Marcia K Meyers
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 88445 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Marcia K Meyers |
| NOMBRES | Marcia K |
| APELLIDO | Meyers |
| FIRMA | MEYERS M K |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Washington |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 43 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 867 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 43 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1990 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2022 |
| ÍNDICE H | 14 |
Measuring Social Work Competencies
Using data from a large full-time social work program, we examine variation within and across three measures of MSW student competency: field instructor ratings, classroom instructor ratings, and student self-assessments through foundation and advanced years. The use of multiple student-level measures with identical wording and parallel response categories allowed analysis at the level of practice behaviors; by rolling up, or combining, these mea…
The Consequences of Decentralization
Decentralized safety net programs provide much of the social provision in the US, yet the consequences for social provision have received remarkably limited attention. In this article, we examine cross-state inequality in social safety net provision from 1994 to 2014. We ask whether programs that are more decentralized in terms of policy design are more variable across states in terms of the generosity of benefits and inclusiveness of receipt and…
Jezebel at the Welfare Office
Current welfare scholarship lacks an analysis of how caseworkers discuss sexuality-related issues with clients. Seventy-two of 232 transcribed welfare interviews in three states included discussion of reproductive decisions and relationships. Overall, caseworkers' language reflected negative myths regarding African American women's sexuality and motherhood. By virtue of their status as welfare recipients, regardless of their individual races, cli…
Are We Asking the Right Questions about Poverty in America
The US poverty rate is persistently higher than poverty rates of comparably wealthy European countries. This essay reviews three books about why poverty is so high and what we have done about it: Poverty in America: A Handbook (third edition), by John Iceland; Legacies of the War on Poverty, edited by Martha J. Bailey and Sheldon Danziger; and The Undeserving Poor: America’s Enduring Confrontation with Poverty, Fully Updated and Revised (second e…
Profile
Henry Brady's career is a testament to the virtues of big social science—big questions, big datasets, big toolkits, big institutions. While much of political science still functions as a cottage industry, he has played a leading role in the second generation of our discipline's post-war industrial revolution. Building on the varied contributions of such earlier stalwarts as Warren Miller, David Truman, Gabriel Almond, and Paul Lazarsfeld, Brady h…
Creating Gender Egalitarian Societies
In this article, we describe the social and economic changes that have contributed to contemporary problems of work-family conflict, gender inequality, and risks to children's healthy development. We draw on feminist welfare state scholarship to outline an institutional arrangement that would support an earner-carer society -a social arrangement in which women and men engage symmetrically in paid work and unpaid caregiving and where young childre…
Subsidized Housing and Household Hardship Among Low-Income Single-Mother Households
We investigate associations of housing assistance with housing and food-related hardship among low-income single-mother households using data from the National Survey of America's Families (N = 5,396). Results from instrumental variables models suggest that receipt of unit-based assistance, such as traditional public housing, is associated with a large decrease in rent burden and modest decreases in difficulty paying rent or utilities and residen…
Public Funding and Enrollment in Formal Child Care in the 1990s
Although the share of all 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children enrolled in center‐based care and early education has grown steadily in recent decades, rates of enrollment for children from low‐income families still lag behind those for children from families with high incomes. During the 1990s, growing public funding for compensatory preschool education and means‐tested child‐care assistance had the potential to increase the availability of free or low‐cos…
Housing Assistance and Employment
This article uses instrumental variables models and data from the National Survey of America’s Families to explore associations between rental housing assistance and employment among low‐income, single‐mother households in the United States. Results suggest that housing assistance has indirect effects on employment. These effects operate through the stability of housing residency. However, the analyses provide little evidence of direct associatio…
Choice and Accommodation in Parental Child Care Decisions
