Taking tolerance seriously
A proposal from a self-categorization perspective on disapproval and respect
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 8724796 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Bernd Simon (0000-0002-6521-9033, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Volume | 78 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 729-742 |
| Publication date | 2023-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Psychologist (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0003-066X • E-ISSN: 1935-990X |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037/amp0001166 |
| PMID | 37676152 |
| OpenAlex | W4386496992 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 9 |
A dual-level disapproval-respect model of tolerance is proposed, and its social psychological foundations are explicated from a self-categorization perspective. The model specifies tolerance as the combination of disapproval of others' beliefs, practices, or ways of life, which results from self-categorization at the level of in-group-out-group differentiation (Level 1), and respect, which is grounded in shared group membership at a higher level of self-categorization and the resulting superordinate identity (Level 2) and operates as a restraining force. In short, tolerance is disapproval restrained by respect, or, put differently, respect burdened with disapproval. Drawing on pertinent empirical evidence, it is argued that such tolerance is realistic and practicable in that people are willing to practice it and, when they are the recipients, likely to appreciate it. The model throws new light on the roles of affect and cognition in tolerance, on the interrelation of tolerance, authenticity, and dignity, as well as the interrelation of tolerance, justice, and struggles for social change, and on the limits of tolerance. The examination of these issues from the perspective of the disapproval-respect model makes the social psychological, moral, and political dimensions of tolerance explicit and clarifies their interrelations. Finally, directions for future basic as well as applied research on tolerance as specified in the model are suggested, and broader sociocultural implications of taking such tolerance seriously are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Categorization · Dignity · Epistemology · Identity (music · MEDLINE · Perspective (graphical · Political science · PsycINFO · Superordinate goals · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Social Psychology
Causal Evidence for the Role of Respect Norms in Promoting Tolerance
From internalized equality to tolerance towards others
Intergroup Threat and Tolerance Towards Venezuelan Immigrants in Chile / Tolerancia y amenaza intergrupal hacia inmigrantes venezolanos en Chile
A virtuous cycle
A Pilot Study of Metacognitive Training in U.S. Republican Leaners
From value protection to value recognition
Mind the Gap! Linking Equality‐Based Respect Norms with General and Specific Tolerance
Testing the Robustness of the Association Between Personal Respect Norms and Tolerance in Polarized Contexts
Immigrant Young Adults of Color’s Racial Dialogues in Family
| Unique citing works | 9 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,5 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2026 (3) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 8 |