H Brinton Milward
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 312231 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | H Brinton Milward |
| NOMBRES | H Brinton |
| APELLIDO | Milward |
| FIRMA | MILWARD H B |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Arizona |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0094-8470 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 35 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 942 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 35 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1978 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2025 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Possible effects of cheap fentanyl on drug markets, use, and harm
A detailed study of a prominent dark web fentanyl trafficking organization
Overdose deaths in North America have soared, primarily because of the spread of illegally manufactured fentanyl.This paper uses detailed qualitative and transaction-level data to analyse an early and prominent dark web fentanyl-selling operation.The data record the date, drug, quantity, and selling price for 5,589 transactions comprising 872,659 items sold for a little over $2.8 million through AlphaBay.Findings include that the organisation sus…
A Place at the Table
In November 2018, the University of Arizona’s School of Government and Public Policy hosted an international workshop on the role of organization theory in public management. The intention was to renew interest in organization theory in public management research. Scholars such as Herbert Simon, Herbert Kaufman, and Richard Selznick made seminal contributions to organization theory through the study of public organizations from the 1940s through …
Networks, Power, and the Effects of Legitimacy in Contentious Politics
Legitimacy is widely theorized as shaping the dynamics of contentious politics, fostering support and stability for those involved while imposing behavioral constraints. Yet, empirical research reveals wide variation in how these effects are realized in practice. We contend that divergences in legitimacy's effects are tied in fundamental ways to the relationship between actors engaged in contentious politics and their audience(s). We develop a fr…
Democracy, Public Administration, and Public Values in an Era of Estrangement
This essay responds to the prevailing political environment of estrangement that can be seen in the growing distrust of public institutions, intensifying levels of political polarization, and rising support for populism, particularly in the United States. These trends have contributed to a diminished sense of publicness in public administration, including an erosion of public values and political legitimacy, and an increasingly cynical view of th…
When Terrorists Go Bad
The intersection of terrorism and organized crime is a central global security concern. However, the conditions that contribute to this intersection or hinder its development are widely debated. Drawing on prominent cases of ideologically driven violent nonstate actors engaged in illicit economies, some scholars argue that this intersection is a logical evolution. Other scholars, focusing on the fact that relatively few groups engage in both orga…
Organizational Versus Individual Attribution
Recent studies have taken an important first step in examining which terrorist groups, based on their organizational characteristics and the characteristics of the environment in which they operate, are more likely to pursue chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. This approach, however, assumes that individuals who perpetrate events act on behalf of the organization to which they primarily belong. Using the case of Jemaah…
Governance, Privatization, and Systemic Risk in the Disarticulated State
With the United States grappling with the greatest economic downturn since the Great Depression, questions are emerging about whether outsourcing contributes to the instability of government service production. In this article, the authors explore systemic risk in privatized service implementation networks. Reliance on networks of private agents for service production contributes to the disarticulated and fragmented state and increases the potent…
A preliminary theory of dark network resilience
A crucial contemporary policy question for governments across the globe is how to cope with international crime and terrorist networks. Many such “dark” networks—that is, networks that operate covertly and illegally—display a remarkable level of resilience when faced with shocks and attacks. Based on an in‐depth study of three cases (MK, the armed wing of the African National Congress in South Africa during apartheid; FARC, the Marxist guerrilla …
A State of Agents? Sharpening the Debate and Evidence over the Extent and Impact of the Transformation of Governance
We address focal questions about the growth of "third-party" government and new forms or tools of governance and the extent and impact of their increasing use to implement public policy and the "public will." Our goal is to sharpen this discussion by bringing empirical evidence to bear on key arguments and assertions in the debate. In particular, along with the other contributors to this journal issue, we look for evidence that government control…
Governance and Collaboration
As examples of a state of agents, this paper will present a comparative analysis of the evolution of two community mental health networks that both have similar contracts from the State of Arizona and operate under the same set of rules. One of these is governed by a for-profit firm that both produces services directly and buys them from a network of nonprofit agencies. The other is governed by a community based nonprofit that contracts with four…
The Evolution of Structural Embeddedness and Organizational Social Outcomes in a Centrally Governed Health and Human Services Network
This research examines the effects, over time, of network embeddedness, on three organizationally based social outcomes. We argue that in a centralized, publicly funded but mixed sector health and human services network, an organization's structural embeddedness in the network, as measured by its centrality, will be related to its trustworthiness, reputation, and influence, as rated by other network members, and that this relationship will streng…
