War and Our Merchant Marine

Upon the outbreak of war in September 1939 operations of merchant vessels sailing under the flag of the United States were restricted under the terms of the joint congressional resolution of May 1, 1937. This resolution specifically forbade American vessels to carry arms, ammunition, or implements of war to any belligerent state; and proscribed the carrying of any other (to be later designated) article, if necessary to preserve the peace of the United States. Arming of American vessels was prohibited. With the war in Europe scarcely under way, the joint congressional resolution of November 4, 1939 tightened these restrictions. American vessels were granted freedom to sail only in designated safe zones; and were forbidden to operate in combat zones, as defined by the President.' By this means, Congress evidently sought to maintain the peace of the United States, because the sinking of national vessels is ever a fruitful source of war senti

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