Vanessa Kaufmann
Biographic Data
| ID | 110499 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Vanessa Kaufmann |
| GIVEN NAMES | Vanessa |
| FAMILY NAME | Kaufmann |
| SIGNATURE | KAUFMANN V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9927-8333 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 74 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 386 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 72 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Differences, commons and rhythms
A main challenge facing the city of the future is that of social cohesion between the poor and the rich, generations, genders and lifestyles. In addition to issues of professional opportunities and access to resources in general (housing, shops, services, nature), spatial cohesion is also a key factor that urban sociology can help remedy by proposing new policy, tools, and concepts.In this article, we approach these issues based on the concepts o…
Diffurb
DiffUrb is an interdisciplinary research collaboration aiming at describing and understanding how urban differences in terms of diverse population groups are dealt with across five European cities: Geneva, Brussels, Hamburg, Turin, and Zurich. To this end, we developed a three-stage survey to explore and describe experiences of urban dwellers in regard to inclusivity, sense of place, discrimination, mobility behaviors, and social networks. Respon…
The Lemanic Panel, a five-year monitoring of populations’ lifestyles—focus on the first wave
The urgency of climate change is such that public policies need to be radically reoriented. Clean technologies and digital optimization will go some way toward achieving this. But if we are to achieve the targets set by COP21 as part of the 2015 Paris Agreement, we will also have to engage in a major transformation of our lifestyles. This concerns all spheres of activity, in particular mobility (including the questions of teleworking, business tr…
Communication practices with patients using a language other than French
Our findings showed the importance of alleviating communication difficulties with patients using a language other than French, in order to achieve health equity, and means to achieve this are discussed
Transitivity and couple relationship satisfaction
This study examined the relationship between couple relationship satisfaction and the transitivity of ties with family and friends within couples, i.e., the tendency of partners to share friends and family. In this case, transitivity was measured by using three indicators: (1) the proportion of shared friends (friendship network overlap); (2) the frequency of contact that each partner has with their own friends and family as well as those of thei…
Feeling "Pawsitively" Good
Data Domotopia
This paper describes the Data Domotopia a 2300 + respondent self-administered web-based survey. It includes 100 + multi-purpose items about home-making and stillness in a moving world. We suppose that home-making can reveal coping strategies and resilience practices to make everyday life work – as home is a central location in people’s activity-travel patterns. To describe this phenomenon, the concept of Domotopia is introduced, defining how peop…
Migration distance from birthplace and its association with relative income and employment share among heterosexual couples in Switzerland
Among heterosexual couples, employment of the female partner may suffer from household migration often driven by the job of the male partner. Most research has traditionally focused on the distance moved after couple formation and has neglected how far partners live from their birthplaces. Recent life course research has shown that staying in, leaving or returning to the place of origin of one or both partners often reflects couples' work–family …
The border in common
For several decades, cross-border areas have been the setting for the successive deployment of various cross-border cooperation and integration mechanisms. These mechanisms aim primarily to facilitate mobility and interaction between actors through cross-border cooperation projects designed to create institutional cross-border areas. The current article takes an approach centred on attachment to places with the aim of determining whether cross-bo…
Can Spatial Proximity to Another Country Drive Short-distance Transnationalism? Evidence from Social Ties in Three European Border Regions
This article draws inspiration from social network analysis (SNA) to investigate the impact of spatial proximity on the geography of strong social ties in three European border regions. We consider cross-border friendship and kinship as a measure of shortdistance transnationalism, examine the conditions under which the latter is likely to emerge, and systematically compares our findings with "traditional" forms of transnationalism. The study is b…
Planning urban proximities
