Telemetered electromyography of flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis in Pan troglodytes and implications for interpretation of the O. H. 7 hand
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8314848 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Randall L Susman (Stony Brook University), Jack T Stern (Stony Brook University), Jack T Stern Jr |
| Year | 1979 |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 565-574 |
| Publication date | 1979-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Physical Anthropology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0002-9483 • E-ISSN: 1096-8644 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1002/ajpa.1330500408 |
| PMID | 464032 |
| OpenAlex | W2020284417 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 55 |
| References cited | 12 |
The importance of knuckle‐walking in the locomotor repertoire of African apes raises the possibility that the long digital flexors may be specially adapted more to meet the demands of ground quadrupedalism than those of suspension. To investigate this possibility, the activities of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus were studied by means of telemetered electromyography in three chimpanzees. Results clearly indicate that the fasciculi of these muscles to digits bearing weight in knuckle‐walking are not called upon to contract in quadrupedal postures or in slow and moderately fast quadrupedal locomotion except to help clear the fingers from the ground as the forelimb begins its recovery stroke. At the most rapid speeds, a slight to moderate level of activity sometimes occurs in the latter half of stance phase. The long digital flexors display maximum and sustained activity during suspension. It is concluded that any role for these muscles in maintenance of stability at the metacarpophalangeal joints during knuckle‐walking must be predominantly passive. Prominent markings for insertions of these muscles in a fossil hand (such as O.H. 7) suggest use of the forelimb in suspensory climbing behaviors
Biology · Climbing · Electromyography · Extensor Digitorum Communis · Flexor muscles · Forelimb · Physical medicine and rehabilitation · Quadrupedalism · Amphibian and Reptile Biology · Anatomy · Evolution and Paleontology Studies · Medicine · Primate Behavior and Ecology
The Common Ancestor
The Pattern of Human Evolution
Who Made the Oldowan Tools? Fossil Evidence for Tool Behavior in Plio-Pleistocene Hominids
Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor
EMG of scapulohumeral muscles in the chimpanzee during reaching and “arboreal” locomotion
Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor
Hand of Paranthropus robustus from Member 1, Swartkrans
Functional Morphology of Homo habilis
EMG study of hand muscle recruitment during hard hammer percussion manufacture of Oldowan tools
The significance of the heel process in anthropoids
Telemetered electromyography of peroneus longus in Varecia variegata and Eulemur rubriventer
Estimating humeral torsion on incomplete fossil anthropoid humeri
Terrestrial adaptations in the hands of Equatorius africanus revisited
Pattern profile analysis of hominid and chimpanzee hand bones
Quantitative Analysis of the Carpal Tunnel and Its Inner Structures in Primates
Origin of human bipedalism
Fossil primate hands
Preliminary electromyographical analysis of brachiation in gibbon and spider monkey
Unexpected terrestrial hand posture diversity in wild mountain gorillas
Relative limb strength and locomotion in Homo habilis
Hip extensor EMG and forelimb/hind limb weight support asymmetry in primate quadrupeds
Knuckle‐walking anteater
Subscapularis function in gibbons and chimpanzees
Origin of bipedalism
Functional analysis of the biceps femoris muscle during locomotor behavior in some primates
Functional morphology in the pages of the Ajpa
Electromyography of the gluteal muscles in Hylobates, Pongo , and pan
Telemetered electromyography of the supinators and pronators of the forearm in gibbons and chimpanzees
Further evidence for the role of supraspinatus in quadrupedal monkeys
Olduvai hominid 7 trapezial metacarpal 1 articular morphology
Shape variation of the human pollical distal phalanx and metacarpal
Nonhuman Primate Locomotion
New hominid fossils from the Swartkrans formation (1979–1986 excavations)
Brief communication
The capitate of Australopithecus afarensis and A. africanus
The locomotor anatomy of Australopithecus afarensis
Functional and morphological affinities of the subadult hand (O.H. 7) from Olduvai Gorge
Metatarsophalangeal joint function and positional behavior in Australopithecus afarensis
Positional behavior of Pan troglodytes in the Mahale Mountains and Gombe Stream National Parks, Tanzania
Mechanical implications of chimpanzee positional behavior
Role of supraspinatus in the quadrupedal locomotion of vervets ( Cercopithecus aethiops )
Middle phalanx skeletal morphology in the hand
The interplay between speed, kinetics, and hand postures during primate terrestrial locomotion
Insertion sites in manual proximal phalanges of African apes and modern humans
The first bipeds
Aspects of early hominid emergence
Hand function and tool behavior in early hominids
Chimpanzee hind limb muscle electromyographic activity patterns during locomotion
Humanlike manual activities in Australopithecus
Great ape thorax and shoulder configuration-An adaptation for arboreality or knuckle-walking
A cadaveric study of wrist-joint moments in chimpanzees and orangutans with implications for the evolution of knuckle-walking
Hallucal grasping in Nycticebus coucang
Rotator cuff muscle function and its relation to scapular morphology in apes
Relative fibular strength and locomotor behavior in KNM-WT 15000 and OH 35
Scavenging or Hunting in Early Hominids
Quantitative and functional studies on the hands of the anthropoidea. I. The Hominoidea
Fossil Hand Bones from Olduvai Gorge
Electromyography of knuckle‐walking
Fore‐ and hindlimb proportions in Plio‐Pleistocene hominids
The hominoid wrist joint
Comparative and functional morphology of hominoid fingers
Knuckle‐walking and the evolution of hominoid hands
Functional and morphological affinities of the subadult hand (O.H. 7) from Olduvai Gorge
The posture of the great ape hand in locomotion, and its phylogenetic implications
Darwin's Apes, Dental Apes, and the Descent of Man
| Unique citing works | 55 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,17 |
| Citation span | 1979 - 2025 (47) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 53 |