Common Schools for Negroes in the South

COMMON schools for Negroes in the older Southern States were born in a period of political and economic distress. They were the progeny of the era of Reconstruction, the blight of which, unfortunately, is still felt in some sections. In fact, in most of the states of the South common schools had to be born three times before definite progress could be made. (1) Presidential Plan.-Beginning with Arkansas in 1864, a majority of the Southern States had enacted laws setting up public schools for both whites and Negroes under the Presidential Plan of Restoration. Congress refused, however, to permit the plan inaugurated by Lincoln and continued by Johnson to prevail. It reduced the Southern States to provinces, established martial law in them, and required them, before they could be restored to statehood, to write new constitutions in accordance with the congressional plan of reconstruction. (2) Congressional Reconstruction and Some of Its Fruits.-Alabama adopted its new constitution November 5, 1867, and was followed by the other states in quick succession. The educational sections of the new constitutions were very much alike

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  Harold L Triggs, Edward E Redcay•The Journal of Negro Education•1935

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• Black Labor Migration

  Open Access•Carole Marks•Insurgent Sociologist•1985

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• Archaeology and Heritage of the Gullah People

  J A Barnes, Jodi Barnes et al.•Journal of African Diaspora…•2012

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