M Nakatsukasa
Biographic Data
| ID | 12914 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M Nakatsukasa |
| GIVEN NAMES | M |
| FAMILY NAME | Nakatsukasa |
| SIGNATURE | NAKATSUKASA M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Kyoto University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6897-8027 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 90 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 634 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 90 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
Does Platycnemia Develop in Squatting Populations as a Response to Torsional Rotation Across the Subadult Growth Plate?
What are apes? Miocene ape evolution in Africa
Elbow anatomy of fossil cercopithecids from Nakali, Kenya: Functional anatomy and taxonomy
A small catarrhine talus from the middle Miocene Nachola, northern Kenya
Retrodeformation and functional anatomy of a cranial thoracic vertebra in Nacholapithecus kerioi
Femoral neck cortical bone distribution in Nacholapithecus from the Middle Miocene of Kenya
Identification of functionally related adaptations in the trabecular network of the proximal femur and tibia of a bipedally trained Japanese macaque
The axial and appendicular skeleton of Japanese macaques (Macacca fuscata) trained to adopt bipedal posture and locomotion display a number of functionally related external and internal macro- and micromorphological changes, including site-specific cortical and trabecular bone adaptations. In this study we use high-resolution microtomography scanning to analyse the three-dimensional distribution of the trabecular architecture of the proximal femu…
The radial head of the Middle Miocene ape Nacholapithecus kerioi: Morphometric affinities, locomotor inferences, and implications for the evolution of the hominoid humeroradial joint
Addendum to: ‘3,000-Year-old shark attack victim from Tsukumo shell-mound, Okayama, Japan’ [J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep. 38 (2021) 103065]
Evolution of humans in view of maxillary canine morphology
オスの上顎犬歯の大きさと形態について進化過程の構築を試みた。結果を以下に示す。(1):現生および化石類人猿段階から現代人へ至る歯冠サイズの小型化は後期中新世のサヘラントロプスおよびオロリンの時代にすでに始まり,この傾向は現代人に至るまで続いている。(2):尖頭観では現生・化石類人猿で主に近遠心方向に長い卵形をしている。アファレンシス猿人以降では唇舌方向に長い形が主流になる。(3):舌側面観では現生・化石類人猿で主に底辺が幅広で丈の高い歪三角形をしている。例外的にウーラノピテクスでは歪四角形をしている。ヒト族では五角形あるいは菱形が主流になる。(4):歯冠shoulderの位置は現生・化石類人猿では歯頸部にあるが,ヒト族では尖頭方向へ移動している。(5):近心切縁溝は現生・化石類人猿では長く深い溝,カダバ猿人からアフリカヌス猿人では近心の切縁溝と辺縁溝が合流し,エレクトス原人以降では近心辺縁溝のみからなる。(6):辺縁隆線は現生・化石類人猿では短い。ウーラノピテクスとヒト族では尖頭方向に長…
Survey report on the current activity of research and education of anthropology by the members of the Anthropological Society of Nippon in 2021
日本の学会や学術研究を取り巻く状況は年々厳しくなっている。そうした状況に適切に対処していくための基礎データを得る目的で,2021年8–9月に,日本人類学会の会員に対してウェブ調査を実施した。(1)会員の職位による研究活動や教育活動の状況,(2)科研費小区分「自然人類学」に対する意識と申請状況,(3)会員の科研費審査への関与状況,(4)自然人類学の下支えのための方策についてのアンケートに対し,会員の23%にあたる123件の有効回答があった。分析の結果,任期の定めのない常勤職では研究・教育活動に割ける時間的余裕が圧倒的に不足している,有期雇用者(ポスドク,テニュアトラック,非常勤講師など)は研究活動に際して専門的な設備やフィールドにアクセスしづらく所属組織からの理解も得づらい,学生では研究に対する意欲を維持しづらい,という回答傾向があった。科研費小区分に「自然人類学」があるほうがよいと答えた回答者の割合は75%だったが,過去5年間以内に研究代表者として「自然人類学」に科研費を申請したことがあ…
Covid-19がアフリカにおける化石調査に及ぼした影響
Year-old shark attack victim from Tsukumo shell-mound, Okayama, Japan
Morphological analysis of new Dryas Monkey specimens from the Central Congo Basin: Taxonomic considerations and an emended diagnosis
OBJECTIVES: The little known guenon Cercopithecus dryas has a controversial taxonomic history with some recognizing two taxa (C. dryas and C. salongo) instead of one. New adult specimens from the TL2 region of the central Congo Basin allow further assessment of C. dryas morphology and, along with CT scans of the juvenile holotype, provide ontogenetically stable comparisons across all C. dryas and "C. salongo" specimens for the first time. MATERIA…
New femoral remains of Nacholapithecus kerioi: Implications for intraspecific variation and Miocene hominoid evolution
Trabecular organization of the proximal femur in Paranthropus robustus: Implications for the assessment of its hip joint loading conditions
A proximal radius of Barberapithecus huerzeleri from Castell de Barberà: Implications for locomotor diversity among pliopithecoids
Variation of bony labyrinthine morphology in Mio−Plio−Pleistocene and modern anthropoids
OBJECTIVES: The bony labyrinth of the inner ear has special relevance when tracking phenotypic evolution because it is often well preserved in fossil and modern primates. Here we track the evolution of the bony labyrinth of anthropoid primates during the Mio-Plio-Pleistocene-the time period that gave rise to the extant great apes and humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We use geometric morphometrics to analyze labyrinthine morphology in a wide range o…
