Camille B Wortman
Biographic Data
| ID | 118407 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Camille B Wortman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Camille B |
| FAMILY NAME | Wortman |
| SIGNATURE | WORTMAN C B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northwestern University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 46 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1000 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 46 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1971 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Prolonged Grief Disorder: Psychometric Validation of Criteria Proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11
BACKGROUND: Bereavement is a universal experience, and its association with excess morbidity and mortality is well established. Nevertheless, grief becomes a serious health concern for a relative few. For such individuals, intense grief persists, is distressing and disabling, and may meet criteria as a distinct mental disorder. At present, grief is not recognized as a mental disorder in the DSM-IV or ICD-10. The goal of this study was to determin…
The time course of grief reactions to spousal loss: Evidence from a national probability sample
Most studies of widowhood have focused on reactions during the first few years postloss. The authors investigated whether widowhood had more enduring effects using a nationally representative U.S. sample. Participants were 768 individuals who had lost their spouse (from a few months to 64 years) prior to data collection. Results indicated that the widowed continued to talk, think, and feel emotions about their lost spouse decades later. Twenty ye…
Resilient or at Risk? A 4-Year Study of Older Adults Who Initially Showed High or Low Distress Following Conjugal Loss
Following conjugal loss, some people show relatively little distress for the first several months, whereas others show considerable distress. In this article we examine these patterns over a 4-year period. Drawing on prior research defining grief trajectories, we conducted repeated measures analyses of variance on data from 92 bereaved elders with one preloss and three postloss assessments. Findings demonstrated that those with low initial distre…
Prospective Patterns of Resilience and Maladjustment During Widowhood.
Using prospective longitudinal data on an older sample beginning prior to the death of a spouse, G. A. Bonanno et al. (2002) distinguished 5 unique trajectories of bereavement outcome: common grief, chronic grief, chronic depression, depression followed by improvement, and resilience. These trajectories having been identified, the aims of the current study were to examine differences in how respondents in each group reacted to and processed the l…
The Daily Consequences of Widowhood: The Role of Gender and Intergenerational Transfers on Subsequent Housework Performance
This study examines (a) whether widowhood affects the performance of daily household activities, (b) the extent to which dependence on children mediates the effect of widowhood on subsequent housework performance, and (c) the extent to which these patterns vary by gender. Using the Changing Lives of Older Couples study, a prospective survey of married persons age 65 and older, we find that late-life widowhood is associated with an increase in men…
The Effect of Widowhood on Older Adults' Social Participation
PURPOSE: This study evaluated how levels of social participation change as a result of late-life widowhood. Social participation is a multidimensional construct incorporating both formal (e.g., meeting attendance, religious participation, and volunteer obligations) and informal (e.g., telephone contact and social interactions with friends) social roles. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using data from the Changing Lives of Older Couples study, analyses compar…
Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss
Psychological Adjustment to Sudden and Anticipated Spousal Loss Among Older Widowed Persons
The findings call into question the widespread belief that grief is more severe if death is sudden and suggest a more complex relationship between bereavement and circumstances of spousal death
Marital Quality and Psychological Adjustment to Widowhood Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis
The findings contradict the widespread belief that grief is more severe if the marriage was conflicted and suggest a more complex relationship between bereavement and characteristics of the marriage
Consensus criteria for traumatic grief: A preliminary empirical test
BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that symptoms of traumatic grief constitute a distinct syndrome worthy of diagnosis. AIMS: A consensus conference aimed to develop and test a criteria set for traumatic grief. METHOD: The expert panel proposed consensus criteria for traumatic grief. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses tested the performance of the proposed criteria on 306 widowed respondents at seven months post loss. RESULTS: ROC analyses …
Long-Term Psychological and Somatic Consequences of Later Life Parental Bereavement
The death of an adult child is purported to precipitate the most distressing and long-lasting of all grief reactions. The empirical literature surrounding such a claim, however, is primarily clinical and anecdotal in nature with relatively arbitrary and small samples. Drawing from a nationally representative sample of adults (Americans' Changing Lives, 1986, 1989), we examine the long-term effects of the death of an adult child longitudinally ove…
Emotional expression and physical heath: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation
Health benefits derived from personal trauma disclosure are well established. This study examined whether disclosing emotions generated by imaginative immersion in a novel traumatic event would similarly enhance health and adjustment. College women, preselected for trauma presence, were randomly assigned to write about real traumas, imaginary traumas, or trivial events. Yoked real-trauma and imaginary-trauma participants wrote about real-trauma p…
Emotional expression and physical health: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation
Social constraints, intrusive thoughts, and depressive symptoms among bereaved mothers