Make or Buy
One of the highlights of
Managing the hollow state Collaboration and contracting
This article presents what the authors have learned about managing networks of public, private and nonprofit service providers in the context of decentralized and devolved governmental regimes - what the authors have termed the hollow state. The characteristics of the hollow state are discussed along with two strategies for managing networks of organizations that jointly produce a public service - collaboration and contracting. The article revisi…
Do Networks Really Work? A Framework for Evaluating Public‐Sector Organizational Networks
Although cooperative, interorganizational networks have become a common mechanism for delivery of public services, evaluating their effectiveness is extremely complex and has generally been neglected. To help resolve this problem, we discuss the evaluation of networks of community‐based, mostly publicly funded health, human service, and public welfare organizations. Consistent with pressures to perform effectively from a broad range of key stakeh…
Governing the Hollow State
For the past ten years the authors have conducted a concentrated research program on the dimensions and impact of the hollow state. The hollow state is a metaphor for the increasing use of third parties, often nonprofits, to deliver social services and generally act in the name of the state. The types of structures, incentives, and mechanisms used to control third-party providers have been the focus of this research. The empirical thrust of this …
People in Political Science
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
In Search of Commensurability
T Vhe 1990s have been challenging years for theory builders in the public administration and public policy communities. The politically charged U.S. reforms made under the auspices of the National Performance Review and the sweeping governmental reform in democratic nations around the globe are nothing less than a sea change. Amid this change, two central themes have emerged: managerialism and governance. This essay highlights two key works on pu…
Measuring Network Structure
Networks have been a research issue in public administration for many years. Because of the difficulty of measuring networks, they have often been treated as a metaphor, a conceptual scheme, or a management technique (networking). The work on networks in public administration is almost all of the case study and rarely of the comparative case variety. This article presents the results of two studies of networks using social network analysis as a t…
Principles for Controlling Agents
The authors of this article have developed a preliminary theory of network effectiveness wherein the unit of analysis is not the organization but the ties between the parts of a network of organizations that jointly produce a service (Provan and Milward 1995). This theory and the study that produced it differ from most studies of interorganizational relations and networks in that it has a performance-based dependent variable. The leading text in …
Symposium on the Hollow State
is an adjective that has described many problems of the twentieth century-from T.S. Eliot's poem Men to Hollow Politics (Economist 1996). Corporation (Business Week 1986) introduced managers to a new organizational form that replaced internal production with a network of subcontractors. The hollow corporation provided the inspiration for my use of the term hollow state as a metaphor to describe the increasing reliance of the public sector on cont…
Electronic Government
This study explores a series of cases where technology is substituted for structure to link citizens to government organizations. The case of using electronic means to deliver public services is viewed in terms of two different types dimensions: first, the technology may be simple or complex; second, one organization can provide the service or the service can be jointly produced by multiple organizations. In either case, citizens are linked to go…
Integrating Services for Children and Families
In this comprehensive synthesis of the history, theory, and practice of services integration, Sharon Lynn Kagan, with Peter R. Neville, explores why past efforts to reform the human services system have had only isolated triumphs and marginal impact in improving the quality of life for children and families. Tracing the history of human services in America from the colonial period to the present, Kagan analyzes the underlying assumptions, barrier…
Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State
Institutional-Level Norms and Organizational Involvement In a Service-Implementation Network
This article, which focuses on organizations that serve seriously mentally ill adults in a single community, is an attempt to explain the involvement of these organizations in a network of service delivery, a “service-implementation network.” With the use of an institutional theory perspective four hypotheses were developed, each focusing on an aspect of an organization's service orientation thought to reflect its commitment to and support of ins…
Governing the Hollow State
For the past ten years the authors have conducted a concentrated research program on the dimensions and impact of the hollow state. The hollow state is a metaphor for the increasing use of third parties, often nonprofits, to deliver social services and generally act in the name of the state. The types of structures, incentives, and mechanisms used to control third-party providers have been the focus of this research. The empirical thrust of this …
Principles for Controlling Agents
The authors of this article have developed a preliminary theory of network effectiveness wherein the unit of analysis is not the organization but the ties between the parts of a network of organizations that jointly produce a service (Provan and Milward 1995). This theory and the study that produced it differ from most studies of interorganizational relations and networks in that it has a performance-based dependent variable. The leading text in …