New forelimb long bone specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi from the Middle Miocene of northern Kenya
This article reports eight new humeral, ulnar, and radial fragments of Nacholapithecus kerioi collected from Nachola, Kenya during the 1998/1999 field seasons. The study refines the description of its forelimb bones, which was mostly based on a single partial skeleton. The most distinctive feature of the distal humerus is a large, globular, medially tilted capitulum. The groove between the capitulum and the zona conoidea is quite deep. The medial…
Sesamoids of the pollical metacarpophalangeal joint and the evolution of hominoid hands
Sesamoids of the metacarpophalangeal joint are tiny bones located in the volar plate and articulated with the metacarpal head. Almost all living humans have radial and ulnar sesamoids in their pollical metacarpophalangeal joints. These bones protect and guide the tendon of the long (= extrinsic) pollical flexor. Whereas this condition is considered to be primitive for primates, living great apes have a tendency to lose these pollical sesamoids. S…
Loss of the subarcuate fossa and the phylogeny of Nacholapithecus
Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus
Forelimb long bones of Nacholapithecus (KNM-BG 35250) from the middle Miocene in Nachola, northern Kenya
This paper provides a thorough description of humeral, ulnar, and radial specimens of the Nacholapithecus holotype (KNM-BG 35250). A spool-shaped humeral trochlea (and keeled sigmoid notch of the ulna) is a hallmark of elbow joint evolution in hominoids. In lacking this feature, the elbow of Nacholapithecus is comparatively primitive, resembling that of proconsulids. However, the humeroulnar joint in Nacholapithecus is specialized for higher stab…
Sexual dimorphism of body size in an African fossil ape, Nacholapithecus kerioi
A newly discovered galagid fossil from Nakali, an early Late Miocene locality of East Africa
Nacholapithecus skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis on the diet of Jomon populations from two coastal regions of Japan
Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution
Nacholapithecus kerioi is a large-sized hominoid from the Aka Aiteputh Formation (15 Ma) in Nachola, northern Kenya.1 While eight large-sized hominoid species dating to the late Early to early Middle Miocene (17-14 Ma) are known in Afro-Arabia and western Eurasia,2-6 the facial and postcranial anatomy of these apes is poorly known. However, much has been learned of the craniodental and postcranial anatomy of N. kerioi over the last ten years (A l…
Trabecular bone anisotropy and orientation in an Early Pleistocene hominin talus from East Turkana, Kenya
Variation in limb proportions between Jomon foragers and Yayoi agriculturalists from prehistoric Japan
Variation in limb proportions between prehistoric Jomon and Yayoi people of Japan are explored by this study. Jomon people were the descendents of Pleistocene nomads who migrated to the Japanese Islands around 30,000 yBP. Phenotypic and genotypic evidence indicates that Yayoi people were recent migrants to Japan from continental Northeast Asia who likely interbred with Jomon foragers. Limb proportions of Jomon and Yayoi people were compared using…
New Hominoid Genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya
A new genus and species, Nacholapithecus kerioi have been erected for the large-bodied Miocene hominoid specimens discovered from Nachola, Kenya
Vertebral morphology of Nacholapithecus kerioi based on KNM-BG 35250
Definitive evidence for tail loss in Nacholapithecus, an East African Miocene hominoid
Reconstructing patterns of systemic stress in a Jomon period subadult using incremental microstructures of enamel
Comparative study of Moroto vertebral specimens
Energetic costs of bipedal and quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques
We investigated the energetic costs of quadrupedal and bipedal walking in two Japanese macaques. The subjects were engaged in traditional bipedal performance for years, and are extremely adept bipeds. The experiment was conducted in an airtight chamber with a gas analyzer. The subjects walked quadrupedally and bipedally at fixed velocities ( 2 ) production. While walking bipedally, energetic expenditure increased by 30% relative to quadrupedalism…
Kantis: A new Australopithecus site on the shoulders of the Rift Valley near Nairobi, Kenya
Tail loss in Proconsul heseloni
Earliest colobine skeletons from Nakali, Kenya
