The Ghost Condition
Imitation Versus Emulation in Young Children's Observational Learning
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9795540 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Doreen E Thompson, Doreen Thompson (University of Strathclyde, corresponding author), James Russell (0000-0003-0827-1801) |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 40 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 882-889 |
| Publication date | 2004-01-01 |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Developmental Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0012-1649 • E-ISSN: 1939-0599 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0012-1649.40.5.882 |
| PMID | 15355173 |
| OpenAlex | W2008928396 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 6 |
| References cited | 21 |
Although observational learning by children may occur through imitating a modeler's actions, it can also occur through learning about an object's dynamic affordances--a process that M. Tomasello (1996) calls "emulation." The relative contributions of imitation and emulation within observational learning were examined in a study with 14- to 26-month-old children. The effectiveness of a "ghost" condition, in which the effective operation of the means apparatus was seen to occur without human agency, was compared with that of a standard modeling procedure in which the child saw an experimenter demonstrate the means action. The ghost condition was as likely to encourage observational learning as was the modeling condition; indeed, performance in the ghost condition was significantly better. The role of emulation in the development of observational learning is discussed in the context of a possible form of goal directedness without agency
Action (physics · Affordance · Agency (philosophy · Cognitive psychology · Context (archaeology · Developmental psychology · Emulation · Epistemology · Experiential learning · Imitation · Mathematics education · Modelling · Object (grammar · Observational learning · Observational study · Teaching method · Artificial Intelligence · Child and Animal Learning Development · Computer Science · Embodied and Extended Cognition · Medicine · Psychology · Social Psychology · Social Representations and Identity
Two-year-old children copy more reliably and more often than nonhuman great apes in multiple observational learning tasks
Learning From Others
Explaining after by before
A theory and dynamic model of dyadic interaction
Cultural Transmission of Tool Use in Young Children
Copying actions and copying outcomes
The process of sub-culture propagation among Japanese macaques
Rational imitation in preverbal infants
Newly-acquired pre-cultural behavior of the natural troop of Japanese monkeys on Koshima islet
Social Cognition, Joint Attention, and Communicative Competence from 9 to 15 Months of Age
Goal attribution without agency cues
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
The Cultural Origins of Human Cognition
Infant imitation after a 1-week delay
"Infants' behavioral reenactment of "failed attempts
Understanding the intentions of others
The question of animal culture
| Citations per year | 0.29 |
|---|---|
| Citation span | 2005 - 2020 (16) |
| Highly cited | No |