As women approach parity with men in their representation in the U.S. labor force, child care has become a critical concern both for families and for community development professionals. In this paper, we review recent literature on parental child care decisions and on socio-economic differences in child care utilization. We contrast two bodies of theoretical and empirical research on the determinants of child care arrangements, comparing models …
Welfare Regimes in Relation to Paid Work and Care
Ideologies on work, caregiving, family, and gender relations vary across countries and over time. Contemporary perspectives typically stress child well-being; women’s caregiving burden; or gender equality; the tensions among these can be resolved in societies that combine intensive parental time for children with gender-egalitarian divisions of labor. Social and labor market policies that would support such a society are the most developed in the…
Entre travail rémunéré et responsabilités familiales, le rôle des États providence
Les idéologies sur le travail, la prise en charge des enfants, la famille et les relations hommes-femmes sont différentes selon les pays et les époques. Les approches contemporaines se caractérisent par l'importance accordée au bien-être de l'enfant, aux responsabilités familiales assumées par les femmes ou à l'égalité hommes-femmes. Pour résoudre les contradictions entre ces trois priorités, la société doit à la fois permettre aux parents de con…
Who Pays? The Visible and Invisible Costs of Child Care
Although the majority of young children now spend time in nonparental child care, we know relatively little about who provides this care and how its costs are distributed among parents, government, and other family members. In this article we use data from a survey of New York City families with children younger than six to estimate the contribution of parental expenditures, government assistance, and the market value of 'donated' caregiving time…
Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child-Care Assistance Policies
Given the fragmented structure of child-care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child-care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child-care assistance. Consideri…
Who Gets an Early Education? Family Income and the Enrollment of Three‐ to Five‐Year‐Olds from 1968 to 2000
Objectives. Has inequality in access to early education been growing or lessening over time? Methods. Using the October Current Population Survey education supplement from 1968 to 2000, we look at three‐, four‐, and five‐year‐olds' enrollment in early education—including center‐based care, Head Start, nursery school, prekindergarten, and kindergarten. Results. Our analysis shows a strong link between family income and early education enrollment f…
Inequality in Preschool Education and School Readiness
Attendance in U.S. preschools has risen substantially in recent decades, but gaps in enrollment between children from advantaged and disadvantaged families remain. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, we analyze the effect of participation in child care and early education on children’s school readiness as measured by early reading and math skills in kindergarten and first grade. We find that ch…
The Implementation of Welfare Reform Policy
This study examines the extent to which staff in local welfare systems have embraced new welfare reform goals and, if so, the extent to which local management practices contribute to the alignment of staff priorities with policy objectives. It looks at agency structure and several aspects of public management from a microperspective that prior research has linked to agency performance including training, performance monitoring, staff resources, l…
Industrial Relations, Politics, and Government
Street-Level Bureaucrats and the Implementation of Public Policy
Welfare Regimes in Relation to Paid Work and Care
Working but Poor
Child Care Policy Reform and the Employment of Single Mothers
Objective. We estimate how the expansion of public child care subsidies from 1991–1996 contributed to single mothers' employment rates, controlling for other policy changes. Methods. Using new measures of child care spending that distinguish between subsidies for welfare‐reliant and working‐poor families, we compare their effect on the employment rates of single mothers with young children to those without. Results. We find that spending on child…
Public or Private Responsibility? Early Childhood Education and Care, Inequality, and the Welfare State
Although early childhood education and care provision (ECEC) is increasing in all the industrialized welfare states, institutional arrangements for providing and financing services still vary substantially across countries at similar levels of economic development. These policies have potentially important implications for the reduction of income and labor market inequalities. In this paper we document variation in the institutional arrangements …
Child Care Subsidies and the Employment of Welfare Recipients
Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any ch…
Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients
Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any ch…
Supporting the Employment of Mothers
This article compares 14 OECD countries, as of the middle-to-late 1980s, with respect to their provision of policies that support moth ers' employment: parental leave, child care, and the scheduling of public education. Newly gathered data on 18 policy indicators are pre sented. The indicators are then standardized, weighted, and summed into indices. By differ entiating policies that affect maternal employ ment from family policies more generally…