Old World monkeys represent one of the most successful adaptive radiations of modern primates, but a sparse fossil record has limited our knowledge about the early evolution of this clade. We report the discovery of two partial skeletons of an early colobine monkey ( Microcolobus ) from the Nakali Formation (9.8–9.9 Ma) in Kenya that share postcranial synapomorphies with extant colobines in relation to arboreality such as mediolaterally wide dist…
Three-dimensional musculoskeletal kinematics during bipedal locomotion in the Japanese macaque, reconstructed based on an anatomical model-matching method
Maxillae and associated gnathodental specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi, a large-bodied hominoid from Nachola, northern Kenya
Ground-reaction-force profiles of bipedal walking in bipedally trained Japanese monkeys
Energy expenditure of bipedal walking is higher than that of quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques
The authors previously compared energetic costs of bipedal and quadrupedal walking in bipedally trained macaques used for traditional Japanese monkey performances (Nakatsukasa et al. 2004 Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 124:248-256). These macaques used inverted pendulum mechanics during bipedal walking, which resulted in an efficient exchange of potential and kinetic energy. Nonetheless, energy expenditure during bipedal walking was significantly higher…
Forelimb long bones of Nacholapithecus (KNM-BG 35250) from the middle Miocene in Nachola, northern Kenya
This paper provides a thorough description of humeral, ulnar, and radial specimens of the Nacholapithecus holotype (KNM-BG 35250). A spool-shaped humeral trochlea (and keeled sigmoid notch of the ulna) is a hallmark of elbow joint evolution in hominoids. In lacking this feature, the elbow of Nacholapithecus is comparatively primitive, resembling that of proconsulids. However, the humeroulnar joint in Nacholapithecus is specialized for higher stab…
Hind limb of the Nacholapithecus kerioi holotype and implications for its positional behavior
We present the definitive description of the hind limb elements of the Nacholapithecus kerioi holotype (KNM-BG 35250) from the middle Miocene of Kenya. Previously, it has been noted that the postcranial (i.e. the phalanges, spine, and shoulder girdle) anatomy of N. kerioi shows greater affinity to other early/middle Miocene African hominoids, collectively called 'non-specialized pronograde arboreal quadrupeds,' than to extant hominoids. This was …
Morphology of the thoracolumbar spine of the middle Miocene hominoid Nacholapithecus kerioi from northern Kenya
Femur length, body mass, and stature estimates of Orrorin tugenensis, a 6 Ma hominid from Kenya
Loss of the subarcuate fossa and the phylogeny of Nacholapithecus
Cortical bone distribution in the femoral neck of Paranthropus robustus
Functional morphology and anatomy of cervical vertebrae in Nacholapithecus kerioi, a middle Miocene hominoid from Kenya
Cross section contour of femoral shaft at the mid point: Variation in modern Japanese and Jomon populations
The configuration of the femur cross section is usually described in terms of the cross section index. However, the morphological information which is presented in this index is limited. A new technique is introduced here to analyze the variation of whole cross-sectional outlines statistically, in which morphological variability can be summarized in terms of fundamental variational patterns. This technique was applied to cross sections of the mod…
Structural Strength of the Femur of Bipedally Trained Monkey
Structural strength of the femur of a Japanese monkey which had been trained for bipedalism for 11 years was studied using CT images. Cross-sectional properties were obtained at below the lesser trochanter level and at mid-length level. The analysis revealed significantly greater strength of the bone compared to ordinary monkeys. Despite greatly increased structural strength, bending rigidity pattern of the diaphysis is similar to that of ordinar…
Intrageneric variation of limb bones and implications for positional behavior in Old World monkeys
Primate species belonging to the same genus tend to vary primarily in the frequency of leaping, and in the preference of arboreal versus terrestrial locomotion. In order to check the extent to which locomotor habits find their expression in morphology, the intrageneric variation of some metrical characteristics, selected because of their known functional relevance, is investigated. Species of the genera Cercocebus, Cercopithecus, Presbytis and Co…
The Digitigrade Hand and Terrestrial Adaptation in Japanese Macaques
