P V Marsden
Biographic Data
| ID | 1142 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P V Marsden |
| GIVEN NAMES | P V |
| FAMILY NAME | Marsden |
| SIGNATURE | MARSDEN P V |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University Press |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2585-8615 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 87 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1944 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 87 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Occupational selection and the reliability of position generator measures of social capital
Uses and limitations of dichotomous aggregate relational data
Advances and innovations in methods for collecting egocentric network data
Coleman, James S. (1926–1995)
James S. Coleman, among the most eminent and influential twentieth‐century sociologists, sought to understand and improve the performance of social systems. A prolific contributor to both basic and applied empirical research, social science methodology, and social theory, his Introduction to Mathematical Sociology (1964) established an intellectual agenda for mathematical sociology. His 1966 study of inequality in educational opportunity had a ma…
Dedication: Stanley Lieberson: Meta-Methodologist Extraordinaire
Work Values in the United States: Age, Period, and Generational Differences
This article examines how processes of aging, generational shifts, and changes over historical time periods shape differences in work values in the United States. Our analyses of data from the General Social Survey and the International Social Survey Program show that changes over historical time periods are most consistently responsible for differences in work values. In particular, during recent periods, Americans tend to place greater importan…
Transformation of the Employment Relationship
Employment relations are implicit or explicit contractual arrangements that specify the reciprocal expectations and obligations linking employers and employees. They encompass a wide range of phenomena, including work organization, governance, evaluation, and rewards. During the past quarter century, the standard employment relationship that was normative in much of the world during the twentieth century declined in favor of various nonstandard e…
Network Centrality, Measures of
Changing work values in the United States, 1973-2006
Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis
Reflections on Conceptualizing and Measuring Tie Strength
We welcome this opportunity to revisit “Measuring Tie Strength” (Marsden and Campbell 1984) in light of more recent social network studies. When we wrote our article, the field of social networks was in the process of emerging as a recognized area of study, though it had many precursors (Freeman 2004). Since then, interest in network phenomena has surged, engaging analysts from many disciplines. We began by observing that the concept of tie stren…
Central Asia
Margins of Error: A Study of Reliability in Survey Measurement
The quality of care received by HIV patients without a primary provider
The goal of this study was to compare the quality of care received by HIV patients who report that their primary HIV care provider is a physician, a nurse practitioner (NP) or a physician assistant (PA) to that of patients who cannot identify a primary HIV provider. We used data from patients who participated in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a study of a probability sample of non-institutionalized HIV-infected individuals i…
Coleman, James (1926–1995)
James S. Coleman ranks among the most influential sociologists of the twentieth century. Coleman's scholarship pursued several linked lines of inquiry in parallel, but centered on understanding and improving the performance of social systems. He led a study of inequality in educational opportunity (Coleman, Campbell et al. 1966) that had a major impact on US educational policy and served as a model for much subsequent policy research in social sc…
The Impact of a Quality Improvement Program on Systems, Processes, and Structures in Medical Clinics
OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether participation in a quality-improvement collaborative changed care processes, systems, and organization of outpatient human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics. METHODS: We surveyed clinicians, medical directors, and HIV program administrators before and after an 18-month quality improvement collaborative at 54 intervention and 37 control clinics providing HIV care. Surveys assessed clinic structures, proces…
Voluntary Physician Switching by Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: A National Study of Patient, Physician, and Organizational Factors
OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess which patient, physician, and organizational factors are related to voluntary physician switching among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. DESIGN: We analyzed the results from a 3-wave survey of patients conducted by the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized HIV-infected individuals receiving care in the …
Gender differences in quality of HIV care in Ryan White Care Act-funded clinics
Beyond Profit? Sectoral Differences in High-Performance Work Practices
Drawing on a recent survey of establishments in the United States, the authors examine how nonprofit, public, and for-profit establishments vary in the use of high-performance work organization (HPWO) practices that offer opportunities for participation in decision making (via self-directed teams and offline committees), enhance the capacity for participation (via multiskilling practices such as job rotation), and provide incentives for participa…
Recent Developments in Network Measurement
This chapter considers study design and data collection methods for social network studies, emphasizing methodological research and applications that have appeared since an earlier review (Marsden 1990). It concentrates on methods and instruments for measuring social relationships linking actors or objects. Many analytical techniques discussed in other chapters identify patterns and regularities that measure structural properties of networks (suc…
