Gender and Imprisonment Decisions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9680124 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Darrell Steffensmeier (0000-0001-5642-0846, Pennsylvania State University, corresponding author), John H Kramer (0000-0002-2917-8297, Pennsylvania State University), John Kramer, Cathy Streifel (Purdue University West Lafayette) |
| Year | 1993 |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 411-446 |
| Publication date | 1993-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Criminology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0011-1384 • E-ISSN: 1745-9125 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01136.x |
| OpenAlex | W2063579219 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 231 |
| References cited | 35 |
Guidelines sentencing data from Pennsylvania for the years 1985–1987 are analyzed to assess the influence of gender on judges' imprisonment decisions. These data provide detailed information on offense severity and prior record, permit statistical controls for other variables thought to affect imprisonment decisions, cover a fairly comprehensive list of common‐law offenses (with adequate sample size), and contain judges' dispositional‐departure reasons for sentences outside the guidelines schema. The data—analyzed with additive and interactive models–indicate that gender (net of other factors) has a small effect on the likelihood of imprisonment toward lesser jailing of female defendants but has a negligible effect on the length‐of‐imprisonment decision. Observations and interview responses from selected judges help to clarify the ways in which judges' sentencing practices are gender linked. Together, the statistical and the qualitative data suggest that the sentencing practices of judges are driven by two main concerns, blameworthiness (e.g., as indicated by prior record, type of involvement, remorse) and practicality (e.g., as indicated by child‐care responsibility, pregnancy, emotional or physical problems, availability of adequate jail space). Based on our findings, we suspect that when men and women appear in (contemporary) criminal court in similar circumstances and are charged with similar offenses, they receive similar treatment. A major question from a policy perspective is, when gender disparities in sentence outcomes do arise, are the disparities warranted or unwarranted
Audit · Criminology · Imprisonment · Perspective (graphical · Remorse · Sentence · Suspect · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems · Psychology · Social Psychology
Gendered social forces
Punishment without reason
Focal Concerns Theory
Sentencing, Trends, and Disparities
Youth Justice and Migration
Marriage and Desistance from Crime in the Netherlands
Racial and ethnic disparity in pretrial criminal processing
Does Gender Modify the Effects of Race–ethnicity on Criminal Sanctioning? Sentences for Male and Female White, Black, and Hispanic Defendants
A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing
A Multilevel Analysis of Community Effects on Criminal Sentencing
The Independent and Joint Effects of Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age on Sentencing Outcomes in U.S. Federal Courts
Gender and Sentencing in the Federal Courts
White female victims and death penalty disparity research
Does Victim Gender Increase Sentence Severity? Further Explorations of Gender Dynamics and Sentencing Outcomes
The Individual And Joint Effects Of Race, Gender, And Family Status On Juvenile Justice Decision-Making
Social context and racial disparities in punishment decisions
Focally Concerned About Focal Concerns
Age differences in sentencing
Sex effects and sentencing
Is Preferential Treatment of Female Offenders a Thing of the Past? A Multisite Study of Gender, Race, and Imprisonment
Sentencing disparity and departures from guidelines
Women Coming Home
Discrimination, drugs, and alcohol among Latina/os in Brooklyn, New York
Gender and sentencing in capital cases
Bias in Sentencing Men for Sexual Offenses Against Minors
Sentencing equilibrium in rape cases
Did she do it? Assessing culpability among a true crime audience
Deservingness and Punishment in Juvenile Justice
Examining the “Gang Penalty” in the Juvenile Justice System
A failed attempt to radically reduce inter-court sentencing disparities by legislation
Exploring gender disparities in the prosecution of theft cases
Developing a Complete Sentence Severity Scale using Extended Goodman RC models
Adverse Childhood Experiences in Capital Sentencing
Back to Basics
Expanding Our Understanding of Focal Concerns
The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims
Between Paternalism and a Gender Perspective
Pathways to Offense Charging
A Focal Concerns Perspective on Prosecutorial Decision Making in Cases of Intimate Partner Stalking
Immigration and Sentencing
