Marten Scheffer
Biographic Data
| ID | 106247 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Marten Scheffer |
| GIVEN NAMES | Marten |
| FAMILY NAME | Scheffer |
| SIGNATURE | SCHEFFER M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Wageningen University & Research |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2100-0312 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1361 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Tipping Out of Trouble: How Societies Transformed and How We Can Do So Again
What kind of trouble lies ahead? How can we successfully transition towards a sustainable future? Drawing on a remarkably broad range of insights from complex systems and the functioning of the brain to the history of civilizations and the workings of modern societies, the distinguished scientist Marten Scheffer addresses these key questions of our times. He looks to the past to show how societies have tipped out of trouble before, the mechanisms…
Anticipating the global redistribution of people and property
Safe and just Earth system boundaries
The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked 1–3 , yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently 4,5 . Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintain…
The potential of resilience indicators to anticipate infectious disease outbreaks, a systematic review and guide
To reduce the consequences of infectious disease outbreaks, the timely implementation of public health measures is crucial. Currently used early-warning systems are highly context-dependent and require a long phase of model building. A proposed solution to anticipate the onset or termination of an outbreak is the use of so -called resilience indicators. These indicators are based on the generic theory of critical slowing down and require only inc…
Quantifying the human cost of global warming
The costs of climate change are often estimated in monetary terms, but this raises ethical issues. Here we express them in terms of numbers of people left outside the ‘human climate niche’—defined as the historically highly conserved distribution of relative human population density with respect to mean annual temperature. We show that climate change has already put ~9% of people (>600 million) outside this niche. By end-of-century (2080–2100), c…
Response diversity as a sustainability strategy
Climate Endgame: Exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios
Prudent risk management requires consideration of bad-to-worst-case scenarios. Yet, for climate change, such potential futures are poorly understood. Could anthropogenic climate change result in worldwide societal collapse or even eventual human extinction? At present, this is a dangerously underexplored topic. Yet there are ample reasons to suspect that climate change could result in a global catastrophe. Analyzing the mechanisms for these extre…
A regional Pecs node built from place-based social-ecological sustainability research in Latin America and the Caribbean
Sustainability requires a combination of meaningful co-production of locally relevant solutions, synthesis of insights gained across regions, and increased cooperation between science, policy and practice. The Programme for Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) has been coordinating Place-Based Social-Ecological Sustainability Research (PBSESR) across the globe and emphasizes the need for regional scientific nodes from diverse biocultural regions t…
Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts
Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital—equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth’s current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in pub…
Historical effects of shocks on inequality: The great leveler revisited
Inequality of wealth and its associated power has varied greatly over human history. It is often thought that the main levelers of inequality were natural disasters such as epidemics or earthquakes, and social turmoil such as wars and revolutions. Here we critically review evidence of the effects of such events on inequality from medieval times till the present. We show that in spite of the marked differences in character and direct impact of the…
Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity…
Navigating the chaos of an unfolding global cycle
Walker, B., S. R. Carpenter, C. Folke, L. Gunderson, G. D. Peterson, M. Scheffer, M. Schoon, and F. R. Westley. 2020. Navigating the chaos of an unfolding global cycle. Ecology and Society 25(4):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12072-250423
Institutions and inequality interplay shapes the impact of economic growth on biodiversity loss
Mirza, M. U., A. Richter, E. H. van Nes, and M. Scheffer. 2020. Institutions and inequality interplay shapes the impact of economic growth on biodiversity loss. Ecology and Society 25(4):39. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12078-250439
Transnational corporations and the challenge of biosphere stewardship
Technology driven inequality leads to poverty and resource depletion
How to build a cross-disciplinary institute: The curious case of the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies
Scheffer, M., and N. Mazzeo. 2019. How to build a cross-disciplinary institute: the curious case of the South American Institute for Resilience and Sustainability Studies. Ecology and Society 24(2):34. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10983-240234
Dancing on the volcano: Social Exploration in Times of Discontent
Carpenter, S. R., C. Folke, M. Scheffer, and F. R. Westley. 2019. Dancing on the volcano: social exploration in times of discontent. Ecology and Society 24(1):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10839-240123
Rethinking resource allocation in science
US funding agencies alone distribute a yearly total of roughly $65B dollars largely through the process of proposal peer review: scientists compete for project funding by submitting grant proposals which are evaluated by selected panels of peer reviewers. Similar funding systems are in place in most advanced democracies. However, in spite of its venerable history, proposal peer review is increasingly struggling to deal with the increasing mismatc…
Climate models predict increasing temperature variability in poor countries
Temperature variability will increase in poor countries and decrease in rich countries, creating a new climate injustice.