Externalizing organizational activities: Where and how US establishments use employment intermediaries
Organizations are increasingly externalizing work activities, but vary as to where and how they do so. Using a US employer survey, we examine within- and between-organization differences in the use of employment intermediaries such as temporary help agencies and contract companies, in whether external workers from these intermediaries supplement on-payroll employees or exclusively perform activities, and in the exercise of supervisory control ove…
Differences in patient and clinic characteristics at Care Act funded versus non-Care Act funded HIV clinics
The Ryan White CARE Act supports comprehensive care to persons with HIV infection. With an annual budget of over $1 billion, it is the largest federally funded programme for HIV care in the USA. We analysed data from the HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study, a nationally representative sample of HIV patients. Patient data were collected in 1996-97 and clinic data were collected in 1998-99. We examined whether CARE Act funded clinics differed …
Interviewer effects in measuring network size using a single name generator
Externalizing employment: Flexible staffing arrangements in US organizations
Egocentric and sociocentric measures of network centrality
Core Discussion Networks of Americans
Aspects of interpersonal networks in which Americans discuss important matters are examined using data from the 1985 General Social Survey. These are the first survey network data representative of the American population. The networks are small, kin-centered, relatively dense, and homogeneous in comparison with the sample of respondents. Bivariate examination of subgroup differences by age, education, racelethnicity, sex, and size of place indic…
Network Data and Measurement
Data on social networks may be gathered for all ties linking elements of a closed population ('complete' network data) or for the sets of ties surrounding sampled individual units ('egocentric' network data). Network data have been obtained via surveys and questionnaires, archives, observation, diaries, electronic traces, and experiments. Most methodological research on data quality concerns surveys and questionnaires. The question of the accurac…
Network Studies of Social Influence
Network analysts interested in social influence examine the social foundations for influence-the social relations that provide a basis for the alteration of an attitude or behavior by one network actor in response to another. This article contrasts two empirical accounts of social influence (structural cohesion and equivalence) and describes the social processes (e.g., identification, competition, and authority) presumed to undergird them. It the…
Community Structure as Interorganizational Linkages
The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this ...Read More
Measuring Tie Strength
Little attention has been given to the measurement of the concept of tie strength. Using survey data on friendship ties, we apply multiple indicator techniques to construct and validate measures of tie strength. Vie conclude that: (1) there may be two distinct aspects of tie strength, having to do with the time spent in a relationship and the depth of the relationship; (2) a measure of "closeness" or intensity is the best indicator of strength; (…
Restricted Access in Networks and Models of Power
This paper modifies the model of purposive action proposed by Coleman to encompass circumstances in which actors have imperfect access to one another. An access network indicating the available channels for exchange is introduced; it creates discrepancies in the number of alternative exchange relationships available to different actors. The connection of two ideas-Emerson's notion that dependency of one actor on another is inversely related to th…
Introducing Influence Processes into a System of Collective Decisions
This paper modifies and extends the model of collective decisionmaking processes proposed by Coleman in The Mathematics of Collective Action by introducing a process in which the interests expressed by actors may be influenced by those of other actors. After incorporation of this individual-level process within the framework of Coleman's model, its effects at the system level are explored by comparing results generated by the modified model with …
Gender Differences in Organizational Commitment: Influences of Work Positions and Family Roles
Data obtained from the 1991 'Work Organizations' module of the General Social Survey (GSS) reveal a small but significant tendency for employed men to display higher organizational commitment (OC) than employed women do. This article examines the gender differences and factors that arguably heighten or dampen it. The authors consider both job models highlighting gender differences on job attributes such as autonomy or rewards, and gender models t…
The Analysis of Oppositional Structures in Political Elites: Identifying Collective Actors
In this paper we propose a theoretical rationale for characterizing oppositional structures in political elites. Concepts currently used in the study of political conflict suffer from serious theoretical and empirical deficiencies. We therefore introduce the concept of a collective actor, which we treat as an elementary analytic unit in the study of conflict structures in elite systems. We then develop a set of spatial models describing the alter…
Social Resources and Mobility Outcomes: A Replication and Extension
Journal Article Social Resources and Mobility Outcomes: A Replication and Extension Get access Peter V. Marsden, Peter V. Marsden Harvard University Address correspondence to Peter V. Marsden, Department of Sociology, Harvard University, William James Hall, Cambridge, MA 02138 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jeanne S. Hurlbert Jeanne S. Hurlbert Louisiana State University Search for other works by this aut…