The five-factor model of personality as a framework for personality-health research
The NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1989) and representative personality scales drawn from health psychology were administered to 2 samples of male military recruits (Ns = 296 and 502). Factor analysis of health-related personality scales revealed 3 conceptually meaningful domains. Examination of these domains and their constituent scales, with reference to the 5-factor model of personality, permits 3 general concl…
Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child
Parents (N = 124) who had lost an infant to sudden infant death syndrome were interviewed 3 weeks and 18 months postloss. Two components of religion (religious participation and religious importance) were assessed, and their relations with 3 coping-process variables (perceived social support, cognitive processing of the loss, and finding meaning in the death) were examined. Greater religious participation was related to increased perception of so…
Social relationships of men at risk for Aids
Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality
Contrary to unidimensional conceptions of optimism and pessimism, factor analysis of 2 widely used instruments revealed that optimism and pessimism are empirically differentiable, but related, constructs. Moreover, consistent with expectations, optimism and pessimism were differentially linked with fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Pessimism was principally associated with neuroticism and negative affect. Optimism was primarily asso…
Widowhood and Depression: Explaining Long-Term Gender Differences in Vulnerability
Results from a 1986 national survey (N = 3,614) show that having ever been widowed is associated with current levels of depression and that this association is greater for men than women. Some of this apparent gender difference occurs because men have been widowed for a shorter average period of time than women and the effects of widowhood appear to lessen over time. Widowhood also is associated with different types and amounts of life strain for…
Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands
A sample of 139 married couples with young children and with relatively equal status careers (wives were university professors or businesswomen) were interviewed about work and home life. Considerable, traditional inequity in the distribution of child-care tasks and chore responsibility was noted, but women were generally satisfied with their husbands' home involvement. In the academic sample, the longer hours each spouse worked, the more child c…
Reconsidering the attribution^adjustment relation following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child
Field studies have not yet conclusively established how attributions affect adjustment to unanticipated traumatic events. This may be due, in part, to the adoption of several untested assumptions in most prior research. It has usually been assumed that attributional issues are important to people who experience a traumatic event, that such concern is adaptive, and that specific attributions (e.g., self-blame) influence subsequent adjustment. Thes…
Reconsidering the attribution-adjustment relation following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child
Women with Multiple Roles: Role-Compatibility Perceptions, Satisfaction, and Mental Health
The myths of coping with loss.
Drawing from theory and clinical lore, we consider how individuals are assumed to cope following irrevocable loss. Several assumptions are reviewed reflecting beliefs concerning the grieving process. Specifically, we examine the expectation that depression is inevitable following loss; that distress is necessary, and failure to experience it is indicative of pathology; that it is necessary to "work through" or process a loss; and that recovery an…
Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for aids
Social Factors in Psychopathology: Stress, Social Support, and Coping Processes
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss
"Attributions of blame and coping in the "real world: Severe accident victims react to their lot
Nanopositioning stages are an example of motion systems that are required to accurately perform high frequency repetitive scanning motions. The tracking performance can be significantly increased by iteratively updating a feedforward input by using a nonparametric inverse plant model. However, in this paper it is shown that current approaches lack systematic robustness considerations and are suffering from limited design freedom to enforce satisf…
Widowhood and Depression: Explaining Long-Term Gender Differences in Vulnerability
Results from a 1986 national survey (N = 3,614) show that having ever been widowed is associated with current levels of depression and that this association is greater for men than women. Some of this apparent gender difference occurs because men have been widowed for a shorter average period of time than women and the effects of widowhood appear to lessen over time. Widowhood also is associated with different types and amounts of life strain for…
Interpersonal Relationships and Cancer: A Theoretical Analysis
This paper focuses on the effect of cancer on the patient's interpersonal relationships, and the ultimate impact of these relationships on the patient's emotional adjustment to the disease. In a detailed theoretical analysis, both the patient's reaction to the illness and others' responses toward the patient are explored. Concerning the patient, the following issues are discussed: (1) fears and uncertainties that develop as one attempts to cope w…
Social constraints, intrusive thoughts, and depressive symptoms among bereaved mothers
Marital Quality and Psychological Adjustment to Widowhood Among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Analysis
The findings contradict the widespread belief that grief is more severe if the marriage was conflicted and suggest a more complex relationship between bereavement and characteristics of the marriage
Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands
A sample of 139 married couples with young children and with relatively equal status careers (wives were university professors or businesswomen) were interviewed about work and home life. Considerable, traditional inequity in the distribution of child-care tasks and chore responsibility was noted, but women were generally satisfied with their husbands' home involvement. In the academic sample, the longer hours each spouse worked, the more child c…
Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child
Parents (N = 124) who had lost an infant to sudden infant death syndrome were interviewed 3 weeks and 18 months postloss. Two components of religion (religious participation and religious importance) were assessed, and their relations with 3 coping-process variables (perceived social support, cognitive processing of the loss, and finding meaning in the death) were examined. Greater religious participation was related to increased perception of so…
Psychological Adjustment to Sudden and Anticipated Spousal Loss Among Older Widowed Persons
The findings call into question the widespread belief that grief is more severe if death is sudden and suggest a more complex relationship between bereavement and circumstances of spousal death
Effect of anticipated performance on the attributions of causality to self and others
Social relationships of men at risk for Aids
Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality
Contrary to unidimensional conceptions of optimism and pessimism, factor analysis of 2 widely used instruments revealed that optimism and pessimism are empirically differentiable, but related, constructs. Moreover, consistent with expectations, optimism and pessimism were differentially linked with fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Pessimism was principally associated with neuroticism and negative affect. Optimism was primarily asso…
Causal chains: Attribution of responsibility as a function of immediate and prior causes
Attributions of causality and reactions to uncontrollable outcomes
The Daily Consequences of Widowhood: The Role of Gender and Intergenerational Transfers on Subsequent Housework Performance
This study examines (a) whether widowhood affects the performance of daily household activities, (b) the extent to which dependence on children mediates the effect of widowhood on subsequent housework performance, and (c) the extent to which these patterns vary by gender. Using the Changing Lives of Older Couples study, a prospective survey of married persons age 65 and older, we find that late-life widowhood is associated with an increase in men…
Emotional expression and physical health: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation
Coping with Victimization: Conclusions and Implications for Future Research
The papers in this issue reflect an exciting new direction in social psychology that has been emerging for the past decade. Since the 1960's, social psychologists have devoted a great deal of attention to understanding reactions to outcomes that are stressful or uncontrollable. Until recently, the majority of these studies were conducted in laboratory settings. Subjects have been exposed to a variety of aversive outcomes such as electric shocks, …
Some determinants of perceived control
Emotional expression and physical heath: Revising traumatic memories or fostering self-regulation
Health benefits derived from personal trauma disclosure are well established. This study examined whether disclosing emotions generated by imaginative immersion in a novel traumatic event would similarly enhance health and adjustment. College women, preselected for trauma presence, were randomly assigned to write about real traumas, imaginary traumas, or trivial events. Yoked real-trauma and imaginary-trauma participants wrote about real-trauma p…
The five-factor model of personality as a framework for personality-health research
The NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI; Costa & McCrae, 1989) and representative personality scales drawn from health psychology were administered to 2 samples of male military recruits (Ns = 296 and 502). Factor analysis of health-related personality scales revealed 3 conceptually meaningful domains. Examination of these domains and their constituent scales, with reference to the 5-factor model of personality, permits 3 general concl…
Reconsidering the attribution-adjustment relation following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child
Women with Multiple Roles: Role-Compatibility Perceptions, Satisfaction, and Mental Health
Resilient or at Risk? A 4-Year Study of Older Adults Who Initially Showed High or Low Distress Following Conjugal Loss
Following conjugal loss, some people show relatively little distress for the first several months, whereas others show considerable distress. In this article we examine these patterns over a 4-year period. Drawing on prior research defining grief trajectories, we conducted repeated measures analyses of variance on data from 92 bereaved elders with one preloss and three postloss assessments. Findings demonstrated that those with low initial distre…
Self-disclosure: An attributional perspective
This experiment examined the effect of timing of an intimate disclosure and assignment of responsibility for the event disclosed on interpersonal attraction. Subjects were induced to interact with a confederate who in all cases revealed something quite personal about himself. The disclosure occurred either early or near the end of a 10-minute conversation. The confederate accepted responsibility for the event disclosed, did not mention responsibi…
Temporal changes in predecision preferences among choice alternatives
Effect of anticipated performance on the attributions of causality to self and others
Responses to Uncontrollable Outcomes: An Integration of Reactance Theory and the Learned Helplessness Model
Some determinants of perceived control
Causal chains: Attribution of responsibility as a function of immediate and prior causes
Some Determinants of Public Acceptance of Randomized Control Group Experimental Designs
This study explores some factors that might influence public attitudes about social experiments. Subjects read a supposedly real news account of a medical experiment in which the scarcity of the treatment employed and the amount of scientific justification for the experiment were experimentally varied. As expected, subjects reacted negatively to the experiment when explicitly informed that while there were adequate resources for all participants …
