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Calling and Vocation at Work

Definitions and Prospects for Research and Practice

Bibliographic Data

ID8913357
AuthorsBryan J Dik (Colorado State University, corresponding author), Ryan D Duffy (0000-0001-7418-3274, University of Maryland)
Year2007
Volume37
Issue3
Pages424-450
Publication date2007-10-04
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Counseling Psychologist (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0011-0000 • E-ISSN: 1552-3861
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0011000008316430
OpenAlexW2135738394
LanguageEN
Citations received165
References cited69

The purpose of this article is to initiate an effort to establish the constructs calling and vocation within counseling psychology. First, updated definitions of calling and vocation, developed with an eye toward stimulating research and providing useful practice applications, are proposed. Next, the authors explain how the constructs apply to the domain of human work, review empirical and theoretical work related to calling and vocation and their role in human functioning, and differentiate the terms from each other and related constructs. Finally, directions for basic and applied research on calling and vocation are suggested, and implications for career counseling practice are outlined

Career Counseling · Career development · Counseling psychology · Domain (mathematical analysis · Empirical research · Engineering ethics · Epistemology · Industrial and organizational psychology · Work (physics · Applied Psychology · Ego Development and Educational Practices · Psychology · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology · Workplace Spirituality and Leadership

  • Negotiating an Unretiring Calling

    Open Access•Jieun Yoo•Review of Religious Research•2026

  • Emerging Perspectives

    Bryan J Dik, Michael F Steger et al.•Career Development and Counseling•2020

  • Callings and work engagement

    Andreas Hirschi•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2012

  • Research on calling

    Ryan D Duffy, Bryan J Dik•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2013

  • Development and Validation of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire (CVQ) and Brief Calling Scale (BCS)

    Open Access•Bryan J Dik, Brandy M Eldridge et al.•Journal of Career Assessment•2012

  • Fostering meaningful work in organizations

    Open Access•Evgenia I Lysova, Blake A Allan et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2019

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    Open Access•Douglas A Lepisto, Michael G Pratt•Organizational Psychology Review•2017

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    Open Access•A R Elangovan, Craig C Pinder et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2010

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    Open Access•Maria Tims, Daantje Derks et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2016

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    Open Access•Ryan D Duffy, Bryan J Dik et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2011

  • Measuring Meaningful Work

    Open Access•Michael F Steger, Bryan J Dik et al.•Journal of Career Assessment•2012

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    Open Access•Shoshana R Dobrow, Jennifer Tosti-Kharas et al.•Personnel Psychology•2011

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    Open Access•Ronit Yitshaki, Alisa Jno-Charles et al.•Journal of Social Entrepreneurship•2026

  • When Bottom-Line Mentality Meets Red Tape

    Chen Qian, Guangyi Xu et al.•Public Performance & Management…•2026

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    Open Access•Shiyu Zhang, Xianhan Huang et al.•International Journal of…•2026

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    Open Access•Shengnan Li, Qianqian Pan•Journal of Career Assessment•2026

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    Open Access•Dylan R Marsh, Missy Ferland et al.•Journal of Career Assessment•2026

  • Career Wisdom in Fostering Job Performance

    Open Access•Hui Xu•Journal of Career Assessment•2026

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    Open Access•Andrew Joseph Pereira•Journal of Education for Teaching…•2026

  • Panggilan (Calling) dan Kesejahteraan di Tempat Kerja pada Karyawan Kehutanan

    Open Access•Kresna Reihan Firmansyah, Missiliana Riasnugrahani•Psikologika Jurnal Pemikiran dan…•2022

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    Asmaa Elsayed Belal, Hitoshi Mitsuhashi•International Journal of…•2026

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    Open Access•Ioana David, Dragos Iliescu•Current Psychology•2022

  • Development and validation of the Spanish Version of the Calling and Vocation Questionnaire– Short Form (Sp-CVQ-6) and the Spanish Living a Calling Scale (Sp-LCS)

    Open Access•Lucas Pujol-Cols•Current Psychology•2024

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    Open Access•Jie Zhou•Current Psychology•2024

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    Open Access•Jia-Yi Cai, Xinqiang Wang et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • The benefits and costs of living out one’s calling