Choice and Accommodation in Parental Child Care Decisions
As women approach parity with men in their representation in the U.S. labor force, child care has become a critical concern both for families and for community development professionals. In this paper, we review recent literature on parental child care decisions and on socio-economic differences in child care utilization. We contrast two bodies of theoretical and empirical research on the determinants of child care arrangements, comparing models …
Creating Gender Egalitarian Societies
In this article, we describe the social and economic changes that have contributed to contemporary problems of work-family conflict, gender inequality, and risks to children's healthy development. We draw on feminist welfare state scholarship to outline an institutional arrangement that would support an earner-carer society -a social arrangement in which women and men engage symmetrically in paid work and unpaid caregiving and where young childre…
Achieving Goal Congruencein Complex Environments
Public management and implementation scholars suggest that congruence between the formal goals of policy officials and the operative goals of implementing agencies may be a prerequisite for the achievement of policy objectives. Substantial research also suggests that the achievement of goal congruence can be difficult in complex implementation contexts. In this article, we compare aspects of the government and management of organizations deliveri…
Inequality in Preschool Education and School Readiness
Attendance in U.S. preschools has risen substantially in recent decades, but gaps in enrollment between children from advantaged and disadvantaged families remain. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999, we analyze the effect of participation in child care and early education on children’s school readiness as measured by early reading and math skills in kindergarten and first grade. We find that ch…
Packaging Support for Low‐Income Families
This paper addresses a gap in state‐level comparative social policy research by analyzing policies that support low‐income families with children. Variation in state policy “packages” is measured by considering three characteristics of 11 social programs. Individual measures of policy are found to be weakly and inconsistently inter‐correlated at the state level, but when cluster analysis is used to analyze multiple dimensions simultaneously, five…
Expensive Children in Poor Families
A significant minority of poor families care for children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. This study is among the first to explore private costs resulting from children's disabilities among low-income families. We find that almost half of the sample of California AFDC families with special-needs children incurred some direct, out-of-pocket expenses in the preceding month, and about 20% incurred total costs exceeding $100. We also estimat…
The Consequences of Decentralization
Decentralized safety net programs provide much of the social provision in the US, yet the consequences for social provision have received remarkably limited attention. In this article, we examine cross-state inequality in social safety net provision from 1994 to 2014. We ask whether programs that are more decentralized in terms of policy design are more variable across states in terms of the generosity of benefits and inclusiveness of receipt and…
Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients
Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any ch…
Who Gets an Early Education? Family Income and the Enrollment of Three‐ to Five‐Year‐Olds from 1968 to 2000
Objectives. Has inequality in access to early education been growing or lessening over time? Methods. Using the October Current Population Survey education supplement from 1968 to 2000, we look at three‐, four‐, and five‐year‐olds' enrollment in early education—including center‐based care, Head Start, nursery school, prekindergarten, and kindergarten. Results. Our analysis shows a strong link between family income and early education enrollment f…
The Performance of the Child‐Care Subsidy System
Government funding has increased substantially in recent years for child‐care subsidies targeted on the poor. Given the importance of child care for the achievement of public policy goals, including the promotion of families' economic self‐sufficiency outside the welfare system, the performance of the child‐care subsidy system deserves scrutiny. We use data from household‐level surveys to compare the target efficiency, coverage adequacy, and equi…
Public Funding and Enrollment in Formal Child Care in the 1990s
Although the share of all 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children enrolled in center‐based care and early education has grown steadily in recent decades, rates of enrollment for children from low‐income families still lag behind those for children from families with high incomes. During the 1990s, growing public funding for compensatory preschool education and means‐tested child‐care assistance had the potential to increase the availability of free or low‐cos…