Trajectories of the Earth System in the Anthropocene
We explore the risk that self-reinforcing feedbacks could push the Earth System toward a planetary threshold that, if crossed, could prevent stabilization of the climate at intermediate temperature rises and cause continued warming on a “Hothouse Earth” pathway even as human emissions are reduced. Crossing the threshold would lead to a much higher global average temperature than any interglacial in the past 1.2 million years and to sea levels sig…
The minute-scale dynamics of online emotions reveal the effects of affect labeling
Coral reefs in the Anthropocene
Teaching originality? Common habits behind creative production in science and arts
Scheffer, M., M. Baas, and T. K. Bjordam. 2017. Teaching originality? Common habits behind creative production in science and arts. Ecology and Society 22(2):29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09258-220229
Major Depression as a Complex Dynamic System
In this paper, we characterize major depression (MD) as a complex dynamic system in which symptoms (e.g., insomnia and fatigue) are directly connected to one another in a network structure. We hypothesize that individuals can be characterized by their own network with unique architecture and resulting dynamics. With respect to architecture, we show that individuals vulnerable to developing MD are those with strong connections between symptoms: e.…
What if solar energy becomes really cheap? A thought experiment on environmental problem shifting
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, F. S. Chapin, III, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. De Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, R. W. Corell, V. J. Fabry, J. Hansen, B. Walker, D. Liverman, K. Richardson, P. Crutzen, and J. Foley. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating space for humani…
Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability
Folke, C., S. R. Carpenter, B. Walker, M. Scheffer, T. Chapin, and J. Rockström. 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4): 20. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03610-150420
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere
The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding and responding to such change for global sustainability and resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of the current situation where people and nature are dynamically intertwined and embedded in the biosphere, placing shocks and extreme events as part of this dynamic; humanity…
Sunk-Cost Effects and Vulnerability to Collapse in Ancient Societies
Synchronous failure: The Emerging Causal Architecture of Global Crisis
Homer-Dixon, T., B. Walker, R. Biggs, A.-S. Crépin, C. Folke, E. F. Lambin, G. D. Peterson, J. Rockström, M. Scheffer, W. Steffen, and M. Troell. 2015. Synchronous failure: the emerging causal architecture of global crisis. Ecology and Society 20(3): 6. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07681-200306
Quantifying the human cost of global warming
The costs of climate change are often estimated in monetary terms, but this raises ethical issues. Here we express them in terms of numbers of people left outside the ‘human climate niche’—defined as the historically highly conserved distribution of relative human population density with respect to mean annual temperature. We show that climate change has already put ~9% of people (>600 million) outside this niche. By end-of-century (2080–2100), c…
What if solar energy becomes really cheap? A thought experiment on environmental problem shifting
Technology driven inequality leads to poverty and resource depletion
Response diversity as a sustainability strategy
Navigating the chaos of an unfolding global cycle
Walker, B., S. R. Carpenter, C. Folke, L. Gunderson, G. D. Peterson, M. Scheffer, M. Schoon, and F. R. Westley. 2020. Navigating the chaos of an unfolding global cycle. Ecology and Society 25(4):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-12072-250423
Dual thinking for scientists
Scheffer, M., J. Bascompte, T. K. Bjordam, S. R. Carpenter, L. B. Clarke, C. Folke, P. Marquet, N. Mazzeo, M. Meerhoff, O. Sala, and F. R. Westley. 2015. Dual thinking for scientists. Ecology and Society 20(2): 3. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07434-200203
Resilience: Accounting for the Noncomputable
Plans to solve complex environmental problems should always consider the role of surprise. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to emphasize known computable aspects of a problem while neglecting aspects that are unknown and failing to ask questions about them. The tendency to ignore the noncomputable can be countered by considering a wide range of perspectives, encouraging transparency with regard to conflicting viewpoints, stimulating a diversity …
The Evolutionary Basis of Rigidity: Locks in Cells, Minds, and Society
Feedbacks leading to alternative stable modes of behavior occur on levels varying from the cell and the mind to societies. The tendency to lock into a certain pattern comes at the cost of the ability to adjust to new situations. The resulting rigidity limits the ability of persons, groups, and companies to respond to new problems, and some even suggest that it may have contributed to the collapse of ancient societies. In the face of these negativ…
Overexploitation of Renewable Resources by Ancient Societies and the Role of Sunk-Cost Effects
One of the most persistent mysteries in the history of humankind is the collapse of ancient societies. It is puzzling that societies reaching such high levels of development disappeared so suddenly. It has been argued that overexploitation of environmental resources has played a role in causing the collapse of such societies. In this paper we propose an explanation for the pattern that overexploitation seems more common in ancient societies that …
Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts
Transformation toward a sustainable future requires an earth stewardship approach to shift society from its current goal of increasing material wealth to a vision of sustaining built, natural, human, and social capital—equitably distributed across society, within and among nations. Widespread concern about earth’s current trajectory and support for actions that would foster more sustainable pathways suggests potential social tipping points in pub…
The minute-scale dynamics of online emotions reveal the effects of affect labeling
Dancing on the volcano: Social Exploration in Times of Discontent
Carpenter, S. R., C. Folke, M. Scheffer, and F. R. Westley. 2019. Dancing on the volcano: social exploration in times of discontent. Ecology and Society 24(1):23. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10839-240123
Adaptive Management of the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon World Heritage Areas
Conventional perceptions of the interactions between people and their environment are rapidly transforming. Old paradigms that view humans as separate from nature, natural resources as inexhaustible or endlessly substitutable, and the world as stable, predictable, and in balance are no longer tenable. New conceptual frameworks are rapidly emerging based on an adaptive approach that focuses on learning and flexible management in a dynamic social-e…
Teaching originality? Common habits behind creative production in science and arts
Scheffer, M., M. Baas, and T. K. Bjordam. 2017. Teaching originality? Common habits behind creative production in science and arts. Ecology and Society 22(2):29. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09258-220229
A message from magic to science: Seeing How the Brain Can Be Tricked May Strengthen Our Thinking
Österblom, H., M. Scheffer, F. R. Westley, M. Van Esso, J. Miller, and J. Bascompte. 2015. A message from magic to science: seeing how the brain can be tricked may strengthen our thinking. Ecology and Society 20(4):16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07943-200416
From Scientific Speculation to Effective Adaptive Management: A case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands
Westley, F., M. Holmgren, and M. Scheffer. 2010. From scientific speculation to effective adaptive management: a case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands. Ecology and Society 15(3): 6. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03168-150306
Searching Explanations of Nature in the Mirror World of Math
"Despite the huge scientific progress of the last century, the dynamics of complex systems such as the atmosphere, human societies, and ecosystems remain difficult to understand and predict. Nonetheless, our ability to carve the future depends largely on our insight into the functioning of such complex systems. Complex systems are the focus of considerable mathematical theory. Rather than referring to any particular part of the world, such theory…
Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems
Sunk-Cost Effects and Vulnerability to Collapse in Ancient Societies
Regime Shifts, Resilience, and Biodiversity in Ecosystem Management
We review the evidence of regime shifts in terrestrial and aquatic environments in relation to resilience of complex adaptive ecosystems and the functional roles of biological diversity in this context. The evidence reveals that the likelihood of regime shifts may increase when humans reduce resilience by such actions as removing response diversity, removing whole functional groups of species, or removing whole trophic levels; impacting on ecosys…
Overexploitation of Renewable Resources by Ancient Societies and the Role of Sunk-Cost Effects
One of the most persistent mysteries in the history of humankind is the collapse of ancient societies. It is puzzling that societies reaching such high levels of development disappeared so suddenly. It has been argued that overexploitation of environmental resources has played a role in causing the collapse of such societies. In this paper we propose an explanation for the pattern that overexploitation seems more common in ancient societies that …
Globalization, Roving Bandits, and Marine Resources
Overfishing is increasingly threatening the world's marine ecosystems (1, 2). The search for the social causes of this crisis has often focused on inappropriate approaches to governance and lack of incentives for conservation (3, 4). Little attention, however, has been paid to the critical impact of sequential exploitation: the spatially expanding depletion of harvested species (5). The economist Mancur Olson (6) argued that local governance crea…
Adaptive Management of the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon World Heritage Areas
Conventional perceptions of the interactions between people and their environment are rapidly transforming. Old paradigms that view humans as separate from nature, natural resources as inexhaustible or endlessly substitutable, and the world as stable, predictable, and in balance are no longer tenable. New conceptual frameworks are rapidly emerging based on an adaptive approach that focuses on learning and flexible management in a dynamic social-e…
The Evolutionary Basis of Rigidity: Locks in Cells, Minds, and Society
