Synthesizing the Implementation Literature
The Ambiguity-Conflict Model of Policy Implementation
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6295455 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Richard E Matland (University of Houston, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1995 |
| Publication date | 1995-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1053-1858 • E-ISSN: 1477-9803 |
| Publisher | Oxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a037242 |
| OpenAlex | W2268460453 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 513 |
| References cited | 23 |
A review of the policy implementation literature finds the field split into two major schools, top-down and bottom-up. Previous attempts to reconcile these models are described, followed by an alternative model. This model reconciles these approaches by concentrating on the theoretical significance of ambiguity and conflict for policy implementation. A number of factors crucial to the implementation process are identified as varyingly dependent on a policy's ambiguity and conflict level. Four policy implementation paradigms are identified and the relevance of the existing literature to these conditions is discussed. The four paradigms are low conflict-low ambiguity (administrative implementation), high conflict-low ambiguity (political implementation), high conflict-high ambiguity (symbolic implementation), and low conflict-high ambiguity (experimental implementation
Ambiguity · Economics · Field (mathematics · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Process (computing · Relevance (law · Role conflict · Social science · Sociology · Computer Science · E-Government and Public Services · Evaluation and Performance Assessment · Law · Mathematics · Public Policy and Administration Research
The Power of Compassion-Seeking
The politics of agricultural policy and nutrition
How the congruence between public servants’ schemas and legal legitimacy affects top-down public policy implementation
Desempenho da Implementação do Programa Luz para Todos
Land acquisition induced conflicts in suburban China
The Adaptation Policy Paradox
The Missing Link Revisited
Performance Ranking and Environmental Governance
Uneven local implementation of federal policy after disaster
Policy conflicts in shale development in China and the United States
Políticas públicas e linguagem
Sustainability of ARV provision in developing countries
Auditing Web accessibility
Biodiversity policy and subnational implementation in the remote regions of France
Groundwater governance and implementing the conservation policy
Inside-out and outside-in
Reactive limits to diaspora enfranchisement policies
Policy instruments and the remediation and redevelopment of contaminated properties
The politics of just transition
Traducciones de los equipos locales en la implementación de programas sociales en Chile
Territorial Policies and Transformative Politics? Agri-Environmentalism in Central Spain
Quantitative Storytelling
Six steps in quality intervention development (6SQuID)
Análise Da Implementação Da Política De Compras Públicas Sustentáveis
Apresentação - Estudos sobre implementação de políticas públicas e suas relações com a (re) produção de desigualdades educacionais
Percepções dos profissionais de linha de frente da saúde sobre HIV e juventudes
O modelo de ambiguidade-conflito como ferramenta de análise dos desafios da Assistência Farmacêutica em João Pessoa (PB)
Frontline health professionals' perceptions about HIV and youth
The Political Regulation Wave
New Directions in Africa–China Studies
Controlled Freedom
Policy Implementation in an Age of Governance
Thinking About Failing
Geflüchtete in ländlichen Regionen Deutschlands
The Politics of Evidence (Open Access)
Policy failure and the policy-implementation gap
Local Energy Efficiency Policy Implementation in China
Perverse Incentive Structure and Policy Implementation Gap in China's Local Environmental Politics
Authoritarian Environmentalism Undermined? Local Leaders’ Time Horizons and Environmental Policy Implementation in China
The challenges of realising inclusive education in South Africa
Questions of governance
Performance Management, High-Powered Incentives, and Environmental Policies in China
Ambiguity and Cultural Policy
Policy Accumulation and the Democratic Responsiveness Trap
An Alternative Approach for Studying Public Policy
Europe, the Green Line and the Issue of the Israeli-Palestinian Border
The bit in the middle
Exploring Ambiguity in Social Prescribing
Factors Explaining Program Sustainability
Opening the ‘implementation black-box’ of the user fee exemption policy for caesarean section in Benin
How Wars Impact Public Administration and Street-Level Bureaucracy
Navigating challenges at the frontline
Discriminación de las personas inmigrantes y el policy making de las normas e instituciones para la igualdad de trato. Introducción al monográfico
Supply Chain Strategies in Mediating the Effect of Knowledge Management on Business Performance
A survey of nutritional education within the Holiday Activities and Food programme across England
Risk communication policies and strategies in Nepal and Switzerland
Motivations underlining the “blame avoidance dilemma”
Impacts of Redd+ in Mexico
Aspectos iniciais da implementação do Novo Ensino Médio no estado de Mato Grosso
Implementação do ensino remoto
Implementação de políticas como espaço de (re)produção de desigualdades
Principal discipline decision-making
Ambiguity, appraisal, and affect
Are we there yet? Understanding the implementation of re-municipalization decisions and their duration
Public service motivation and policy implementation attitudes
Understanding goal formation in strategic public management
E-procurement system adoption in local governments
Who decides and why it matters
Implementación de políticas públicas. Perspectiva de los Street Level Bureaucrats . Una (re)visión
La politisation des cantines scolaires en France
Will college promise programs improve or reduce equity? Understanding the contextual conditions that influence program implementation
Policy implementation as a tool for advancing equity in community college
Distance education and national teacher training policies
Implementing a mandate to plan for sea level rise
Understanding contextual heterogeneity in the outcomes of large-scale security policies
Superintendents’ Beliefs About and Engagement in State Education Policy Making
What could improve or hinder the implementation of spatial planning towards environmental justice
An ocean of ambiguity in Northern European marine spatial planning policy designs
Police Discretion and Restorative Justice in China
Discretion on the frontlines of the implementation of the Ghana School Feeding Programme
Social conflict on the front lines of reform
Exercising bureaucratic discretion through selective bridging
Polycentric Governance and Inclusive Policies
The beginnings of health system transformation
Making integrated care happen
The Opt-Out Movement and the Reform Agenda in U.S. Schools
Using Integrative Implementation Theory to Understand New Jersey's 2015 Opt-Out Movement
Challenges in implementing climate change policy within local climate action, transportation and land use planning in Japan
Risks of policy failure in direct R&D support
Street-level bureaucracy in the pandemic
Behavior and performance of street-level bureaucrats
Partisan alignment and public policies provision in Brazil
Efeito de mudanças no contexto de implementação de uma política multinível
Mid-level bureaucrats perception on the implementation of public policies
Alinhamento partidário e oferta de políticas públicas no Brasil
O nível de rua na pandemia
Comportamento e desempenho de burocratas de nível de rua
O burocrata de médio escalão na implementação de políticas públicas
The Relationship between Written District Policies and School Practices among High‐Need Districts in New York State
Gap Analysis of Clinical Establishment Act Implementation in India and Assam
The Future of Data Analysis
Implementation Structures
Street-Level Bureaucrats and Institutional Innovation
Essence of Decision
The Imprint of Congress
Incorporating Multiple Actors and Guidance Instruments into Models of Regulatory Policymaking
The Policy Implementation Process
An Introduction to Models in the Social Sciences
EPA, TVA and Pollution Control
Regulatory Issue Networks in a Federal System
Policy Recommendations for Multi-Actor Implementation
Implementation Research — The Link Gone Missing
Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research
Personal Information Policies in the United States and Britain
Improving Implementation Through Framing Smarter Statutes
Implementation Research as Empirical Constitutionalism
Learning From Experience
Complex Organizations
Essence of Decision
A Design Perspective on Policy Implementation
Street-Wise Social Policy
Toward a theory of social conflict
| Unique citing works | 513 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 16,03 |
| Citation span | 1994 - 2026 (33) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 485 |