Robert Cervero
Biographic Data
| ID | 1003341 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert Cervero |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert |
| FAMILY NAME | Cervero |
| SIGNATURE | CERVERO R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Berkeley |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 53 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1155 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
America's Suburban Centers: The Land Use-Transportation Link
“Does Compact Development Make People Drive Less?” The Answer Is Yes
For decades, the relationship between travel and the built environment has been one of the most studied in urban planning. Built environments that are high on the D-variables—development density, l...
Just a better taxi? A survey-based comparison of taxis, transit, and ridesourcing services in San Francisco
Do people consider an acceptable travel time? Evidence from Berkeley, CA
Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries
The mobility challenges of the developing world are considerably different than those in wealthier, advanced countries, and so are the challenges of coordinating transportation and land use. Rapid population growth, poverty and income disparities, overcrowded urban cores, poorly designed road networks, spatial mismatches between housing and jobs, deteriorating environmental conditions, and economic losses from extreme traffic by congestion are am…
Half-Mile Circle: Does It Best Represent Transit Station Catchments?
The 0.5-mile distance has become accepted for gauging a transit station's catchment area in the United States and is the de facto standard for the planning of U.S. transit-oriented developments (TODs). Planners and researchers use transit catchment areas not only to make predictions about transit ridership and transit impacts (socioeconomic and on land use) but also to prescribe regulations (e.g., relaxing restrictive zoning or carving out TODs f…
Bus rapid transit impacts on land uses and land values in Seoul, Korea
Green TODs: Marrying transit-oriented development and green urbanism
Transit-oriented development (TOD) and green urbanism have gained attention as development models for charting a more sustainable urban future. These two built forms, however, are often dealt with separately, as distinct topics. This paper explores synergies that are created when neighbourhoods are designed as both green and transit-oriented and how ‘Green TOD’ can reduce a project's environmental footprint more than each strategy can achieve ind…
To T or Not to T: A Ballpark Assessment of the Costs and Benefits of Urban Rail Transportation
The debate over the costs and benefits of rail passenger transit is lively, deep, and often ideological. As with most polemical debates, the truth probably lies somewhere in the middle of extreme views. Some rail systems have benefits that outweigh their costs, while others do not. Applying a commonly used transit-fare price elasticity to 24 of the largest light and heavy rail systems in the United States and Puerto Rico, assuming a linear demand…
Driving CO2 reduction by Integrating Transport and Urban Design strategies
Effects of Residential Relocation on Household and Commuting Expenditures in Shanghai, China
Over the past three decades, China's cities have undergone massive spatial restructuring in the wake of market reforms and economic growth. One consequence has been a rapid migration of urban residents to the periphery. Some movers have been forced out either by rising urban rents or government reclamation of their residences. Others have relocated willingly to modernized housing or for other lifestyle reasons. This article examines the effects o…
Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis
Problem: Localities and states are turning to land planning and urban design for help in reducing automobile use and related social and environmental costs. The effects of such strategies on travel demand have not been generalized in recent years from the multitude of available studies. Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis of the built environment-travel literature existing at the end of 2009 in order to draw generalizable conclusions for practi…
Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas
Concerns over rising fuel prices and greenhouse-gas emissions have prompted research into the influences of built environments on travel, notably vehicle miles traveled (VMT). On the basis of data from 370 US urbanized areas and using structural equation modeling, population densities are shown to be strongly and positively associated with VMT per capita (direct effect elasticity = ⊟0.604); however, this effect is moderated by the traffic-inducin…
Influences of Built Environments on Walking and Cycling: Lessons from Bogotá
Bogotá, Colombia, is well known for its sustainable urban transport systems, including an extensive network of bike lanes and set-aside street space for recreational cyclists and pedestrians on Sundays and holidays, called Ciclovía (“cycleway”). This paper examines how such facilities along with other attributes of the built environment—urban densities, land-use mixes, accessibility, and proximity to transit—are associated with walking and cyclin…
Rail and Property Development in Hong Kong: Experiences and Extensions
