Legal Cynicism, Collective Efficacy, and the Ecology of Arrest
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9680409 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David S Kirk (0000-0003-0037-4291, The University of Texas at Austin, corresponding author), MAURI MATSUDA (0000-0003-0460-0268, University of Maryland, College Park) |
| Year | 2011 |
| Volume | 49 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 443-472 |
| Publication date | 2011-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Criminology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0011-1384 • E-ISSN: 1745-9125 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00226.x |
| OpenAlex | W1533452872 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 189 |
| References cited | 38 |
Ethnographic evidence reveals that many crimes in poor minority neighborhoods evade criminal justice sanctioning, thus leading to a negative association between the proportion of minority residents in a neighborhood and the arrest rate. To explain this finding, we extend recent theoretical explications of the concept of legal cynicism. Legal cynicism refers to a cultural orientation in which the law and the agents of its enforcement are viewed as illegitimate, unresponsive, and ill equipped to ensure public safety. Crime might flourish in neighborhoods characterized by legal cynicism because individuals who view the law as illegitimate are less likely to comply with it; yet because of legal cynicism, these crimes might go unreported and therefore unsanctioned. This study draws on data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to test the importance of legal cynicism for understanding geographic variation in the probability of arrest. We find that, in neighborhoods characterized by high levels of legal cynicism, crimes are much less likely to lead to an arrest than in neighborhoods where citizens view the police more favorably. Findings also reveal that residents of highly cynical neighborhoods are less likely to engage in collective efficacy and that collective efficacy mediates the association between legal cynicism and the probability of arrest
Criminology · Cynicism · Law enforcement · Political science · Politics · Sociology · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis · Law · Policing Practices and Perceptions
Crime and symbolic boundaries in unsettled times
Legitimacy, trust and legal cynicism
Digital Punishment
Collective Efficacy and Crime
Trust in the Police
Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes
Wearing body cameras increases assaults against officers and does not reduce police use of force
Is the Effect of Procedural Justice on Police Legitimacy Invariant? Testing the Generality of Procedural Justice and Competing Antecedents of Legitimacy
Dual-process theory of racial isolation, legal cynicism, and reported crime
Legal Cynicism and System Avoidance
Reconceptualizing the relationship between legal cynicism and contacting the police
How does the presence and level of intellectual disability and type of behaviour displayed shape public perceptions of culpability?
Criminal Record Stigma and Surveillance in the Digital Age
Radicalizing spaces
Legal Cynicism and Drug Use at the Microgeographic Level
Exploring the Drivers of Child Maltreatment Under- and Overreporting
Pathways to Legal Cynicism in Mexican Adolescents
Institutional corruption in the criminal justice system
Exploring cynicism toward prison administrations as a mediator of the association between quality of treatment and inmate misconduct
Assessment of the Dimensionality and Comparability in Legal Cynicism Measurement
Heard Shots – Call the Police? An Examination of Citizen Responses To Gunfire
How do Adolescents Develop Legal Cynicism? A Test of Legal Socialization Mechanisms Among Youth Involved in the Justice System
“Walking ATMs”
Investigating the Impacts of a Global Pandemic and George Floyd’s Death on Crime and Other Features of Police Work
Parole, Neighborhood and Reentry Outcomes
The Focal Concerns of Stalking Victims
Hate Crime Police Intervention and Neighborhood Context
The Impact of the Defense Attorney on Plea Decision-Making
A Neglected Problem
The Keepers
Exploring a Social Identity Theory of Shared Narrative
Predicting police contact
Rechtszynismus
Rechtszynismus
The Influence of Formal and Informal Sanctions on Offending
School Punishment, Deterrence, and Race
The Differential Relationship between Self-Control and Peer Influences over Time
Trust and Confidence in Police Officers and the Institution of Policing
The Role of Neighborhood Context in the Relationship between Parenting Effectiveness and Self-control
Network Structures of Police Misconduct Differ Based on Type and Severity of Misconduct
Concern, Cynicism, and the Coronavirus
Current and New Frontiers
Lower Perceived Economic Mobility Inhibits Pro-Environmental Engagement by Increasing Cynicism
Procedural justice, police legitimacy, and legal cynicism
Legal Cynicism as a Mechanism Linking Childhood Risk to Young Adult Arrest
Reconsidering the Relationship between Incarceration, Trust in the State, Community Engagement, and Civic Participation
Violent Peers and Street Efficacy in Legally Cynical Neighborhoods