Feedbacks leading to alternative stable modes of behavior occur on levels varying from the cell and the mind to societies. The tendency to lock into a certain pattern comes at the cost of the ability to adjust to new situations. The resulting rigidity limits the ability of persons, groups, and companies to respond to new problems, and some even suggest that it may have contributed to the collapse of ancient societies. In the face of these negativ…
Early-warning signals for critical transitions
A safe operating space for humanity
Critical Transitions in Nature and Society
Resilience: Accounting for the Noncomputable
Plans to solve complex environmental problems should always consider the role of surprise. Nevertheless, there is a tendency to emphasize known computable aspects of a problem while neglecting aspects that are unknown and failing to ask questions about them. The tendency to ignore the noncomputable can be countered by considering a wide range of perspectives, encouraging transparency with regard to conflicting viewpoints, stimulating a diversity …
Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity
Rockström, J., W. Steffen, K. Noone, Å. Persson, F. S. Chapin, III, E. Lambin, T. M. Lenton, M. Scheffer, C. Folke, H. Schellnhuber, B. Nykvist, C. A. De Wit, T. Hughes, S. van der Leeuw, H. Rodhe, S. Sörlin, P. K. Snyder, R. Costanza, U. Svedin, M. Falkenmark, L. Karlberg, R. W. Corell, V. J. Fabry, J. Hansen, B. Walker, D. Liverman, K. Richardson, P. Crutzen, and J. Foley. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating space for humani…
Navigating transformations in governance of Chilean marine coastal resources
Marine ecosystems are in decline. New transformational changes in governance are urgently required to cope with overfishing, pollution, global changes, and other drivers of degradation. Here we explore social, political, and ecological aspects of a transformation in governance of Chile's coastal marine resources, from 1980 to today. Critical elements in the initial preparatory phase of the transformation were ( i ) recognition of the depletion of…
Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability
Folke, C., S. R. Carpenter, B. Walker, M. Scheffer, T. Chapin, and J. Rockström. 2010. Resilience thinking: integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4): 20. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03610-150420
From Scientific Speculation to Effective Adaptive Management: A case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands
Westley, F., M. Holmgren, and M. Scheffer. 2010. From scientific speculation to effective adaptive management: a case study of the role of social marketing in promoting novel restoration strategies for degraded dry lands. Ecology and Society 15(3): 6. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-03168-150306
Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth
Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind’s most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory a…
Global Resilience of Tropical Forest and Savanna to Critical Transitions
Tree distributions across continents indicate three distinct stable states in tree cover―forest, savanna, and treeless.
The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship
General Resilience to Cope with Extreme Events
Resilience to specified kinds of disasters is an active area of research and practice. However, rare or unprecedented disturbances that are unusually intense or extensive require a more broad-spectrum type of resilience. General resilience is the capacity of social-ecological systems to adapt or transform in response to unfamiliar, unexpected and extreme shocks. Conditions that enable general resilience include diversity, modularity, openness, re…
Anticipating Critical Transitions
All Change Research on early warning signals for critical transitions in complex systems such as ecosystems, climate, and global finance systems recently has been gathering pace. At the same time, studies on complex networks are starting to reveal which architecture may cause systems to be vulnerable to systemic collapse. Scheffer et al. (p. 344 ) review how previously isolated lines of work can be connected, conclude that many critical transitio…
Does aquaculture add resilience to the global food system?
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food sector and continues to expand alongside terrestrial crop and livestock production. Using portfolio theory as a conceptual framework, we explore how current interconnections between the aquaculture, crop, livestock, and fisheries sectors act as an impediment to, or an opportunity for, enhanced resilience in the global food system given increased resource scarcity and climate change. Aquaculture can potentia…
What if solar energy becomes really cheap? A thought experiment on environmental problem shifting
Synchronous failure: The Emerging Causal Architecture of Global Crisis
Homer-Dixon, T., B. Walker, R. Biggs, A.-S. Crépin, C. Folke, E. F. Lambin, G. D. Peterson, J. Rockström, M. Scheffer, W. Steffen, and M. Troell. 2015. Synchronous failure: the emerging causal architecture of global crisis. Ecology and Society 20(3): 6. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07681-200306
A message from magic to science: Seeing How the Brain Can Be Tricked May Strengthen Our Thinking
Österblom, H., M. Scheffer, F. R. Westley, M. Van Esso, J. Miller, and J. Bascompte. 2015. A message from magic to science: seeing how the brain can be tricked may strengthen our thinking. Ecology and Society 20(4):16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-07943-200416
Biology (24 works) · Economics (22 works) · Political science (19 works) · Ecology (18 works) · Ecosystem dynamics and resilience (16 works) · Environmental resource management (16 works) · Geography (16 works) · Business (15 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Ecology (15 works)