Hong Kong has aggressively pursued transit value capture to finance railway infrastructure through its ‘Rail + Property’ development programme, or R+P. More than half of all income to the railway operators comes from property development. Most R+P projects focus on housing although all have some commercial development. Recent generation R+P projects have stressed pedestrian quality. This research shows this has in turn increased ridership and hou…
From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea
In 2003—04, the Cheong Gye Cheon elevated freeway in Seoul, Korea, was torn down and replaced by an urban stream and linear park. This bold initiative aimed to enhance the quality of central-city living by replacing a mobility asset that was also a nuisance with an attractive urban amenity. This research analyses the impacts of the freeway-to-greenway conversion on commercial and residential property values using multilevel hedonic price models. …
Transport Infrastructure and Global Competitiveness: Balancing Mobility and Livability
In the United States, public infrastructure has been a necessary, though not sufficient, catalyst to economic growth and expansion, particularly in urban areas. However, infrastructure investments, and particularly highway construction, absent much in the way of proactive planning and farsighted land-use management, have for the most part also been sprawl-inducing. This article argues for carving a new relationship between public infrastructure a…
Suburbanization and transit-oriented development in China
Informal transport: A global perspective
Transit-Oriented Development's Ridership Bonus: A Product of Self-Selection and Public Policies
Transit-oriented development is shown to produce an appreciable ridership bonus in California. This is partly due to residential self-selection-that is, a lifestyle preference for transit-oriented living-as well as factors like employer-based policies that reduce free parking and automobile subsidies. Half-mile catchments of station areas appear to be indifference zones in the sense that residents generally ride transit regardless of local urban …
'Which Reduces Vehicle Travel More: Jobs-Housing Balance or Retail-Housing Mixing?
Which land-use strategy yields greater reductions in vehicular travel: improving the proximity of jobs to housing or bringing retail and consumer services closer to residential areas? We probe this question by examining the degree to which job accessibility is associated with reduced work travel and how closely retail and service accessibility is correlated with miles and hours logged getting to shopping destinations. Based on data from the San F…
Alternative Approaches to Modeling the Travel-Demand Impacts of Smart Growth
Four-step travel demand forecasting models were never meant to estimate the travel impacts of neighborhood-level smart growth initiatives like transit villages, but rather to guide regional highway and transit investments. While progress has been made in enhancing large-scale models, some analysts have turned to post-processing and direct models to reduce modeling time and cost, and to better capture the travel impacts of neighborhood-scale land …
An Ecological Approach to Creating Active Living Communities
The thesis of this article is that multilevel interventions based on ecological models and targeting individuals, social environments, physical environments, and policies must be implemented to achieve population change in physical activity. A model is proposed that identifies potential environmental and policy influences on four domains of active living: recreation, transport, occupation, and household. Multilevel research and interventions requ…
Neighbourhood Composition and Residential Land Prices: Does Exclusion Raise or Lower Values
Hedonic price models are used to explore the degree to which land-use and racial composition, used as outcome proxies for local zoning practices, influence residential land values in Santa Clara County, California. Fiscal pressures have prompted many California communities to zone on the basis of tax-yield potential, especially in fast-growing settings like Santa Clara County. Controlling for variables related to job accessibility as well as prox…
Walking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence From the San Francisco Bay Area
Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between urban environments and nonmotorized travel. We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to…
Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis
Problem: Localities and states are turning to land planning and urban design for help in reducing automobile use and related social and environmental costs. The effects of such strategies on travel demand have not been generalized in recent years from the multitude of available studies. Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis of the built environment-travel literature existing at the end of 2009 in order to draw generalizable conclusions for practi…
Transportation as a Stimulus of Welfare-to-Work: Private versus Public Mobility
Using a rich panel of data on welfare recipients in Alameda County, California, this article examines the importance of transportation policy variables in explaining the ability of some individuals to find gainful employment. A multinomial logit model predicts the probability that someone found a job as a function of car ownership, transit service quality, regional job accessibility by different transportation modes, human-capital factors, and va…