Externalizing employment: Flexible staffing arrangements in US organizations
Reflections on Conceptualizing and Measuring Tie Strength
We welcome this opportunity to revisit “Measuring Tie Strength” (Marsden and Campbell 1984) in light of more recent social network studies. When we wrote our article, the field of social networks was in the process of emerging as a recognized area of study, though it had many precursors (Freeman 2004). Since then, interest in network phenomena has surged, engaging analysts from many disciplines. We began by observing that the concept of tie stren…
Community-Elite Influence Structures: Extension of a Network Approach
The conception of community leadership structure as a regularized pattern of communication and exchange of information pertinent to community affairs among members of a community elite, proposed by Laumann and Pappi (1973-1976), is extended in several related direcions. First, the network of regularized communication contact is related to issue-specific discussion patterns and to outcome preference and activation on specific issues. Our anlysis i…
The Hiring Process: Recruitment Methods
The NOS survey data show that U.S. establishments use a variety of methods for publicizing the availability of job opportunities to potential workers. Newspaper advertisements and informal referrals from employees are used most frequently. Referrals are more often used together with other approaches than as a sole recruitment strategy; those establishments that rely exclusively on "network hiring" tend to be small, less formalized, and in the pri…
Changing work values in the United States, 1973-2006
Conceptualizing and measuring culture in surveys: Values, strategies, and symbols
Measuring Organizational Structures and Environments
This article provides a descriptive overview of the work establishments in the National Organizations Study (NOS). It begins by reviewing their auspices, industry settings, and composition. Next, it introduces the survey items and scales used to measure coordination and control structures including structural differentiation, formalization, decentralization, and the presence of internal labor markets. Other items and scales refer to aspects of th…
Beyond Profit? Sectoral Differences in High-Performance Work Practices
Drawing on a recent survey of establishments in the United States, the authors examine how nonprofit, public, and for-profit establishments vary in the use of high-performance work organization (HPWO) practices that offer opportunities for participation in decision making (via self-directed teams and offline committees), enhance the capacity for participation (via multiskilling practices such as job rotation), and provide incentives for participa…
Organizational Structures: Coordination and Control
Measures of coordination and control techniques-including structural complexity, formalization, decentralization, and firm internal labor markets-are related to one another in theoretically anticipated ways for the diverse set of establishments in the National Organizations Study. Quite strong differences in structure between large and small organizations persist even after statistical adjustments for effects of contextual features, including aus…
Externalizing organizational activities: Where and how US establishments use employment intermediaries
Organizations are increasingly externalizing work activities, but vary as to where and how they do so. Using a US employer survey, we examine within- and between-organization differences in the use of employment intermediaries such as temporary help agencies and contract companies, in whether external workers from these intermediaries supplement on-payroll employees or exclusively perform activities, and in the exercise of supervisory control ove…
Interorganizational resource networks: Formal patterns of overlap
Mathematical ideas in social structural analysis
Social structural analysis is an approach to studying social structure that emphasizes the relatedness of units or actors, and gives well‐defined meaning to structural concepts through the methods and techniques of social network analysis. Three broad strategies for representation of social structures have been developed: topo‐logical, graph‐theoretic, and spatial models. Each of these makes use of mathematical ideas to give explicit meaning to s…
Selection Methods in US Establishments
Data on a nationally representative sample of US establishments reveal that letters of reference are the most common approach to screening and selecting applicants for employment. Physical examinations, skills/proficiency tests, and tests for drug and/or alcohol use are used by substantial minorities of workplaces; very few draw on intelligence/personality tests. Multilevel analyses demonstrate that organizational, environmental, and occupational…
Work Values in the United States: Age, Period, and Generational Differences
This article examines how processes of aging, generational shifts, and changes over historical time periods shape differences in work values in the United States. Our analyses of data from the General Social Survey and the International Social Survey Program show that changes over historical time periods are most consistently responsible for differences in work values. In particular, during recent periods, Americans tend to place greater importan…
American Regional Cultures and Differences in Leisure Time Activities
This paper examines and documents differences between southerners and other Americans in the use of leisure time. Using data from a 1973 national sample survey giving particular attention to arts-related leisure pursuits, nine types of leisure activity are identified, and regional differences mark all nine; six of these differences remain statistically significant when controlled for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and for regional …
Community-Elite Influence Structures: Extension of a Network Approach