Urban proximity planning is foreseen as a solution to foster a “sustainable” city, including economic viability, environmental soundness and social inclusivity. This paper focuses on the inclusivity aspects by questioning the adoption of urban proximities: how far planning for urban proximities resonates or conflicts with current residential preferences and practices? Based on functional, social, and sensitive attributes, five latent residential …
Soothing house. How housing does mitigate time pressures
For many years, an abundant literature has highlighted the time pressures induced by the more and more intricated and difficult work life balance. As it happens at home, in this paper we explore the hypothesis that housing is a resource to mitigate time pressures. In this perspective, the first contribution of this paper is to quantify the determinants that are often positively correlated with domestic time pressure. The second contribution is to…
Stroking and Leaning
Sur quelle mobilité fonder le projet européen
LASUR
Spatial Planning as Public Space
Based on a field survey on the conflicts regarding the extension of the Ecole Hôtelière de Lausanne, this text discusses the production of public space. These controversies make possible an understanding of the production process of peri-urban space in terms of residential aspirations and negotiation mechanisms. This investigation allows us to understand the articulation of the two forms of public space – as publicity and as a set of freely acces…
Explore, engage, empower
Action-oriented, transformative, and transdisciplinary approaches are increasingly heralded as promising tools that enable researchers not only to produce new knowledge about a situation, but also to actively engage in tackling it; however, such approaches raise critical questions about the methodological implications and conflicts involved in pursuing multiple objectives concurrently. This article seeks to advance this debate by examining the me…
Making the slow metropolis by designing walkability
Focusing on the mobility aspects of big cities and metropolises, the paper starts with the assessment that the Slow City is linked, in terms of mobility, to slowing down traffic. This paper proposes the following working hypothesis: if the Slow City concept is relevant for making our bigger cities sustainable, it needs, in terms of mobility, to be adapted to the slowest mode of transportation: walking. To that extent, our research develops atool …
TOWARDS GREEN Populism? Right-wing Populism and Metropolization in Switzerland
Switzerland is an interesting laboratory for studying right-wing populism. Populist movements, notably the Swiss People's Party (SVP), have undergone momentous development over the last few decades based on anti-immigration and anti-European discourses. This transformation has been commonly associated with an ethno-nationalistic reaction against the globalization process and the defense of Swiss economic, political and cultural specificities. Bas…
Pour une approche rythmique des modes de vie et de la mobilité
Des auteurs de plus en plus nombreux relèvent que les sociétés occidentales contemporaines sont marquées par des rythmes de vie particulièrement complexes (Rosa, 2010). Cette complexité se refléterait à travers les pratiques de mobilité. Pour analyser finement et de façon heuristique cette complexité, nous proposons dans cet article de développer une approche rythmique de la mobilité quotidienne à partir des données du Microrecensement Mobilité e…
Analysing the effects of residential mobility behaviours on the composition of personal network in Switzerland
Individual life courses are marked by residential mobility often associated with family and workplace changes and therefore likely to be related to the types of personal relationships people develop and maintain. Evidence about the relationship between residential mobility behaviours over the life course and personal network composition is however scarce. This study investigates this relationship among 747 individuals living in Switzerland using …
Inequalities in access to cross-border resources? An analysis based on spatio-temporal behaviours in the cross-border area of Greater Geneva
With an activity-based approach, this article offers a new reading of cross-border integration by exploring the social and spatial conditions that predispose specific populations of Greater Geneva to cross its borders. Five different daily cross-border patterns were identified showing that travelling to the neighbouring country is still uncommon among the least qualified populations and women, and that this trend now extends beyond the mere cross…
L’apprenti président
Cet article examine ce que la « politique » de Donald Trump doit à sa très bonne connaissance des ressorts de l’économie de l’attention, assimilés pendant douze longues années au cours desquelles sa principale activité professionnelle a consisté à animer une émission de téléréalité (« The Apprentice »). D’où son titre : « L’apprenti président », ou comment Trump a transformé la Maison-Blanche en la scène d’une gigantesque émission de téléréalité,…
The Apprentice President