Attributions of causality and reactions to uncontrollable outcomes
Factors affecting participant reactions to random assignment in ameliorative social programs
Self-disclosure: An attributional perspective
This experiment examined the effect of timing of an intimate disclosure and assignment of responsibility for the event disclosed on interpersonal attraction. Subjects were induced to interact with a confederate who in all cases revealed something quite personal about himself. The disclosure occurred either early or near the end of a 10-minute conversation. The confederate accepted responsibility for the event disclosed, did not mention responsibi…
"Attributions of blame and coping in the "real world: Severe accident victims react to their lot
Nanopositioning stages are an example of motion systems that are required to accurately perform high frequency repetitive scanning motions. The tracking performance can be significantly increased by iteratively updating a feedforward input by using a nonparametric inverse plant model. However, in this paper it is shown that current approaches lack systematic robustness considerations and are suffering from limited design freedom to enforce satisf…
Interpersonal Relationships and Cancer: A Theoretical Analysis
This paper focuses on the effect of cancer on the patient's interpersonal relationships, and the ultimate impact of these relationships on the patient's emotional adjustment to the disease. In a detailed theoretical analysis, both the patient's reaction to the illness and others' responses toward the patient are explored. Concerning the patient, the following issues are discussed: (1) fears and uncertainties that develop as one attempts to cope w…
Cognitions, affect, and behavior following uncontrollable outcomes: A response to current human helplessness research
A series of articles in the Journal of Personality challenge several central assumptions of the reformulated learned helplessness model: that perceptions of uncontrollability, awareness of noncontingency between responses and outcomes, and attributions made about the outcome are necessary to explain learned helplessness effects. The present article addresses the validity of this challenge through a consideration of the methodology employed in the…
Coping with Victimization: Conclusions and Implications for Future Research
The papers in this issue reflect an exciting new direction in social psychology that has been emerging for the past decade. Since the 1960's, social psychologists have devoted a great deal of attention to understanding reactions to outcomes that are stressful or uncontrollable. Until recently, the majority of these studies were conducted in laboratory settings. Subjects have been exposed to a variety of aversive outcomes such as electric shocks, …
Social Support and the Cancer Patient: Conceptual and Methodologic Issues
In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide an overview of the major issues facing cancer researchers who are interested in the conceptualization and measurement of social support. Taken as a whole, the literature reflects a growing appreciation for the complexity of the social-support construct, and a need for greater conceptual and research specificity. The following issues were discussed: (1) the importance of measuring support in a way…
Coping with the threat of Aids: An approach to psychosocial assessment
Reactions to Victims of Life Crises: Support Attempts That Fail
Obituary: Philip Brickman (1943-1982)
Social Factors in Psychopathology: Stress, Social Support, and Coping Processes
A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Social support for the bereaved: Recipients' and providers' perspectives on what is helpful.
Quatre-vingt quatorze personnes ayant perdu soit un conjoint soit un enfant dans accident de voiture quatre ou sept ans plus tot ont accepte de decrire les efforts de leur entourage pour les aider et de distinguer ceux de ces efforts qui leur furent secourables de ceux qui ne le furent pas. Contact avec d'autres personnes dans le meme cas, et possibilite de s'exprimer ont ete les moyens le plus souvent cites comme ayant contribue a la guerison du…
Living with a depressed person
Long-term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash
In this article we examine the long-term effects of the sudden, unexpected loss of a spouse or child. In the spouse study, interviews were conducted with 39 individuals who had lost a spouse in a motor vehicle crash 4 to 7 years ago and with 39 matched controls. In the parent study, interviews were conducted with 41 parents who had lost a child in a crash and with 41 matched controls. Control respondents were matched to bereaved respondents case-…
Effects of HIV infection, perceived health and clinical status on a cohort at risk for aids
The myths of coping with loss.
Drawing from theory and clinical lore, we consider how individuals are assumed to cope following irrevocable loss. Several assumptions are reviewed reflecting beliefs concerning the grieving process. Specifically, we examine the expectation that depression is inevitable following loss; that distress is necessary, and failure to experience it is indicative of pathology; that it is necessary to "work through" or process a loss; and that recovery an…
Reconsidering the attribution^adjustment relation following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child
Field studies have not yet conclusively established how attributions affect adjustment to unanticipated traumatic events. This may be due, in part, to the adoption of several untested assumptions in most prior research. It has usually been assumed that attributional issues are important to people who experience a traumatic event, that such concern is adaptive, and that specific attributions (e.g., self-blame) influence subsequent adjustment. Thes…
Reconsidering the attribution-adjustment relation following a major negative event: Coping with the loss of a child
Psychology (42 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Developmental psychology (21 works) · Clinical Psychology (19 works) · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health (18 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Clinical Psychology (14 works) · Medicine (12 works) · Psychotherapist (12 works) · Distress (9 works)