The Cost of Caring
Children in poor families are at heightened risk for disabilities and chronic health problems, and care for these children can impose substantial costs on families and public programs. Although the prevalence and costs of disabilities among poor children have important policy implications, they have been largely overlooked in research on poverty and welfare and on the costs of childhood disabilities. This article analyzes the prevalence of childh…
Child Care in Jobs Employment and Training Program
Under the provisions of the Family Support Act of 1988, AFDC recipients in JOBS welfare-to-work programs are entitled to child care assistance during their education and job search activities. Data from a 1-year panel study of a JOBS program indicate that participants increased their use of substitute care and their use of licensed day care homes and centers, after beginning job readiness activities. The care they obtained was highly variable in …
Child Care Policy Reform and the Employment of Single Mothers
Objective. We estimate how the expansion of public child care subsidies from 1991–1996 contributed to single mothers' employment rates, controlling for other policy changes. Methods. Using new measures of child care spending that distinguish between subsidies for welfare‐reliant and working‐poor families, we compare their effect on the employment rates of single mothers with young children to those without. Results. We find that spending on child…
More, Less, or More of the Same? Trends in State Social Welfare Policy in the 1990s
Major reforms to cash assistance and other welfare programs in the 1990s raise questions about whether states gained new flexibility in setting social policies, and, if so, how they exercised this flexibility. We extend prior research on state social policy by examining trends during the middle to late 1990s in five areas of cash or near-cash policy affecting the economic security of low-income families. We find evidence of substantial change in …
Child Care in the Wake of Welfare Reform
Using microsimulation techniques to estimate the impact of welfare reform in New York, we find that 5 years after federal and state reforms child-care use and costs will rise substantially and families will bear most of these costs. When family incomes are adjusted for child-care costs, most single-mother families will continue to be poor even with greater earnings, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and food stamps. The distribution of child-care cos…
Organizational Factors in the Integration of Services for Children
Service coordination is a recurring, but elusive, goal for the multiple social and health systems that provide services for children. One key to understanding the failure to integrate services is found in the dynamics of complex organizations and organizational networks. In this article, I apply concepts from three traditions in organization theory to identify structural, resource, and implementation variables that serve as either incentives or b…
Public or Private Responsibility? Early Childhood Education and Care, Inequality, and the Welfare State
Although early childhood education and care provision (ECEC) is increasing in all the industrialized welfare states, institutional arrangements for providing and financing services still vary substantially across countries at similar levels of economic development. These policies have potentially important implications for the reduction of income and labor market inequalities. In this paper we document variation in the institutional arrangements …
Lesson‐drawing in family policy
Since 1980, the U.S. press has painted a vivid picture of widespread welfare state dismantling in Europe. Yet our analysis of social expenditures in 14 European countries from 1980–1995 finds a pattern of resilience and, with respect to family benefits, a pattern of expansion. Our review of qualitative research on policy reforms upholds the expenditure‐based findings. We conclude that U.S. media misrepresentation of social welfare developments in…
Jezebel at the Welfare Office
Current welfare scholarship lacks an analysis of how caseworkers discuss sexuality-related issues with clients. Seventy-two of 232 transcribed welfare interviews in three states included discussion of reproductive decisions and relationships. Overall, caseworkers' language reflected negative myths regarding African American women's sexuality and motherhood. By virtue of their status as welfare recipients, regardless of their individual races, cli…
Who Gets What From Government? Distributional Consequences of Child-Care Assistance Policies
Given the fragmented structure of child-care assistance in the United States, it has been difficult to obtain accurate estimates of which families are assisted, through which mechanisms, and at what level. Making use of survey data from New York City, we analyze the distribution of several forms of public child-care assistance. Results suggest that about 40% of all families with young children receive some form of child-care assistance. Consideri…
Working but Poor
Housing Assistance and Employment