    Open Access•Lijun He, L N He et al.•Current Psychology•2025

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    Open Access•Jeongjin Kim, Seth A Kaplan et al.•Current Psychology•2025

  • Investigation of cascading effects of perceiving a calling on occupational burnout

    Open Access•Hira Salah ud din Khan, Zhiqiang Ma et al.•Current Psychology•2023

  • Can the interplay of calling diminish the negative effects of the fear of terrorism? Recent evidence from Pakistan

    Mansoor Ahmad, Muhammad Zahid Iqbal et al.•International Journal of Conflict…•2025

  • Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Creativity

    W Duan, Xiaoqing Tang et al.•Creativity Research Journal•2020

  • Nonreligious Employees’ Perceptions of Microaggressions and Their Relationship With Job Satisfaction as Moderated by Calling

    Open Access•Jessica N Schultz, Melanie E Leuty et al.•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Managing One’s Career

    Open Access•Jie Li, Xue Han et al.•Journal of Career Development•2021

  • Ignatian Spirituality and Career Development

    Open Access•Scott C Campanario, Lynette H Bikos et al.•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Transcendent or Fraudulent

    Open Access•Alexa Jayne, Rosalyn Stoa et al.•Journal of Career Development•2026

  • A Cultural Orientation Approach to Work Orientation

    Open Access•Jiyoung Park, Yeeun Choi et al.•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Passion for Work and Well-Being of Working Adults

    Open Access•Mariya A Yukhymenko–Lescroart, Gitima Sharma•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Profiles of Calling and Their Relation to University-to-Work Transition Outcomes

    Open Access•Chunyu Zhang, Andreas Hirschi et al.•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • The Role of Life Planning in Finding Purpose and Living Out One’s Career Calling Among Indonesian Emerging Adults

    Open Access•Livia Yuliawati, Elia Ardyan•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Antecedents and Outcomes of Callings for University Students

    Open Access•ELLEN A ENSHER, Kyle Ehrhardt•Journal of Career Development•2022

  • Changes in Nurses’ Sense of Calling During the Covid-19 Pandemic

    Open Access•Hasan Hüseyin UZUNBACAK, Seher Yastıoğlu et al.•Journal of Career Development•2023

  • Career construction counselling intervention to promote the sense of calling of a disadvantaged black woman

    Open Access•Jacobus G Maree•British Journal of Guidance and…•2025

  • A qualitative examination of calling in the context of job mobility among clergy

    Open Access•Christine Blackie, John Arnold•British Journal of Guidance and…•2025

  • Metaphor analysis in vocational counselling

    Allison Creed, Susan Nacey•British Journal of Guidance and…•2021

  • Study as calling

    Chan Jeong Park, Stephanie Zackery et al.•British Journal of Guidance and…•2025

  • Decent work and burnout

    Liliana Faria, Sofia Porto•British Journal of Guidance and…•2026

  • Calling’s dimensions and career development among undergraduate students

    Dylan R Marsh, Bryan J Dik•British Journal of Guidance and…•2025

  • Career calling, role balance and life satisfaction among female counsellors in Malaysia

    Siok Ping Voon, Gaik Kin Teoh et al.•British Journal of Guidance and…•2026

  • In a no‐win situation

    Open Access•Franziska J Kößler, Jenny S Wesche et al.•Applied Psychology•2023

  • Religion and Public Administration

    David J Houston, Patricia K Freeman et al.•International Journal of Public…•2022

  • Saving the World? How CSR Practitioners Live Their Calling by Constructing Different Types of Purpose in Three Occupational Stages

    Open Access•Enrico Fontana, Sanne Frandsen et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2023

  • A Framework for Leader, Spiritual, and Moral Development

    Open Access•Stuart Allen, Louis W Fry•Journal of Business Ethics•2023

  • Are Callings Always Ethically Good? Why and When Occupational Calling Inhibits Unethical Decision-Making Among Researchers

    Open Access•Baoguo Xie, Xinrou Zhang et al.•Journal of Business Ethics•2024

  • Moving the Debate Forward

    Open Access•Kwok Kuen Tsang, Ying Zhang et al.•European Journal of Education•2025

  • Teachers' Sense of Calling, Organizational Commitment, and Physical and Mental Health Issues

    Open Access•Fu-Yuan Hong, C K John Wang et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2025