Sub-centring and Commuting: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area, 1980-90
Like many large US metropolitan areas, the San Francisco Bay Area has experienced rapid suburban employment growth since 1980, much of it concentrated in sub-centres. This paper shows that, contrary to the co-location hypothesis, employment decentralisation has not been associated with shorter average commute distances or durations in the Bay Area. Combining statistics on shifts in modal splits and average vehicle occupancy levels reveals that pa…
Walking, Bicycling, and Urban Landscapes: Evidence From the San Francisco Bay Area
Some claim that cardependent cities contribute to obesity by discouraging walking and bicycling. In this article, we use household activity data from the San Francisco region to study the links between urban environments and nonmotorized travel. We used factor analysis to represent the urban design and land-use diversity dimensions of built environments. Combining factor scores with control variables, like steep terrain, that gauge impediments to…
Effects of Built Environments on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from 370 US Urbanized Areas
Concerns over rising fuel prices and greenhouse-gas emissions have prompted research into the influences of built environments on travel, notably vehicle miles traveled (VMT). On the basis of data from 370 US urbanized areas and using structural equation modeling, population densities are shown to be strongly and positively associated with VMT per capita (direct effect elasticity = ⊟0.604); however, this effect is moderated by the traffic-inducin…
Rail and Property Development in Hong Kong: Experiences and Extensions
Hong Kong has aggressively pursued transit value capture to finance railway infrastructure through its ‘Rail + Property’ development programme, or R+P. More than half of all income to the railway operators comes from property development. Most R+P projects focus on housing although all have some commercial development. Recent generation R+P projects have stressed pedestrian quality. This research shows this has in turn increased ridership and hou…
Efficient Urbanisation: Economic Performance and the Shape of the Metropolis
The influences of urban form and transport infrastructure on economic performance show up in several contemporary policy debates, notably 'sprawl versus compact city' and in the developing world, the future of mega-cities. This paper probes these relationships using two scales of analysis. At the macro scale, an econometric analysis using data across 47 US metropolitan areas reveals that employment densities and urban primacy are positively assoc…
Tracking Accessibility: Employment and Housing Opportunities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Shifts in job accessibility reflect, in part, the degree to which land use and transportation decisions help bring job opportunities closer to labor forces. In this paper we argue for the wider use of accessibility indicators as part of the long-range transportation planning process. As a case example, changes in job accessibility indices are traced for the San Francisco Bay Area from 1980 to 1990, computed for 100 residential areas and the regio…
Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective
Many new towns are planned as balanced, self-contained communities. This paper examines the association between how self-contained new towns are and how their residents and workers commute, drawing upon experiences in the US, the UK, metropolitan Paris and greater Stockholm. While American new towns are fairly self-contained, their commuting characteristics are largely indistinguishable from less-planned control communities. Britain's most recent…
Transit-Oriented Development's Ridership Bonus: A Product of Self-Selection and Public Policies
Transit-oriented development is shown to produce an appreciable ridership bonus in California. This is partly due to residential self-selection-that is, a lifestyle preference for transit-oriented living-as well as factors like employer-based policies that reduce free parking and automobile subsidies. Half-mile catchments of station areas appear to be indifference zones in the sense that residents generally ride transit regardless of local urban …
Sustainable new towns
Effects of Residential Relocation on Household and Commuting Expenditures in Shanghai, China
Over the past three decades, China's cities have undergone massive spatial restructuring in the wake of market reforms and economic growth. One consequence has been a rapid migration of urban residents to the periphery. Some movers have been forced out either by rising urban rents or government reclamation of their residences. Others have relocated willingly to modernized housing or for other lifestyle reasons. This article examines the effects o…
From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea
In 2003—04, the Cheong Gye Cheon elevated freeway in Seoul, Korea, was torn down and replaced by an urban stream and linear park. This bold initiative aimed to enhance the quality of central-city living by replacing a mobility asset that was also a nuisance with an attractive urban amenity. This research analyses the impacts of the freeway-to-greenway conversion on commercial and residential property values using multilevel hedonic price models. …
Do people consider an acceptable travel time? Evidence from Berkeley, CA
Driving CO2 reduction by Integrating Transport and Urban Design strategies
Transport Infrastructure and Global Competitiveness: Balancing Mobility and Livability
In the United States, public infrastructure has been a necessary, though not sufficient, catalyst to economic growth and expansion, particularly in urban areas. However, infrastructure investments, and particularly highway construction, absent much in the way of proactive planning and farsighted land-use management, have for the most part also been sprawl-inducing. This article argues for carving a new relationship between public infrastructure a…
Neighbourhood Composition and Residential Land Prices: Does Exclusion Raise or Lower Values
Hedonic price models are used to explore the degree to which land-use and racial composition, used as outcome proxies for local zoning practices, influence residential land values in Santa Clara County, California. Fiscal pressures have prompted many California communities to zone on the basis of tax-yield potential, especially in fast-growing settings like Santa Clara County. Controlling for variables related to job accessibility as well as prox…
Congestion Relief: The Land Use Alternative
Fundamental changes in traffic patterns in recent years suggest that a different arsenal will be needed in battling America's future congestion problems. This paper argues that in the absence of congestion pricing, coordinated land use planning can provide the most lasting mobility dividends over the long run. Land use planning needs to be resurrected as a bonafide approach to managing traffic. Shifts in the location of workplaces from downtowns …
Transit Villages in the 21st Century
In this book, the authors propose the as an organizing principle for creating places--built environments, social environments, and economic environments--that embrace and evolve around mass transit systems. The book is organized in five parts. Part One presents the transit village as a paradigm for creating attractive and sustainable communities, both in the city and the suburbs, where rail transit systems are or will be in place. The most import…
Suburban Employment Centers: Probing the Influence of Site Features on the Journey-to-Work
This paper argues that the low-density, single-use character of most suburban workplaces in the U.S. has contributed to worsening traffic congestion by making most workers highly dependent on their own automobiles for accessing jobs. To test this proposition, land use and transportation data are examined for fifty of the largest suburban employment centers in the nation. Differences in the share of trips made by various modes, commuting speeds, a…
America's Suburban Centres: The Land-Use Transportation Link
Flat versus differentiated transit pricing: What's a fair fare
Efficiency and Equity Implications of Transit Fare Policies
Views on transit tax financing in the U.S
Recounting Federal Policy on Transit Operating Assistance
Federal involvement in financing the nation’s public transit services grew from several small demonstration programs in the early seventies to a massive $1.1 billion commitment by the end of the decade. The Reagan Administration’s proposal to eliminate all operating subsidies by the mid-eighties, however, marks a sharp departure in federal philosophy, and has rekindled the seemingly perennial debate on what the federal role should be. The evoluti…
Paying for Off-Site Road Improvements Through Fees, Assessments, and Negotiations: Lessons from California
CALIFORNIA EXPERIENCE WITH ASSESSMENTS, EXACTIONS, AND IMPACT FEES FOR OFF-SITE ROAD IMPROVEMENTS. PRE-ESTABLISHED FORMULAS AND CONSISTENT STANDARDS, AS OPPOSED TO AD HOC NEGITIATIONS, ARE RECOMMENDED BY THOSE ADMINISTERING SUCH PROGRAMS
Suburban Gridlock
Jobs-Housing Balancing and Regional Mobility
Despite the steady migration of jobs to the suburbs over the past decade, many suburban residents commute farther than ever. In this article I attribute the widening separation of suburban workplaces and the residences of suburban workers to several factors: fiscal and exclusionary zoning that results in an undersupply of housing; rents and housing costs that price many service workers out of the local residential market; and several demographic …
Suburban Employment Centers: Probing the Influence of Site Features on the Journey-to-Work
This paper argues that the low-density, single-use character of most suburban workplaces in the U.S. has contributed to worsening traffic congestion by making most workers highly dependent on their own automobiles for accessing jobs. To test this proposition, land use and transportation data are examined for fifty of the largest suburban employment centers in the nation. Differences in the share of trips made by various modes, commuting speeds, a…
Cities and transport
America's Suburban Centres: The Land-Use Transportation Link
Congestion Relief: The Land Use Alternative
