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Bastardy, Race, and Law in the Eighteenth-Century French Atlantic

The Evidence of Litigation

Bibliographic Data

ID8940175
AuthorsMatthew Gerber (corresponding author)
Year2013
Volume36
Issue4
Pages571-600
Publication date2013-10-01
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrench Historical Studies (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0016-1071 • E-ISSN: 1527-5493
PublisherDuke University Press (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1215/00161071-2294883
OpenAlexW2323290010
LanguageEN
Citations received3

This article examines two transatlantic lawsuits, Jamet v. Guerre (1772) and Raymond v. Casse (1779), both of which put concepts of illegitimacy and race simultaneously into question. Contextualizing the lawsuits within the distinctive but highly pluralistic legal cultures of the colonies and the métropole, the article argues that these cases of litigation reveal some of the processes by which new conceptions of illegitimacy and race were initially formulated in Saint-Domingue and only hesitantly imported into France. Though illegitimacy was traditionally defined in France as birth outside legitimate marriage, in the colonies it was increasingly associated with racial mixture, regardless of the parents’ marital status. Although eighteenth-century metropolitan magistrates initially rejected racial distinctions as foreign to French law, they eventually accepted them, paving the way for some of the bitter debates over race that took place during the French Revolution. Cet article examine deux litiges transatlantiques, Jamet v. Guerre (1772) and Raymond v. Casse (1779), qui agitaient à la fois les débats autour de l’illégitimité et de la race. Analysant ces litiges dans le contexte des systèmes pluralistiques de droit métropolitain et colonial, l’article avance que les deux cas sont révélateurs du processus par lequel les nouvelles idées sur l’illégitimité et la race ont été nées à Saint-Domingue et seulement plus tard, après résistance, assimilées dans la culture métropolitaine. La bâtardise fut traditionnellement définie comme la naissance hors de mariage légitime, mais dans les colonies, on l’assimilait progressivement au métissage racial, peu importe l’état civil des parents. Quoique les magistrats métropolitains aient d’abord rejeté les distinctions raciales comme étrangères au « droit français », ils les ont enfin acceptées, ainsi contribuant aux débats amers autour de la race pendant la Révolution française

Art · Colonialism · Ethnology · Humanities · Political science · Race (biology · Sociology · Colonialism, slavery, and trade · European Political History Analysis · Gender Studies · Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis · History · Law

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Citations per year0.27
Citation span2015 - 2024 (10)
Highly citedNo

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