University futures

Insights from a dialectic delphi study

Bibliographic Data

ID9847893
AuthorsVeli Virmajoki (0000-0002-1963-587X, University of Turku, corresponding author), Toni Ahlqvist (0009-0006-9155-9441, University of Turku), Kaisa-Maria Suomalainen (University of Turku), Ira Ahokas (0000-0003-0179-8192, University of Turku)
Year2026
Volume180
Pages103816
Publication date2026-06-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFutures (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0016-3287 • E-ISSN: 1873-6378
PublisherElsevier BV (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1016/j.futures.2026.103816
OpenAlexW7140619422
LanguageEN
References cited35

The future of universities is unclear. They face increasing pressures from market forces, political influence and societal expectations, which is challenging their traditional roles and values. Using a novel dialectic Delphi methodology, this study examined how members of a Finnish university conceptualized and analyzed potential futures extending to 2040. Grounded in a comprehensive literature review, we identified 10 dimensions relevant to universities’ futures, such as purpose, organisational structure and teaching models. We developed a series of statements presenting opposing future trajectories for each dimension—creating the dialectic nature of our approach. This structure was chosen to provoke reflection on distinct futures and to reveal whether participants saw opposing scenarios as incompatible or complementary. The participants assessed the probability and desirability of these futures and provided arguments to explain their perspectives. The findings identify where participants’ assessments of desirability and probability either align, conflict or reveal differing interpretations of the future scenarios and their meanings. This study reveals how university communities can be engaged in reasoning about complex institutional challenges while providing guidance for developing sustainable and balanced university futures. • Uses a dialectic Delphi with opposing statements toward 2040 • Introduces novel Delphi approach that provokes reasoned trade-offs • Explores probable and desirable futures across 10 dimensions. • Focuses on ten linked areas, from funding to teaching to governance. • Shows where probable and desirable futures align or diverge

Delphi · Delphi method · Dialectic · Qualitative research · Delphi Technique in Research · Higher Education Governance and Development · International Student and Expatriate Challenges

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