Fundamental changes in traffic patterns in recent years suggest that a different arsenal will be needed in battling America's future congestion problems. This paper argues that in the absence of congestion pricing, coordinated land use planning can provide the most lasting mobility dividends over the long run. Land use planning needs to be resurrected as a bonafide approach to managing traffic. Shifts in the location of workplaces from downtowns …
Commuting in Transit Versus Automobile Neighborhoods
In recent years, there has been a chorus of calls to redesign America's suburbs so that they are less dependent on automobile access and more conducive to transit riding, walking, and bicycling. This article compares commuting characteristics of transit-oriented and auto-oriented suburban neighborhoods, in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Southern California. Transit neighborhoods averaged higher densities and had more gridded street patterns co…
Sustainable new towns
Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective
Many new towns are planned as balanced, self-contained communities. This paper examines the association between how self-contained new towns are and how their residents and workers commute, drawing upon experiences in the US, the UK, metropolitan Paris and greater Stockholm. While American new towns are fairly self-contained, their commuting characteristics are largely indistinguishable from less-planned control communities. Britain's most recent…
Transport for a Sustainable Future: The Case for Europe
Transport and sustainability global warming air pollution noise time pollution transport and health the cost of transport transport and Europe. Appendices: chemicals present in vehicle exhausts air pollutant factsheets
Travel choices in pedestrian versus automobile oriented neighborhoods
Mixed land-uses and commuting: Evidence from the American Housing Survey
Jobs-Housing Balance Revisited: Trends and Impacts in the San Francisco Bay Area
Regions in California have recently set jobs-housing balance targets, to relieve traffic congestion and improve air quality. Critics of such targets charge that many factors prevent people from living near their workplaces, and that market forces, left unobstructed, work to produce balance—that is, people and firms co-locate to reduce imbalances. This article examines changes in the ratios of jobs to employed residents in 23 large San Francisco B…
Traditional neighborhoods and commuting in the San Francisco Bay area
Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design
Polycentrism, Commuting, and Residential Location in the San Francisco Bay Area
The San Francisco Bay Area has taken on a distinct polycentric metropolitan form, with three tiers of hierarchical employment centers encircling downtown San Francisco, the region's primary center. In this paper it is found that polycentric development is associated with differentials in suburban and urban commute trip times: commute trips made by employees of suburban centers are shorter in duration than commute trips made by their counterparts …
Sub-centring and Commuting: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area, 1980-90
Like many large US metropolitan areas, the San Francisco Bay Area has experienced rapid suburban employment growth since 1980, much of it concentrated in sub-centres. This paper shows that, contrary to the co-location hypothesis, employment decentralisation has not been associated with shorter average commute distances or durations in the Bay Area. Combining statistics on shifts in modal splits and average vehicle occupancy levels reveals that pa…
Transit Villages in the 21st Century
In this book, the authors propose the as an organizing principle for creating places--built environments, social environments, and economic environments--that embrace and evolve around mass transit systems. The book is organized in five parts. Part One presents the transit village as a paradigm for creating attractive and sustainable communities, both in the city and the suburbs, where rail transit systems are or will be in place. The most import…
Tracking Accessibility: Employment and Housing Opportunities in the San Francisco Bay Area
Shifts in job accessibility reflect, in part, the degree to which land use and transportation decisions help bring job opportunities closer to labor forces. In this paper we argue for the wider use of accessibility indicators as part of the long-range transportation planning process. As a case example, changes in job accessibility indices are traced for the San Francisco Bay Area from 1980 to 1990, computed for 100 residential areas and the regio…
Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis
The potential to moderate travel demand through changes in the built environment is the subject of more than 50 recent empirical studies. The majority of recent studies are summarized. Elasticities of travel demand with respect to density, diversity, design, and regional accessibility are then derived from selected studies. These elasticity values may be useful in travel forecasting and sketch planning and have already been incorporated into one …
Urban Transport and Accessibility (39 works) · Engineering (37 works) · Business (35 works) · Geography (35 works) · Transport engineering (35 works) · Transportation Planning and Optimization (32 works) · Economics (31 works) · Public transport (25 works) · Civil engineering (16 works) · Land use (14 works)