This article examines what Donald Trump’s “politics” owe to his excellent knowledge of the drivers of the attention economy, which he assimilated during the twelve long years when he worked mainly as the host of the reality TV show The Apprentice: hence the title “The apprentice president.” It shows how Trump has transformed the White House into the set of a gigantic reality TV show operating according to sacrificial rules; how this has allowed h…
Manifeste pour une politique des rythmes
Nous vivons dans un monde toujours plus saturé. Saturé de signes, de normes, d’objets et de sollicitations qui tous contribuent à nos aliénations quotidiennes. Afin de retrouver les voies d’une émancipation, ce manifeste défend l’idée que la réponse à cette saturation réside dans la capacité à retrouver la maitrise politique de nos rythmes, qu’ils soient individuels ou collectifs. Les auteurs explorent dans ces pages la part fondamentalement spat…
Understanding the reconstruction of personal networks through residential migration trajectories
This article examines how residential trajectories influence the spatiality and composition of personal networks. Three mechanisms are considered: the addition of spatially close network members, the selection of spatially distant network members, and the substitution of spatially distant network members by spatially close ones. An ego-centred network analysis combined with sequence analysis of residential experiences is used to capture the perso…
Motility
Social and territorial structures form intricate relations that transcend a social stratification or spatial focus. Territorial features and geographic displacements are structuring principles for society, as societal features and social change effect the structure and use of territory. Based on our examination of the conceptual and theoretical links between spatial and social mobility, we propose a concept that represents a new form of inequalit…
Tracing Mobilities
Operationalising the Concept of Motility
In modern society, spatial mobility is highly valued with its relationship to individual freedom (freedom to travel anywhere at anytime, freedom to choose one's relationships, freedom of residential location, etc.). Spatial mobility has become so crucial that it has become an established ideology, putting pressure on individuals to expand their mobility and be able to adapt to spatial changes of living and working conditions (delocalisation of jo…
Measuring and typifying mobility using motility
In this article, we will measure individuals’ and groups’ aptitude for movement and consider them relative to their living environment by developing a typology of motility. This will help highlight both the range and variety of skills for being mobile, and the social and spatial inequalities associated with them. We will address this question based on the panel data from the Job Mobilities and Family Lives research study (hereafter referred to as…
Mobilités et réversibilités
Les systèmes de transport et de télécommunication procurent des potentiels de vitesse considérables. Largement utilisés, ces potentiels ont consacré un rétrécissement de l’espace et du temps dont les conséquences sociales et spatiales interrogent : les mobilités, de plus en plus réversibles, ont-elles pour effet de rendre les sociétés socialement et spatialement plus fluides ? Partant des débats sur la fluidification sociale, l’article propose d’…
How Does Urban Public Transport Change Cities? Correlations between Past and Present Transport and Urban Planning Policies
Is it possible to discern correlations between past and present urban policies? Do path dependencies exist at the urban level? If so, how do they differ from other links between the past and present? A preview of the literature dealing with dependencies and urban change, a presentation of the research methodology and an examination of the historical archives of six European cities in France, Germany and Switzerland enable us to identify three fea…
Mobile social science
John Urry's article Mobile Sociology (2010 [2000a]) proposes a sociological revolution – a revolution the field itself is not yet fully conscious of – heralding the first fruits of the 'mobility turn' for which Urry advocates so strongly. Since its publication in 2000, the article has been the focus of a lively debate, as has his book, Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century, published the same year. Despite such debat…
Analysing the effects of residential mobility behaviours on the composition of personal network in Switzerland
Individual life courses are marked by residential mobility often associated with family and workplace changes and therefore likely to be related to the types of personal relationships people develop and maintain. Evidence about the relationship between residential mobility behaviours over the life course and personal network composition is however scarce. This study investigates this relationship among 747 individuals living in Switzerland using …
TOWARDS GREEN Populism? Right-wing Populism and Metropolization in Switzerland