The conception of community leadership structure as a regularized pattern of communication and exchange of information pertinent to community affairs among members of a community elite, proposed by Laumann and Pappi (1973-1976), is extended in several related direcions. First, the network of regularized communication contact is related to issue-specific discussion patterns and to outcome preference and activation on specific issues. Our anlysis i…
Community Structure as Interorganizational Linkages
The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this ...Read More
Interorganizational resource networks: Formal patterns of overlap
The Analysis of Oppositional Structures in Political Elites: Identifying Collective Actors
In this paper we propose a theoretical rationale for characterizing oppositional structures in political elites. Concepts currently used in the study of political conflict suffer from serious theoretical and empirical deficiencies. We therefore introduce the concept of a collective actor, which we treat as an elementary analytic unit in the study of conflict structures in elite systems. We then develop a set of spatial models describing the alter…
The Images of Occupational Prestige: A Study in Social Cognition
Perspectives on Social Network Research
Models and methods for characterizing the structural parameters of groups
Introducing Influence Processes into a System of Collective Decisions
This paper modifies and extends the model of collective decisionmaking processes proposed by Coleman in The Mathematics of Collective Action by introducing a process in which the interests expressed by actors may be influenced by those of other actors. After incorporation of this individual-level process within the framework of Coleman's model, its effects at the system level are explored by comparing results generated by the modified model with …
Microstructural analysis in interorganizational systems
Building a Career: The Effect of Initial Job Experiences and Related Work Attitudes on Later Employment
An increasingly attractive option for youth is to obtain their initial job experience while in school
A note on block variables in multiequation models
Power and Politics in Organizations: The Social Psychology of Conflict, Coalitions, and Bargaining
American Regional Cultures and Differences in Leisure Time Activities
This paper examines and documents differences between southerners and other Americans in the use of leisure time. Using data from a 1973 national sample survey giving particular attention to arts-related leisure pursuits, nine types of leisure activity are identified, and regional differences mark all nine; six of these differences remain statistically significant when controlled for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and for regional …
Advances in Structural and Dynamic Analysis
Linear Models in Social Research
Linear models attempt to state causal laws, thought to be operative in one or more groups, organizations, or nations. These models represent the researcher's idea about the structure according to which explanatory or independent variables combine to produce variations in response (or dependent) variables. This volume deals with the increasingly complicated forms of linear models: single-equation models, multi-equation models, and models with unob…
On Interaction Effects Involving Block Variables
The problem of estimating interaction effects involving unmeasured block variables determined by observed indicator variables is discussed. It is shown that interaction effects involving block variables can be estimated using currently available software. In the case in which a block variable interacts with an observed variable, the multiplicative identity for the unobserved interaction term reduces to a linear combination of cross-products of th…
Cultural Choice Among Southerners: Seven Patterns
Marsden and Reed isolate seven patterns of cultural choice using a cluster analysis of a multidimensional scale of items from a 1977 survey of leisure activities in the Southern region of the United States. They then use regression analysis to isolate the social demographic correlates of the clusters
Linear Models in Social Research
Linear Panel Analysis: Models of Quantitative Change
Restricted Access in Networks and Models of Power
This paper modifies the model of purposive action proposed by Coleman to encompass circumstances in which actors have imperfect access to one another. An access network indicating the available channels for exchange is introduced; it creates discrepancies in the number of alternative exchange relationships available to different actors. The connection of two ideas-Emerson's notion that dependency of one actor on another is inversely related to th…
Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Vol. 2
Applied Network Analysis: A Methodological Introduction
Mathematical ideas in social structural analysis
Social structural analysis is an approach to studying social structure that emphasizes the relatedness of units or actors, and gives well‐defined meaning to structural concepts through the methods and techniques of social network analysis. Three broad strategies for representation of social structures have been developed: topo‐logical, graph‐theoretic, and spatial models. Each of these makes use of mathematical ideas to give explicit meaning to s…
An Introduction to Structural Analysis: The Network Approach to Social Research. S. D. Berkowitz
Measuring Tie Strength
Little attention has been given to the measurement of the concept of tie strength. Using survey data on friendship ties, we apply multiple indicator techniques to construct and validate measures of tie strength. Vie conclude that: (1) there may be two distinct aspects of tie strength, having to do with the time spent in a relationship and the depth of the relationship; (2) a measure of "closeness" or intensity is the best indicator of strength; (…
Sociology (46 works) · Computer Science (42 works) · Psychology (38 works) · Political science (28 works) · Economics (23 works) · Mathematics (23 works) · Social Capital and Networks (22 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Statistics (19 works) · Business (15 works)