The Evolution of Structural Embeddedness and Organizational Social Outcomes in a Centrally Governed Health and Human Services Network
This research examines the effects, over time, of network embeddedness, on three organizationally based social outcomes. We argue that in a centralized, publicly funded but mixed sector health and human services network, an organization's structural embeddedness in the network, as measured by its centrality, will be related to its trustworthiness, reputation, and influence, as rated by other network members, and that this relationship will streng…
Symposium on the Hollow State
is an adjective that has described many problems of the twentieth century-from T.S. Eliot's poem Men to Hollow Politics (Economist 1996). Corporation (Business Week 1986) introduced managers to a new organizational form that replaced internal production with a network of subcontractors. The hollow corporation provided the inspiration for my use of the term hollow state as a metaphor to describe the increasing reliance of the public sector on cont…
A State of Agents? Sharpening the Debate and Evidence over the Extent and Impact of the Transformation of Governance
We address focal questions about the growth of "third-party" government and new forms or tools of governance and the extent and impact of their increasing use to implement public policy and the "public will." Our goal is to sharpen this discussion by bringing empirical evidence to bear on key arguments and assertions in the debate. In particular, along with the other contributors to this journal issue, we look for evidence that government control…
Measuring Network Structure
Networks have been a research issue in public administration for many years. Because of the difficulty of measuring networks, they have often been treated as a metaphor, a conceptual scheme, or a management technique (networking). The work on networks in public administration is almost all of the case study and rarely of the comparative case variety. This article presents the results of two studies of networks using social network analysis as a t…
Governance and Collaboration
As examples of a state of agents, this paper will present a comparative analysis of the evolution of two community mental health networks that both have similar contracts from the State of Arizona and operate under the same set of rules. One of these is governed by a for-profit firm that both produces services directly and buys them from a network of nonprofit agencies. The other is governed by a community based nonprofit that contracts with four…
Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State
Institutional-Level Norms and Organizational Involvement In a Service-Implementation Network
This article, which focuses on organizations that serve seriously mentally ill adults in a single community, is an attempt to explain the involvement of these organizations in a network of service delivery, a “service-implementation network.” With the use of an institutional theory perspective four hypotheses were developed, each focusing on an aspect of an organization's service orientation thought to reflect its commitment to and support of ins…
A preliminary theory of dark network resilience
A crucial contemporary policy question for governments across the globe is how to cope with international crime and terrorist networks. Many such “dark” networks—that is, networks that operate covertly and illegally—display a remarkable level of resilience when faced with shocks and attacks. Based on an in‐depth study of three cases (MK, the armed wing of the African National Congress in South Africa during apartheid; FARC, the Marxist guerrilla …
Don't Blame the Bureaucracy
Public agencies and public employees are increasingly berated as inept and inefficient. We argue that the public bureaucracy in the United States is more valuable and effective than generally recognized. Where public agencies do perform badly, the problem is often due to external factors. We discuss the oversimplified calls for more businesslike efficiency in government, the value complexity which complicates evaluation of the public bureaucracy,…
Electronic Government
This study explores a series of cases where technology is substituted for structure to link citizens to government organizations. The case of using electronic means to deliver public services is viewed in terms of two different types dimensions: first, the technology may be simple or complex; second, one organization can provide the service or the service can be jointly produced by multiple organizations. In either case, citizens are linked to go…
When Terrorists Go Bad
The intersection of terrorism and organized crime is a central global security concern. However, the conditions that contribute to this intersection or hinder its development are widely debated. Drawing on prominent cases of ideologically driven violent nonstate actors engaged in illicit economies, some scholars argue that this intersection is a logical evolution. Other scholars, focusing on the fact that relatively few groups engage in both orga…
Inter Organizational Policy Systems and Research on Public Organizations
This article argues that the basic unit for much of public organization analysis is not the organization as is the convention in organization and management theory. Rather, it is an interorganizational unit—the policy system-which centers on a public policy domain
Subsystem Politics and Corporatism in the United States
Recent changes in American politics, particularly the rise and proliferation of public, single and professional interest groups, are difficult to account for in traditional pluralist or elite formulations. These groups not only try to affect policy at the point of adoption, but also penetrate intergovernmental delivery systems during the implementation stage of the policy process. In this way American groups and organisations perform the same sor…
The Impact of Affirmative Action on Organizational Behavior
Integrating Services for Children and Families