Switzerland is an interesting laboratory for studying right-wing populism. Populist movements, notably the Swiss People's Party (SVP), have undergone momentous development over the last few decades based on anti-immigration and anti-European discourses. This transformation has been commonly associated with an ethno-nationalistic reaction against the globalization process and the defense of Swiss economic, political and cultural specificities. Bas…
Switzerland as a Single Metropolitan Area? A Study of its Commuting Network
Out of the many ingredients that together build urban areas, three deserve particular consideration as their relationship is evolving: the functional centrality, the morphology of built-up areas and the way of life. Those three characteristics do not necessarily match along territorial lines anymore. To overcome this limitation, this article suggests approaching urbanity in terms of cohesion. To illustrate this approach under a specific analytica…
Die Koordination von Raumplanung und Verkehrspolitik in urbanen Räumen der Schweiz
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den exogenen Bestimmungsfaktoren der Koordination raumwirksamer Politiken anhand der vier Agglomerationen von Basel, Bern, Lausanne und Genf. Ein Vergleich von entsprechenden Outcomes zeigt markante Unterschiede zwischen den vier Städten. Nach einer kurzen Kritik der Binnenorientierung gängiger Governance‐Ansätze werden die drei exogenen Erklärungsansätze der politischen Geographie, des Institutionalismus und der poli…
Inequalities in access to cross-border resources? An analysis based on spatio-temporal behaviours in the cross-border area of Greater Geneva
With an activity-based approach, this article offers a new reading of cross-border integration by exploring the social and spatial conditions that predispose specific populations of Greater Geneva to cross its borders. Five different daily cross-border patterns were identified showing that travelling to the neighbouring country is still uncommon among the least qualified populations and women, and that this trend now extends beyond the mere cross…
The Dynamics of Multifaceted Gentrification
In this article, we propose to examine the diversity of 'gentrification' trajectories taken by six neighbourhoods in the Île-de-France Region. To apprehend the dynamics of the different gentrification processes, we investigate the manner in which changes in the urban environment render it accessible to certain residential aspirations and lifestyles and inaccessible to others. Our findings, based on a combination of a quantitative survey and socio…
The Coordination of Local Policies for Urban Development and Public Transportation in Four Swiss Cities
The present article aims at assessing the possibility for urban areas to coordinate local policies of urban development and public transportation and at explaining the differences in this achievement between urban regions. In order to do so, the study draws support from two empirical sources: a historical analysis of the “mass-production” generated by the public service sectors in the field of transport and urban development in the cities of Base…
Stroking and Leaning
On Transport History and Contemporary Social Theory
Transports urbains à Montréal
L’automobile est profondément ancrée dans les modes de vie occidentaux mais la réduction des usages urbains de l’automobile est à l’agenda politique de très nombreuses agglomérations européennes. Quelques-unes semblent avoir réussi à résoudre cette équation : elles contiennent l’utilisation de l’automobile via différentes formes de restriction de son usage et de politiques d’urbanisme. Les référentiels de l’action publique dans le domaine des tra…
The Lessons of Guy Debord
January 01 2006 The Lessons of Guy Debord Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann is Professor of French at the University for Business, Law and Social Sciences in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann is Professor of French at the University for Business, Law and Social Sciences in St. Gallen, Switzerland. His recent …
De l'inconvénient de la ségrégation pour la mobilité
Les urbanistes redoutent l'étalement spatial de la ville en invoquant une image nostalgique de l'urbanité de proximité. Or, l'habitat péri-urbain associé aux déplacements automobiles non seulement ne constitue qu'un mode de vie parmi d'autres, mais résulte bien souvent de choix contraints. Revaloriser les banlieues en réduisant les processus de ségrégation qui les isolent représente un troisième terme face à la fausse alternative entre étalement …
Ans d'aménagement du territoire à Genève
La ordenación del territorio en Ginebra El examen de los procedimientos de planificación urbana en Suiza, pais de larga tradición urbanistica, revela la multiplicación de escalas y actores de referencia. En Ginebra, la expansión de las áreas de flujos diarios, los dispositivos de protección del medio ambiente y los planes de acción contra la pobreza amplían asiel circulo de las decisiones. La representación parlamentaria, confrontada a una democr…
