Deadly Force by U.S. Customs and Border Protection
An Analysis of Fatal Encounters with Latinos
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8249367 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Cristal N Hernandez (0000-0002-6931-8741, Sam Houston State University), Miltonette Olivia Craig (0000-0002-2352-4574, Sam Houston State University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2025 |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 141-156 |
| Publication date | 2025-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Sociology of Race and Ethnicity (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 2332-6492 • E-ISSN: 2332-6506 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/23326492241288506 |
| OpenAlex | W4403754769 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 1 |
| References cited | 55 |
Federal agencies are largely underrepresented when examining the dynamics of officer-involved killings. Amid discussions of police and immigration reform is the underexplored role of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Given the increased focus on reports of deaths at the U.S.–Mexico border, CBP agents’ use of deadly force warrants further scholarly attention. To address this gap in the literature, we rely on data from the Southern Border Communities Coalition and CBP to examine Latino individuals’ fatal encounters involving agents (2010–2023). We qualitatively analyze the characteristics of, and actions within, such encounters. Major findings and implications for theory and policy are discussed
Business · Computer security · Criminology · Geography · International trade · Political science · Sociology · Computer Science · Migration, Health and Trauma · Migration, Refugees, and Integration · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
The Content Analysis Guidebook
Militarization fails to enhance police safety or reduce crime but may harm police reputation
The Geography of Border Militarization
Police Officer Characteristics and the Likelihood of Using Deadly Force
Police use of deadly force
Lethal Force Usage by Law Enforcement Officers Against Hispanics, 2011–2020
Exploring Officer-Involved Shootings With Interaction Effects
Police officer involved shootings – retrospective study of situational characteristics
When Police Kill
Border games
The Gang Paradox
Racism, Sexism, and Social Class
Enemy Territory”
Migrants, Caravans, and the Impact of News Photos on Immigration Attitudes
The racialized patterns of police violence
Subordinating Myth
Migra
Deadly Consequences
Data Analysis Methods for Qualitative Research
Attributing Responsibility When Police Officers are Killed in the Line of Duty
Perceptions of abusive police practices in a U.S.-Mexico border community
Policing Borders, Producing Boundaries. The Governmentality of Immigration in Dark Times
Reasonable” Force at the U.S.-Mexico Border
Why Interdiction? Immigration Control at the United States‐Mexico Border
Minority Threat and Police Brutality
The Rebirth of the U.S.-Mexico Border
Lethal Force in Black and White
The Racialized Dimensions of Contemporary Immigration and Border Enforcement Policies and Practices
Militarizing the Border
Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US-Mexico border
Death at the Border
Ethno-Racial Profiling and State Violence in a Southwest Barrio
The Impact of the 100-mile Border Enforcement Zone on Mexican Americans in Arizona
American Tales of Heroes and Villains
Collateral Subjects
"Racializing "Illegality
From the Border to the Core
Respect for outsiders? respect for the law? the moral evaluation of high scale issues by US immigration officers
Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops
Deadly Force and Deadly Outcome
No Justice, No Peace
| Unique citing works | 1 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2026 - 2026 (1) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 1 |