In this comprehensive synthesis of the history, theory, and practice of services integration, Sharon Lynn Kagan, with Peter R. Neville, explores why past efforts to reform the human services system have had only isolated triumphs and marginal impact in improving the quality of life for children and families. Tracing the history of human services in America from the colonial period to the present, Kagan analyzes the underlying assumptions, barrier…
Networks, Power, and the Effects of Legitimacy in Contentious Politics
Legitimacy is widely theorized as shaping the dynamics of contentious politics, fostering support and stability for those involved while imposing behavioral constraints. Yet, empirical research reveals wide variation in how these effects are realized in practice. We contend that divergences in legitimacy's effects are tied in fundamental ways to the relationship between actors engaged in contentious politics and their audience(s). We develop a fr…
Organizational Versus Individual Attribution
Recent studies have taken an important first step in examining which terrorist groups, based on their organizational characteristics and the characteristics of the environment in which they operate, are more likely to pursue chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons. This approach, however, assumes that individuals who perpetrate events act on behalf of the organization to which they primarily belong. Using the case of Jemaah…
Make or Buy
One of the highlights of
Organizationl Response To Environmental Pressures
This article outlines a strategy for examining the effect of environmentally induced change on organizational behavior. The major concern is the response of organi zations to demands to hire greater numbers of women and minorities. Central to predicting organizational response to change is a reformulation of the concept of technological core with respect to one type of structure—the public federative organi zation. Given the literature on organiz…
Politics, Personnel and Public Policy
In Search of Commensurability
T Vhe 1990s have been challenging years for theory builders in the public administration and public policy communities. The politically charged U.S. reforms made under the auspices of the National Performance Review and the sweeping governmental reform in democratic nations around the globe are nothing less than a sea change. Amid this change, two central themes have emerged: managerialism and governance. This essay highlights two key works on pu…
Organizational Responses to Affirmative Action
This article tests the "elephant burial grounds " hypothesis of Milward and Swanson. Based on a much more elaborate data set than was employed in the original Milward and Swanson analysis, this study finds little support for the contention that organizations isolate women and minorities in positions away from the core activities of the organization
Politics, Personnel and Public Policy
The Impact of Affirmative Action on Organizational Behavior
Organizationl Response To Environmental Pressures
This article outlines a strategy for examining the effect of environmentally induced change on organizational behavior. The major concern is the response of organi zations to demands to hire greater numbers of women and minorities. Central to predicting organizational response to change is a reformulation of the concept of technological core with respect to one type of structure—the public federative organi zation. Given the literature on organiz…
Cathartic Effect
Inter Organizational Policy Systems and Research on Public Organizations
This article argues that the basic unit for much of public organization analysis is not the organization as is the convention in organization and management theory. Rather, it is an interorganizational unit—the policy system-which centers on a public policy domain
Implementing Affirmative Action and Organizational Compliance
This article develops a conceptual model of organizational compliance using affirmative action as an example. The model is applied to universities that are both highly professionalized and loosely coupled. The article explores the dynamics of the process by which organizations with weak hierarchical links attempt to respond to demands that are sometimes unclear or changing and that make a valued resource contingent upon compliance with goals that…
Subsystem Politics and Corporatism in the United States
Recent changes in American politics, particularly the rise and proliferation of public, single and professional interest groups, are difficult to account for in traditional pluralist or elite formulations. These groups not only try to affect policy at the point of adoption, but also penetrate intergovernmental delivery systems during the implementation stage of the policy process. In this way American groups and organisations perform the same sor…
Don't Blame the Bureaucracy
Public agencies and public employees are increasingly berated as inept and inefficient. We argue that the public bureaucracy in the United States is more valuable and effective than generally recognized. Where public agencies do perform badly, the problem is often due to external factors. We discuss the oversimplified calls for more businesslike efficiency in government, the value complexity which complicates evaluation of the public bureaucracy,…
Organizational Responses to Affirmative Action
This article tests the "elephant burial grounds " hypothesis of Milward and Swanson. Based on a much more elaborate data set than was employed in the original Milward and Swanson analysis, this study finds little support for the contention that organizations isolate women and minorities in positions away from the core activities of the organization
State Incentive Packages and the Industrial Location Decision
Since 1980 there has been both a rapid escalation in the costs associated with industrial recruitment and a dramatic increase in the number of states vying for new auto assembly facilities. The following study reviews both the business and nonbusiness factors relevant in location determination, and focuses on the Nissan, Mazda, Saturn, Diamond-Star, Toyota, and Fuji-Isuzu plant announcements and the offered state incentive packages that have led …
Institutional-Level Norms and Organizational Involvement In a Service-Implementation Network