What Are (Breton's) Women for
revolutionary action (to change life, transform society). One can see in this contradiction the source of its paradoxical glory (surrealism will survive in spite of suggesting once and for all the conditions for a revolutionary art). But one also sees here the cause of surrealism's downfall, betrayed as much by those who preferred their own work as by those who subordinated their work to political engagement. Whichever the case, only Breton would…
Payer de sa personne. Leiris entre Rimbaud et Mallarmé
Leiri's writing can be considered, on the whole, as haunted by the possibility of an act which would not be a failure, which would not be only a semblance, a rhetorical one : how truly pay the price ? This is maybe the question Leiris has never been able to actually answer. When he attempts suicide (« Fade suprême ») , he finds himself fascinated by Mallarmés Livre (Fibrilles). And when he goes to war (in 1939) y he feels less like taking action …
Life by the Letter
Contemporary French literature testifies as a whole to a rhetorical consciousness-or, to be more precise, a nonconsciousness-in the grip of autobiography. Beyond the merely conventional distinction, nothing differentiates it any longer from the novel. And for its part, the novel is subjected, sometimes retrospectively, to the injunction of experience. Take, for example, the case of someone like Robbe-Grillet, who, in the wake of Claude Simon or M…
Valery's Garbage Can
Ans d'aménagement du territoire à Genève
La ordenación del territorio en Ginebra El examen de los procedimientos de planificación urbana en Suiza, pais de larga tradición urbanistica, revela la multiplicación de escalas y actores de referencia. En Ginebra, la expansión de las áreas de flujos diarios, los dispositivos de protección del medio ambiente y los planes de acción contra la pobreza amplían asiel circulo de las decisiones. La representación parlamentaria, confrontada a una democr…
Die Koordination von Raumplanung und Verkehrspolitik in urbanen Räumen der Schweiz
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den exogenen Bestimmungsfaktoren der Koordination raumwirksamer Politiken anhand der vier Agglomerationen von Basel, Bern, Lausanne und Genf. Ein Vergleich von entsprechenden Outcomes zeigt markante Unterschiede zwischen den vier Städten. Nach einer kurzen Kritik der Binnenorientierung gängiger Governance‐Ansätze werden die drei exogenen Erklärungsansätze der politischen Geographie, des Institutionalismus und der poli…
Automobile et modes de vie urbains
Re-Thinking Mobility
Keywords: Mobilitat Soziologie ; Transportation Social aspects ; rAumliche mobilitAt (geographie) ; gruppenkonflikte und konfliktloesung (soziologie) ; verkehrsanalyse Reference LASUR-BOOK-2002-001 Record created on 2007-05-07, modified on 2016-08-08
De l'inconvénient de la ségrégation pour la mobilité
Les urbanistes redoutent l'étalement spatial de la ville en invoquant une image nostalgique de l'urbanité de proximité. Or, l'habitat péri-urbain associé aux déplacements automobiles non seulement ne constitue qu'un mode de vie parmi d'autres, mais résulte bien souvent de choix contraints. Revaloriser les banlieues en réduisant les processus de ségrégation qui les isolent représente un troisième terme face à la fausse alternative entre étalement …
Pratiques modales des déplacements de personnes en milieu urbain
L’article analyse les logiques d’action qui sous-tendent les pratiques modales de la vie quotidienne. À partir d’une enquête auprès d’un échantillon de 3.000 personnes en situation de choix modal dans les six agglomérations de Besançon, Grenoble, Toulouse (France), Berne, Genève et Lausanne (Suisse), qui sont contrastées en matière d’usage des moyens de transport. Les résultats montrent que les logiques d’habitudes, les préférences modales et l’e…
Coordonner transport et urbanisme
Pendant plusieurs décennies, l’urbanisation s’est développée autour de l’usage de l’automobile et ce processus a annulé les efforts entrepris dans de nombreuses agglomérations pour favoriser l’utilisation d’autres moyens de transport. Remédier à cette situation implique d’amarrer la croissance urbaine aux infrastructures de transport public et nécessite donc une action publique locale coordonnée, comme cela est entrepris à Berne ou à Bâle. Les ob…
Coordination of land-use planning and transportation
Contemporary transportation systems and policies are discussed in terms of their relationship to sustainable development.The current situation is generally characterised by policies that favour motorisation and violate fundamental elements of sustainability.Accordingly, a new vision of sustainable transportation is required, one that incorporates intermodalism for both passengers and freight.Creating a sustainable intermodal system necessitates o…
The Limits of the Literary
(The tone is serious, full of self-confidence, as though the author were an author, as though he had a body of work, even a coherent body of work)
La mobilité comme capital ?
