Testing Social Learning Theory Using Reinforcement's Residue
A Multilevel Analysis of Self‐reported Theft and Marijuana Use in the National Youth Survey
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9681262 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jonathan R Brauer (0009-0005-3857-7942, North Carolina State University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2009 |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 929-970 |
| Publication date | 2009-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Criminology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0011-1384 • E-ISSN: 1745-9125 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2009.00164.x |
| OpenAlex | W2038969131 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 18 |
| References cited | 76 |
Critics have expressed concerns regarding measurement strategies or analytic techniques often used in social learning research (Horan and Phillips, 2003; Krohn, 1999; Sampson, 1999; Tittle, 2004). In response to these concerns, this study tests the hypothesized causal relationships among reinforcement, general definitions, and self‐reported crime (theft and marijuana use) using a multilevel modeling approach with longitudinal data from the first five waves of the National Youth Survey (NYS), as well as with indirect parent and friend reinforcement measures that incorporate both the assumed products of reinforcement (expected consequences of behavior) and the efficacy of reinforcement (expected influence of the reinforcement source). Within‐subject analyses present a challenge to the theory as social learning variables do not covary significantly over time with criminal offending rates. Between‐subject analyses offer support for the theory as across‐person differences in average parent and friend reinforcement are significantly related to offending rates, and these reinforcement–crime relationships are mediated partially or fully by learned definitions. Implications of these findings are discussed
Cognitive psychology · Developmental psychology · Machine learning · Multilevel model · Reinforcement · Reinforcement learning · Social learning theory · Artificial Intelligence · Behavioral and Psychological Studies · Community Health and Development · Computer Science · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Psychology · Social Psychology
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Neighborhood Disadvantage, Social Groups, and Adolescent Violence
Differential Reinforcement in Context
Reconsidering the Unusual Suspect
Heterogeneity in the development of differential reinforcement
Social welfare support and homicide
Investigating Friendship Quality
Take the car keys away
Perceptual saturation in deterrence
Attachment to parents and adolescents' marijuana use, attitudes, and perceptions
Retrofitting social learning theory with contemporary understandings of learning and memory derived from cognitive psychology and neuroscience
Violent victimization, confluence of risks and the nature of criminal behavior
Social Learning, Reinforcement and Crime
Social Relationships and Delinquency
Social Learning Theory and Human Reinforcement
Have children adapted to their mothers working, or was adaptation unnecessary? Cohort effects and the relationship between maternal employment and child well-being
Adolescent Binge Drinking
Dine and Dash
Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use
Control Balance
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis
Relational Frame Theory
The Current State of Differential Association Theory
Deviancy training in male adolescent friendships
Testing the Leading Crime Theories
Social Learning and Deviant Behavior
Social Projection to Ingroups and Outgroups
A Social Learning Theory Analysis of Computer Crime among College Students
Hierarchical linear models
Principles of Criminology
Treatment Of Missing Data At The Second Level Of Hierarchical Linear Models
The Explanation of Crime
Social Learning and Social Structure
Crime, Shame and Reintegration
A General Theory of Crime
Techniques of Research Neutralization
Social Learning Theory
Social Learning and Social Structure
Parents, Siblings, and Peers
Normative-affective factors
Companions in Crime
Problem solving as reinforcement in adolescent drug use
Are Self-Reports of Adolescent Deviance Valid? Biochemical Measures, Randomized Response, and the Bogus Pipeline in Smoking Behavior
Longitudinal linkages between sibling relationships and adjustment from middle childhood through adolescence
Delinquent Peers, Beliefs, and Delinquent Behavior
Limitations in the Use of Longitudinal Self‐report Data
The Dynamics of Delinquent Peers and Delinquent Behavior
Social Control and Social Learning Models of Delinquent Behavior a Synthesis
Romantic Partners' Influence on Men's Likelihood of Arrest in Early Adulthood
The Gendering of Violent Delinquency
The Influence of Delinquent Peers
The Relationship Between Law Violation and Depression
The Interactive Effects of Peer Variables on Delinquency
Serious Violent Offenders
Antisocial Behavior and Youth Gang Membership
Analysis of multiplicative combination rules when the causal variables are measured with error
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
Productivity in the Workplace
The problem of analyzing multiplicative composites
Role-Taking, Role Commitment, and Delinquency
Testing Control Theory and Differential Association
Techniques of Neutralization
Social Learning and Deviant Behavior
Social Learning Theory and the Explanation of Crime
Reconsidering Peers and Delinquency
Status, Endorsement and the Legitimacy of Deviance
The Age-Crime Debate
Socioeconomic Status, Subcultural Definitions, and Violent Delinquency
Defiance and Despair
Modeling Sutherland's Theory of Differential Association
Social Learning Theory and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking
A Differential Association-Reinforcement Theory of Criminal Behavior
The Effect of Teenage Employment on Delinquency and Problem Behaviors
Social Learning Theory and Alcohol Behavior Among the Elderly
Age, Crime, and Social Explanation
Age and the Explanation of Crime
Parents, Peers, and Delinquent Action
Cessation of alcohol and drug use among adolescents
Applying Social Learning Theory to Police Misconduct
Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators
| Unique citing works | 18 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1,29 |
| Citation span | 2012 - 2026 (15) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 18 |