This article uses instrumental variables models and data from the National Survey of America’s Families to explore associations between rental housing assistance and employment among low‐income, single‐mother households in the United States. Results suggest that housing assistance has indirect effects on employment. These effects operate through the stability of housing residency. However, the analyses provide little evidence of direct associatio…
Subsidized Housing and Household Hardship Among Low-Income Single-Mother Households
We investigate associations of housing assistance with housing and food-related hardship among low-income single-mother households using data from the National Survey of America's Families (N = 5,396). Results from instrumental variables models suggest that receipt of unit-based assistance, such as traditional public housing, is associated with a large decrease in rent burden and modest decreases in difficulty paying rent or utilities and residen…
The ABCs of Child Care in a Mixed Economy
Increasing employment among parents of young children has fueled demand for child care and increased pressure on government and private employers to help defray child-care costs. Child care currently operates within a mixed economy of welfare provision that combines public transfers, market transactions, corporate welfare benefits, and private family and community arrangements. Recent efforts to expand federal child-care assistance have done litt…
Organizational Factors in the Integration of Services for Children
Service coordination is a recurring, but elusive, goal for the multiple social and health systems that provide services for children. One key to understanding the failure to integrate services is found in the dynamics of complex organizations and organizational networks. In this article, I apply concepts from three traditions in organization theory to identify structural, resource, and implementation variables that serve as either incentives or b…
Child Care in Jobs Employment and Training Program
Under the provisions of the Family Support Act of 1988, AFDC recipients in JOBS welfare-to-work programs are entitled to child care assistance during their education and job search activities. Data from a 1-year panel study of a JOBS program indicate that participants increased their use of substitute care and their use of licensed day care homes and centers, after beginning job readiness activities. The care they obtained was highly variable in …
Child Care, Parental Choice, and Consumer Education in Jobs Welfare-to-Work Programs
The emphasis in state and federal welfare reform on moving parents with young children into the labor market has elevated child care from a peripheral to a central concern in welfare policy. This article examines issues of child-care adequacy, parental choice, and consumer education in welfare reform. An analysis of longitudinal data from three welfare-to-work programs reveals wide variations in the reported adequacy of child care used by program…
Everybody's Children
Supporting the Employment of Mothers
This article compares 14 OECD countries, as of the middle-to-late 1980s, with respect to their provision of policies that support moth ers' employment: parental leave, child care, and the scheduling of public education. Newly gathered data on 18 policy indicators are pre sented. The indicators are then standardized, weighted, and summed into indices. By differ entiating policies that affect maternal employ ment from family policies more generally…
On the front lines of welfare delivery
The impact of policy changes on the local delivery of services has been overlooked in several decades of largely unsuccessful efforts to “reform” welfare. This article uses one case of state-level welfare reform in the early 1990s to examine the implementation of policy changes in local welfare offices. Direct observation of transactions between welfare workers and clients suggests that policy reforms were not fully implemented by street-level bu…
On the front lines of welfare delivery
The impact of policy changes on the local delivery of services has been overlooked in several decades of largely unsuccessful efforts to “reform” welfare. This article uses one case of state-level welfare reform in the early 1990s to examine the implementation of policy changes in local welfare offices. Direct observation of transactions between welfare workers and clients suggests that policy reforms were not fully implemented by street-level bu…
The Cost of Caring
Children in poor families are at heightened risk for disabilities and chronic health problems, and care for these children can impose substantial costs on families and public programs. Although the prevalence and costs of disabilities among poor children have important policy implications, they have been largely overlooked in research on poverty and welfare and on the costs of childhood disabilities. This article analyzes the prevalence of childh…
Public Childcare, Parental Leave, and Employment
Analyses the effects of parental leave and public childcare on mothers’ employment across 14 countries, including the 12 countries discussed in the first 3 chapters. The results suggest that policy configurations influence the patterns of employment of mothers. The analysis of national policy performance also reveals a cluster of countries—Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, and Sweden—that cut across welfare state regimes.