1. Introduction Les systèmes techniques de transport et de télécommunication procurent des potentiels de vitesse considérables, ils affranchissent des distances et permettent l’immédiateté dans la circulation de l’information et des idées. Largement utilisés, ce qui a d’ailleurs contribué à leur développement, ces potentiels ont consacré un rétrécissement de l’espace et du temps dont les conséquences sociales et spatiales font l’objet de nombreus…
Mobilités, fluidités… Libertés
Mobilités, fluidités... libertés ? Nous nous déplaçons plus, plus vile et plus loin. Ces tendances lourdes interrogent les sciences sociales à plus d'un titre : la croissance des déplacements est-elle le reflet d'une transformation de la spatialisation des sociétés ? Est-elle la manifestation d'une fluidification sociale réductrice des inégalités ou, au contraire, serait-elle le signe de l'émergence de nouvelles formes de différentiations sociale…
Motility
Social and territorial structures form intricate relations that transcend a social stratification or spatial focus. Territorial features and geographic displacements are structuring principles for society, as societal features and social change effect the structure and use of territory. Based on our examination of the conceptual and theoretical links between spatial and social mobility, we propose a concept that represents a new form of inequalit…
L'acquisition de la motilité au sein des familles
Le capital de mobilité ou « motilité » est une dimension essentielle de l’insertion sociale dans les sociétés de la modernité avancée, confrontées à une multiplication des manières de se déplacer dans le temps et l’espace, donc d’assurer la coprésence des êtres ou des acteurs. Il y a actuellement choix stratégiques et distinction des mobilités là où il y avait autrefois contrainte spatiale. Partant du postulat que la motilité est un bon analyseur…
Mobilités, urbanisation
Mobilités et réversibilités
Les systèmes de transport et de télécommunication procurent des potentiels de vitesse considérables. Largement utilisés, ces potentiels ont consacré un rétrécissement de l’espace et du temps dont les conséquences sociales et spatiales interrogent : les mobilités, de plus en plus réversibles, ont-elles pour effet de rendre les sociétés socialement et spatialement plus fluides ? Partant des débats sur la fluidification sociale, l’article propose d’…
The Coordination of Local Policies for Urban Development and Public Transportation in Four Swiss Cities
The present article aims at assessing the possibility for urban areas to coordinate local policies of urban development and public transportation and at explaining the differences in this achievement between urban regions. In order to do so, the study draws support from two empirical sources: a historical analysis of the “mass-production” generated by the public service sectors in the field of transport and urban development in the cities of Base…
Transports urbains à Montréal
L’automobile est profondément ancrée dans les modes de vie occidentaux mais la réduction des usages urbains de l’automobile est à l’agenda politique de très nombreuses agglomérations européennes. Quelques-unes semblent avoir réussi à résoudre cette équation : elles contiennent l’utilisation de l’automobile via différentes formes de restriction de son usage et de politiques d’urbanisme. Les référentiels de l’action publique dans le domaine des tra…
Operationalising the Concept of Motility
In modern society, spatial mobility is highly valued with its relationship to individual freedom (freedom to travel anywhere at anytime, freedom to choose one's relationships, freedom of residential location, etc.). Spatial mobility has become so crucial that it has become an established ideology, putting pressure on individuals to expand their mobility and be able to adapt to spatial changes of living and working conditions (delocalisation of jo…
The Lessons of Guy Debord
January 01 2006 The Lessons of Guy Debord Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann is Professor of French at the University for Business, Law and Social Sciences in St. Gallen, Switzerland. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Vincent Kaufmann Vincent Kaufmann is Professor of French at the University for Business, Law and Social Sciences in St. Gallen, Switzerland. His recent …
Enjeux de la sociologie urbaine
C'est autour des problématiques soulevées par la sociologie urbaine contemporaine que sont réunis quelques-uns des meilleures spécialistes francophones en la matière. Il s'agit d'une deuxième édition, profondément remaniée, augmentée et actualisée. Sont traité au fil des 18 chapitres de cet ouvrage, les dynamiques métropolitaines, les mobilités et les réseaux, les inégalités sociales et fragmentations urbaines, les notions de temps et de quartier…
On Transport History and Contemporary Social Theory
Political science (35 works) · French Urban and Social Studies (34 works) · Sociology (30 works) · Humanities (25 works) · Art (24 works) · Geography (23 works) · Economics (16 works) · Computer Science (15 works) · Economic geography (14 works) · Philosophy (14 works)