Justice Beyond the Courts
Why are young adults willing to cooperate with the police and comply with traffic laws? Examining the role of attitudes toward the police and law, perceived deterrence and personal morality
Toward a Psychological Science of Abolition Democracy
Police oversight in Ireland
Street corner decisions
What the Study of Legal Cynicism and Crime Can Tell Us About Reliability, Validity, and Versatility in Law and Social Science Research
Procedural Justice and Legal Compliance
The Mobilization of Criminal Law
Short‐term evaluation of Cure Violence St. Louis
Clearing crimes in the aftermath of police lethal violence
Oh hell no, we don't talk to police”
Gangstering Grants
Complaining While Black
Accessing the right to vote among system-impacted people
The Interaction of Race and Gender as a Significant Driver of Racial Arrest Disparities for African American Men
Can diversity promote trust? Neighbourhood context and trust in the police in Northern Ireland
Neighbourhood context and unsolved murders
Body-worn camera videos and public perceptions of police
Procedural justice, perceived injustice, legal cynicism and police performance
Traffic violations and cooperative intentions among drivers
Individual-level intervention
Recent Evidence and Controversies in “The New Policing”
Temporary Trust
The Ambivalent State
Predict and Surveil
The Sixty-Year Trajectory of Homicide Clearance Rates
Birds of a Feather Born Together? On Siblings, Crime, and Criminal Legal System Contact
Understanding the context for police avoidance
When insignificance is significant
Exploring crime through physical and social neighborhood factors
Moving beyond “Does it reduce crime
The Effect of Police Oversight on Crime and Misconduct Allegations
Surveilling system exposure and parental institutional disengagement
An Inductive Approach to Examining Racial Majority Versus Minority Expectations and Appraisals of Police Legitimacy in a Small-Town Context
Effects of police violence on citizen calls for service
Friend Not Foe? Reconsidering Race, the Police, and Community Relations
Police notification by Black victims of violent crime
The Role of Police Officer Race/Ethnicity on Crime Rates in Immigrant Communities
Collusion and Cynicism at the Urban Margins
Interracial encounters with the police
Legal cynicism and Blue Lives Matter movement
The New Dawn of NIBRS
Understanding Collective Efficacy as a Racialized Process
Racist Torture and the Code of Silence
“It’s two separate systems that … keep you under a thumb”
State-Terror and Tolerance of Deviance
Os mecanismos de governança não estatal da violência em uma comunidade pobre do Recife/PE
Patients or perpetrators? The effects of trauma exposure on gang members’ mental health
What factors drive trust in police after civil wars
Considerations on the Construction, Timing, and Consequences of the Psychedelic Renaissance
Intimate Partner Violence and Subsequent Depression
Examining the community consequences of arrests for low‐level criminal activity
Perceptions of Police Practice, Cynicism of Police Performance, and Persistent Neighborhood Violence
Community Policing Chicago Style
Apparate zum Kristallisieren (Sublimation und Schmelzverfahren)
Neighborhood Context and Police Use of Force
Examining the Divergence Across Self-report and Official Data Sources on Inferences About the Adolescent Life-course of Crime
Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations
Street Corner Society
Why People Obey the Law
Social Threat and Social Control
Delinquency and Drift
Police Don't Like Black People”
Neighborhood Change and Crime in the Modern Metropolis
Social Anatomy of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Violence
The neighborhood context of racial and ethnic disparities in arrest
A Multilevel Test of Racial Threat Theory
Neighborhood Structural Characteristics, Individual‐level Attitudes, and Youths' Crime Reporting Intentions
We Never Call the Cops and Here Is Why
Sources of Informal Social Control in Chicago Neighborhoods
Compromised Police Legitimacy as a Predictor of Violent Crime in Structurally Disadvantaged Communities
Negotiating Order in Patrol Work
Minority Threat and Police Strength From 1980 to 2000
Neighborhood Inequality, Collective Efficacy, and the Spatial Dynamics of Urban Violence
Racial Threat, Concentrated Disadvantage and Social Control
Race and the War on Crime
The Neighborhood Context of Police Behavior
Race and Involvement in Common Law Personal Crimes
Crime as Social Control
Block, Tract, and Levels of Aggregation
The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing
Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance
Local Social Ties in a Community and Crime Model
Cultural Mechanisms and the Persistence of Neighborhood Violence
Racial Context and Police Force Size
The Social Organization of Street Gang Activity in an Urban Ghetto
Social Structure and Crime Control Among Macrosocial Units
Perspectives on the Legal Order
| Unique citing works | 189 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 13,5 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2026 (15) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 187 |