Determinants of case outcomes in Rwanda's postgenocide gacaca courts
A Quantitative Analysis on the Sentencing Disparity in Online Romance Scam Cases in United States
Examining the Sentencing of American Indian Women in U.S. Federal District Courts
Sentencing Disparity and Focal Concern
Sentencing Add-Ons and Implications for Disparities in a Guidelines State
Race and Gender Differences in the Age-Sentencing Relationship
Going Off the Grid
Examining Disparities in Case Dispositions and Sentencing Outcomes for Domestic Violent Extremists in the United States
Predictive Bias in Juvenile Risk Assessment
Social Context and Early Disposition Departures
Gender Disparity in Pennsylvania Child Abuse and Neglect Sentencing Outcomes
Time for Time
Legal and Extralegal Factors Determining Sentence Type and Length
Gender and Criminal Justice Responses to Terrorism in the United States
Specialty Courts, Special for Whom
Sentencing Female Drug Offenders
Fast-Tracking Justice
Regulating Legal Misconduct in the Commonwealth of Virginia
The Joint Effects of Gender and Race/Ethnicity on Sentencing Outcomes in Federal Courts
Women in Crime and Justice
A Descriptive Profile and Socio-Historical Analysis of Female Executions in the United States
Gender and “Other People's Money”
Gender Disparities in Sentencing Departures
Gender and Case Processing Decisions
Do Both Petty and Serious Female Offenders Have Shorter Incarcerations than Their Male Counterparts? Testing the Universality of Chivalrous Treatment
The Non-Constant Effect of Defendant Sex across Criminal History
Achieving Consistency in Sentencing
Perceptions of Female Offenders
Judges' Race and Judicial Decision Making
The Political Context of Sentencing
Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing
Recent Developments and New Directions in Sentencing Research
“But Some People Still Think That Men Cannot be Raped”
Somebody’s going to emergency, somebody’s going to jail
Examining Mental Health Court Completion
The Liberation Hypothesis and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Application of California's Three Strikes Law
The influence of race, gender, family, and employment status on probationer sanctioning for noncompliance
Gender Effects Across Place
The Influence of Defendant Race/Ethnicity and Police Body-Worn Cameras on Traffic Case Processing
Decomposition of Racial Differences in Sentencing
Mais lenientes com as mulheres? O fluxo de processamento do tráfico de drogas numa cidade brasileira
Similar cases, different punishment
Penalty effect of China's Plea Leniency System
The Impact of Indigenous Status on Adult Sentencing
Kaznovanje tujcev
Gender, Race, and Sentencing
Narrativas y control de la detención policial en la CDMX
Evidence of cumulative disadvantage and the liberation hypothesis in court cases involving resisting arrest
Temporal analyses of American Indian disadvantage
The ‘Focal Concerns’ of Parole Board Decision-Making
Sex and Sentencing Disparity in South Australia's Higher Courts
Measuring Risk and Blameworthiness in the Sentencing of Criminal Defendants
Indigent Injustice
Sex/gender‐based decision‐making in the criminal justice system as a possible (additional) explanation for the underrepresentation of women in official criminal statistics — a review of international literature
The Iron Law of Paternalism
Amplifying Black Women’s Voices
The impact of maleness on judicial decision making
You Know Baseball? 3 Strikes”
The Effects of Legal and Extralegal Factors on Probation Revocation Decisions
Political pressure and information bias in arrests hearings in Mexico city
Regression Diagnostics
Assessing the Impact of the Women's Movement on Sex-Based Differences in the Handling of Adult Criminal Defendants
The Anatomy of Another Prison Riot
Women in Crime and Justice
The sentencing commission and its guidelines
The Social Contexts of Criminal Sentencing
Class, Status, and the Punishment of White-Collar Criminals
Crime and Justice
Research on Sentencing
The Legal System
The Impact of the Ethnicity and Gender of Defendants on the Decision to Reject or Dismiss Felony Charges
Judicial Discretion and Defendant's Sex
Sex, Sentencing and Reconvigtion
Measuring and explaining disparities in felony sentences
Changing Conceptions of Race
An Introduction to Sample Selection Bias in Sociological Data
Sentencing the White-Collar Offender
Sentencing the White-Collar Offender
The Sex-Sanctioning Issue
The Effect of Race on Sentencing
Social Status and Sentences of Female Offenders
Women as Criminal Defendants
Discrimination in the Criminal Courts
An Integration of Theories to Explain Judicial Discretion
Racial Differences in Criminal Processing
The Role of Probation Officers in Determining Gender Differences in Sentencing Severity
| Unique citing works | 231 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,45 |
| Citation span | 1995 - 2026 (32) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 229 |