracial Subgroups
How Cross-Discipline Understanding and Communication Can Improve Research on Multiracial Populations
Raising Multiracial Children
Racial Identity Contestation
Embodying resistance
I wish color had no history’
Are We Coming of Age? A Critique of Collins's Proposed Model of Biracial–Bisexual Identity Development
A Qualitative Examination of Bisexual+ Identity Invalidation and Its Consequences for Wellbeing, Identity, and Relationships
B lack‐ W hite Biracial Children's Social Development from Kindergarten to Fifth Grade
Black people’s racial identity and their acceptance of Black-White Multiracial people
Mixed nation!” introducing a conceptual framework for the (im)possibilities of racialized belonging among Black mixed-race youth
Pre-college and college predictors of longitudinal changes in multiracial college students’ self-reported race
Multiracial matters – disrupting and reinforcing the racial rubric in educational discourse
Multiracials’ membership and identification practices on campus
Multiracial emerging adults’ experiences with mental health care
Black, White, Black and White
Perceived discrimination, group identification, and life satisfaction among multiracial people
Identity negotiation processes among Black and Latinx sexual minority young adult mental health service users
Examining racial identity invalidation and well‐being among Biracial adolescents using the identity capital model
Predictors of Biracial adolescent racial self‐categorization when confronted with monoracist demographic forms
Coping with the crickets
Fly on the wall” moments reveal whiteness-at-work for contested white graduate students
A tale of two “halfs”
The Recursive Outcomes of the Multiracial Movement and the End of American Racial Categories
Conceptualizing and Measuring Biracial/Multiracial/Multiethnic Status
Identification of Multiracial Adolescents in Research Samples
Multiracial Faculty Members’ Experiences with Multiracial Microaggressions
Making Minorities or Honorary Whites? Examining Multiracial Self-Concept
White Fathers and Their Black–White Biracial Sons
Mothering across colour lines
Soul food or Indian food, depending on what spices you chose”
That’s Not Something We Have to Discuss
Residential Racial Diversity
The Construction of National Identity and its Challenges in Post‐Yugoslav Censuses
Ambiguously (E)raced
To Disclose or Not to Disclose Biracial Identity
Multiracial Faces
Policing the Borderlands
Contesting Racial Categories
Continuous dynamics in the real-time perception of race
Resistance in Supervision
Autonomy in Multiracial Identification
Signs of transcendence? A changing landscape of multiraciality in the 21st century
Multiracial Americans
Who is black?
Mixed Race Students in College
Racial identity in biracial children
The Biracial Identity Development Model
An empirical test of the identity capital model
Racially mixed people in America
Brown-Skinned White Girls
Crossing racial lines
Identity Formation across Cultures
Navigating Interracial Borders
Who Is White
Raising Biracial Children
The Multiracial Experience
Children of the Great Depression
Identity
Parents' ethnic-racial socialization practices
Resolving "Other" Status
Spurious Issues
Tripping on the Color Line
My Choice, Your Categories
To Disclose or Not to Disclose Biracial Identity
We are all Americans
Beyond Black
Racialization, Recognition, and Rights
Forced to Choose
Racial Self-Categorization in Adolescence
Between black and white Exploring the “Biracial” Experience
Multiple Realities
Experiences and processes affecting racial identity development
Health and Behavior Risks of Adolescents with Mixed-Race Identity
Racism and Mental Health
White Americans, the New Minority
The Life Course as Developmental Theory
Who is Multiracial? Assessing the Complexity of Lived Race
Interracial Families and the Racial Identification of Mixed- Race Children
The Racial Identification of Biracial Children with One Asian Parent
On Being Amorphous
America's Changing Color Lines
"What About the Children?" The Psychological and Social Well-Being of Multiracial Adolescents
Socially Embedded Identities
Under and Beyond Constraints
Human Migration and the Marginal Man
Pondering Poi Dog
Whiteness as Stigma
Friendship choices of multiracial adolescents
Public categories, private identities
| Unique citing works | 177 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 10,41 |
| Citation span | 2009 - 2026 (18) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 177 |