The Performance of the Child‐Care Subsidy System
Government funding has increased substantially in recent years for child‐care subsidies targeted on the poor. Given the importance of child care for the achievement of public policy goals, including the promotion of families' economic self‐sufficiency outside the welfare system, the performance of the child‐care subsidy system deserves scrutiny. We use data from household‐level surveys to compare the target efficiency, coverage adequacy, and equi…
Expensive Children in Poor Families
A significant minority of poor families care for children with disabilities and chronic illnesses. This study is among the first to explore private costs resulting from children's disabilities among low-income families. We find that almost half of the sample of California AFDC families with special-needs children incurred some direct, out-of-pocket expenses in the preceding month, and about 20% incurred total costs exceeding $100. We also estimat…
Lesson‐drawing in family policy
Since 1980, the U.S. press has painted a vivid picture of widespread welfare state dismantling in Europe. Yet our analysis of social expenditures in 14 European countries from 1980–1995 finds a pattern of resilience and, with respect to family benefits, a pattern of expansion. Our review of qualitative research on policy reforms upholds the expenditure‐based findings. We conclude that U.S. media misrepresentation of social welfare developments in…
Packaging Support for Low‐Income Families
This paper addresses a gap in state‐level comparative social policy research by analyzing policies that support low‐income families with children. Variation in state policy “packages” is measured by considering three characteristics of 11 social programs. Individual measures of policy are found to be weakly and inconsistently inter‐correlated at the state level, but when cluster analysis is used to analyze multiple dimensions simultaneously, five…
Packaging Support for Low‐Income Families
This paper addresses a gap in state-level comparative social policy research by analyzing policies that support low-income families with children. Variation in state policy “packages” is measured by considering three characteristics of 11 social programs. Individual measures of policy are found to be weakly and inconsistently inter-correlated at the state level, but when cluster analysis is used to analyze multiple dimensions simultaneously, five…
Child Care in the Wake of Welfare Reform
Using microsimulation techniques to estimate the impact of welfare reform in New York, we find that 5 years after federal and state reforms child-care use and costs will rise substantially and families will bear most of these costs. When family incomes are adjusted for child-care costs, most single-mother families will continue to be poor even with greater earnings, the Earned Income Tax Credit, and food stamps. The distribution of child-care cos…
Achieving Goal Congruencein Complex Environments
Public management and implementation scholars suggest that congruence between the formal goals of policy officials and the operative goals of implementing agencies may be a prerequisite for the achievement of policy objectives. Substantial research also suggests that the achievement of goal congruence can be difficult in complex implementation contexts. In this article, we compare aspects of the government and management of organizations deliveri…
Child Care Subsidies and the Employment of Welfare Recipients
Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any ch…
Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients
Changing patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any ch…
More, Less, or More of the Same? Trends in State Social Welfare Policy in the 1990s
Major reforms to cash assistance and other welfare programs in the 1990s raise questions about whether states gained new flexibility in setting social policies, and, if so, how they exercised this flexibility. We extend prior research on state social policy by examining trends during the middle to late 1990s in five areas of cash or near-cash policy affecting the economic security of low-income families. We find evidence of substantial change in …
Street-Level Bureaucrats and the Implementation of Public Policy
Welfare Regimes in Relation to Paid Work and Care
Working but Poor
Child Care Policy Reform and the Employment of Single Mothers
Objective. We estimate how the expansion of public child care subsidies from 1991–1996 contributed to single mothers' employment rates, controlling for other policy changes. Methods. Using new measures of child care spending that distinguish between subsidies for welfare‐reliant and working‐poor families, we compare their effect on the employment rates of single mothers with young children to those without. Results. We find that spending on child…
Public or Private Responsibility? Early Childhood Education and Care, Inequality, and the Welfare State
Although early childhood education and care provision (ECEC) is increasing in all the industrialized welfare states, institutional arrangements for providing and financing services still vary substantially across countries at similar levels of economic development. These policies have potentially important implications for the reduction of income and labor market inequalities. In this paper we document variation in the institutional arrangements …
Economics (35 obras) · Political science (30 obras) · Welfare (26 obras) · Demographic economics (22 obras) · Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics (22 obras) · Economic growth (20 obras) · Medicine (18 obras) · Psychology (18 obras) · Sociology (17 obras) · Business (15 obras)