This article, which focuses on organizations that serve seriously mentally ill adults in a single community, is an attempt to explain the involvement of these organizations in a network of service delivery, a “service-implementation network.” With the use of an institutional theory perspective four hypotheses were developed, each focusing on an aspect of an organization's service orientation thought to reflect its commitment to and support of ins…
Nonprofit Contracting and the Hollow State
Integrating Services for Children and Families
In this comprehensive synthesis of the history, theory, and practice of services integration, Sharon Lynn Kagan, with Peter R. Neville, explores why past efforts to reform the human services system have had only isolated triumphs and marginal impact in improving the quality of life for children and families. Tracing the history of human services in America from the colonial period to the present, Kagan analyzes the underlying assumptions, barrier…
Symposium on the Hollow State
is an adjective that has described many problems of the twentieth century-from T.S. Eliot's poem Men to Hollow Politics (Economist 1996). Corporation (Business Week 1986) introduced managers to a new organizational form that replaced internal production with a network of subcontractors. The hollow corporation provided the inspiration for my use of the term hollow state as a metaphor to describe the increasing reliance of the public sector on cont…
Electronic Government
This study explores a series of cases where technology is substituted for structure to link citizens to government organizations. The case of using electronic means to deliver public services is viewed in terms of two different types dimensions: first, the technology may be simple or complex; second, one organization can provide the service or the service can be jointly produced by multiple organizations. In either case, citizens are linked to go…
People in Political Science
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button
In Search of Commensurability
T Vhe 1990s have been challenging years for theory builders in the public administration and public policy communities. The politically charged U.S. reforms made under the auspices of the National Performance Review and the sweeping governmental reform in democratic nations around the globe are nothing less than a sea change. Amid this change, two central themes have emerged: managerialism and governance. This essay highlights two key works on pu…
Measuring Network Structure
Networks have been a research issue in public administration for many years. Because of the difficulty of measuring networks, they have often been treated as a metaphor, a conceptual scheme, or a management technique (networking). The work on networks in public administration is almost all of the case study and rarely of the comparative case variety. This article presents the results of two studies of networks using social network analysis as a t…
Principles for Controlling Agents
The authors of this article have developed a preliminary theory of network effectiveness wherein the unit of analysis is not the organization but the ties between the parts of a network of organizations that jointly produce a service (Provan and Milward 1995). This theory and the study that produced it differ from most studies of interorganizational relations and networks in that it has a performance-based dependent variable. The leading text in …
Governing the Hollow State
For the past ten years the authors have conducted a concentrated research program on the dimensions and impact of the hollow state. The hollow state is a metaphor for the increasing use of third parties, often nonprofits, to deliver social services and generally act in the name of the state. The types of structures, incentives, and mechanisms used to control third-party providers have been the focus of this research. The empirical thrust of this …
Do Networks Really Work? A Framework for Evaluating Public‐Sector Organizational Networks
Although cooperative, interorganizational networks have become a common mechanism for delivery of public services, evaluating their effectiveness is extremely complex and has generally been neglected. To help resolve this problem, we discuss the evaluation of networks of community‐based, mostly publicly funded health, human service, and public welfare organizations. Consistent with pressures to perform effectively from a broad range of key stakeh…
Managing the hollow state Collaboration and contracting
This article presents what the authors have learned about managing networks of public, private and nonprofit service providers in the context of decentralized and devolved governmental regimes - what the authors have termed the hollow state. The characteristics of the hollow state are discussed along with two strategies for managing networks of organizations that jointly produce a public service - collaboration and contracting. The article revisi…
Make or Buy
One of the highlights of
The Evolution of Structural Embeddedness and Organizational Social Outcomes in a Centrally Governed Health and Human Services Network
This research examines the effects, over time, of network embeddedness, on three organizationally based social outcomes. We argue that in a centralized, publicly funded but mixed sector health and human services network, an organization's structural embeddedness in the network, as measured by its centrality, will be related to its trustworthiness, reputation, and influence, as rated by other network members, and that this relationship will streng…
A State of Agents? Sharpening the Debate and Evidence over the Extent and Impact of the Transformation of Governance
We address focal questions about the growth of "third-party" government and new forms or tools of governance and the extent and impact of their increasing use to implement public policy and the "public will." Our goal is to sharpen this discussion by bringing empirical evidence to bear on key arguments and assertions in the debate. In particular, along with the other contributors to this journal issue, we look for evidence that government control…
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