  • Kindergarten Teachers' Work–Family/Family–Work Conflict and Turnover Intention

    Open Access•Ji Yeoun Kim, Won‐moo Hur et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2025

  • An exploration of psychological contract violation and calling experienced by religious ministers

    Open Access•F D Orton, Bennie Linde et al.•Koers - Bulletin for Christian…•2020

  • An exploration of psychological contract violation and calling experienced by religious ministers

    Open Access•Du Toit Orton, Bennie Linde et al.•Koers - Bulletin for Christian…•2020

  • Responsible school leadership and teachers' emotional exhaustion

    Open Access•Mahmut Polatcan, Mehmet Şükrü Bellibaş et al.•British Journal of Educational…•2026

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    Open Access•Marne L Arthaud-Day, Marne L Arthaud‐day et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2025

  • Here, there, & everywhere

    Open Access•Jon P Briscoe, Robert Kaše et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2021

  • Your employees are calling

    Open Access•Brittany C Buis, Brittany Buis et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2024

  • You stay home, but we can't

    Open Access•DHEERAJ SHARMA, Koustab Ghosh et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•2022

  • Calling and the Good Life

    Open Access•Shoshana R Dobrow, Hannah Weisman et al.•Administrative Science Quarterly•2023

  • Spirituality and religion in the workplace

    Margaret Benefiel, Louis W Fry et al.•Psychology of Religion and…•2014

  • Meaningful work and unethical work

    Open Access•Andrew West•Business Ethics, the Environment…•2023

  • ‘That's just how medicine is'

    Open Access•Niamh Humphries, Jennifer Creese et al.•SSM - Qualitative Research in…•2024

  • Performing the (religious) educator’s vocation. Becoming the ‘good’ early childhood practitioner in Chile

    Ximena Poblete-Nuñez•Gender and Education•2020

  • Spirituality, Religion, and Work Values

    Open Access•Ryan D Duffy•Journal of Psychology and Theology•2010

  • “There for The Right Reasons”

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  • Spiritual Health in a Secular Age

    Open Access•Paul E King•Religions•2025

  • Profesjon og ledelse i Den norske kirke

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    Open Access•Alejandro Argüelles Bullón, Nancy Clark et al.•International Journal of…•2026

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    Open Access•Maheen Haider, Wajid Khan et al.•Journal of Transcultural Nursing•2018

  • Armonías perversas entre precariedad, segregación y discriminación. Trabajadoras técnicas de espectáculos en vivo como estudio de caso

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  • Why are researchers willing to share valuable knowledge resources? The critical role of occupational calling

    Open Access•Shaoqin Han, Zhuoxuan Li et al.•Humanities and Social Sciences…•2026

  • Research on Work as a Calling…and How to Make It Matter

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  • Identifying motivation profiles among individuals choosing a teaching career

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  • My Family Stands Behind Me

    Open Access•Humaira Erum, Ghulam Abid et al.•European Journal of Investigation…•2021

  • How Does Perceived Calling Influence Sustained Volunteering Intention? The Role of Volunteering Norm and Covid-19 Pandemic Strength

    Open Access•Jie Zhou, Siqi Yue et al.•SAGE Open•2024

  • Exploring the Effects of Empowering Leadership on Teachers’ Career Calling in China

    Open Access•Guangqiang Wang, Kwok Kuen Tsang et al.•Chinese Education & Society•2025

  • Three Types of Preschool Teachers’ Identity and Occupational Well-Being in Mainland China

    Open Access•Li-Min Zhang, Limin Zhang et al.•Chinese Education & Society•2025

  • Newcomer calling shift

    Open Access•Ran Xu, Xing Zhou et al.•Applied Psychology•2025

  • Making a Permanent Deacon

    Open Access•Mátyás Bódi, Peter Mcgrail•Transformation An International…•2024

  • Emerging Between Two Worlds

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  • Linking proactive motivation to search for and presence of calling among kindergarten teachers

    Open Access•Wenjing Zeng, Runkai Jiao et al.•BMC Psychology•2026

  • How do career success criteria shape occupational calling

    Open Access•Mian Xia, Zhe Zhou et al.•BMC Psychology•2025

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Unique citing works165
Citations per year9,71
Citation span2009 - 2026 (18)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 164
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