Hand positions of Japanese macaques were observed during stable ground standing. It was revealed that Japanese macaques preferentially utilize the digitigrade hand position. This agrees with previous claims that terrestrial primates tend to be digitigrade (e.g., Napier and Napier, 1967). In the digitigrade hand position, the second to fifth metacarpophalangeal joints are hyperextended with the metacarpi kept vertical. The proximal articular surfa…
Functional morphology of the postcranium and locomotor behavior ofNeosaimiri fieldsi, aSaimiri-like Middle Miocene platyrrhine
A number of postcranial specimens of Neosaimiri fieldsi, a Middle Miocene platyrrhine, were discovered in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at La Venta, Colombia. Until recently only three postcranial specimens of this species had been discovered and the present material adds further information about this taxon's postcranial morphology. In overall skeletal dimensions and in postcranial features, Neosaimiri is most similar to Saimiri among extant medium-sized…
Functional morphology of the postcranium and locomotor behavior of Neosaimiri fieldsi, a Saimiri-like Middle Miocene platyrrhine
A number of postcranial specimens of Neosaimiri fieldsi, a Middle Miocene platyrrhine, were discovered in 1988, 1989, and 1990 at La Venta, Colombia. Until recently only three postcranial specimens of this species had been discovered and the present material adds further information about this taxon's postcranial morphology. In overall skeletal dimensions and in postcranial features, Neosaimiri is most similar to Saimiri among extant medium-sized…
New Hominoid Genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya
A new genus and species, Nacholapithecus kerioi have been erected for the large-bodied Miocene hominoid specimens discovered from Nachola, Kenya
Effects of bipedal standing and walking on hindlimb bones of Japanese macaques
We examined morphologies of the femur, tibia and fibula of a Japanese macaque which had been trained for bipedal standing and walking for 8 years through the “Sarumawashi” (traditional Japanese bipedal monkey performance) and compared them with those which we previously described in another monkey trained in the same way for 11 years (Nakatsukasa et al., 1995, Folia Primat. 64: 1-29). This second individual lacked many of the distinctive features…
Paleo-primatology and -anthropology in Africa: Review and perspective at the millennium
The Fossil Footprints in Samburu Hills, Northern Kenya
Eighty-three mammalian footprints and 14 bird claw footprints of bird were found in the fossil site (SH-23) in Samburu Hills, northern Kenya. The site was the part of the Namurungule formation and near SH-22 where the Miocene fossil ape named Samburupithecus kiptalami was found. The footprints were left in sand sediments and a thin silt layer covered the sediments. The extent of the sediment face was not large (8×1.5 meter). The study of footprin…
Morphology of the hallucial phalanges in extant anthropoids and fossil hominoids
Pedal phalanges of living anthropoids and several Miocene fossil hominoid taxa were studied to reveal functional adaptations of living anthropoid feet and to infer positional behavior of fossil hominoids. Among the examined living anthropoids, Pan has a very developed (long and robust) hallux. Proconsul and Nacholapithecus, a large hominoid from Nachola, northern Kenya, display a moderately long hallux like Alouatta and Cebus, suggesting the well…
Scaling of lumbar vertebrae in anthropoids and implications for evolution of the hominoid axial skeleton
Comparative and functional anatomy of phalanges in Nacholapithecus kerioi , a Middle Miocene hominoid from northern Kenya
Definitive evidence for tail loss in Nacholapithecus, an East African Miocene hominoid
Preliminary analysis of Nacholapithecus scapula and clavicle from Nachola, Kenya
Kinematic analysis of bipedal locomotion of a Japanese macaque that lost its forearms due to congenital malformation
Do highly trained monkeys walk like humans? A kinematic study of bipedal locomotion in bipedally trained Japanese macaques
Energetic costs of bipedal and quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques
We investigated the energetic costs of quadrupedal and bipedal walking in two Japanese macaques. The subjects were engaged in traditional bipedal performance for years, and are extremely adept bipeds. The experiment was conducted in an airtight chamber with a gas analyzer. The subjects walked quadrupedally and bipedally at fixed velocities ( 2 ) production. While walking bipedally, energetic expenditure increased by 30% relative to quadrupedalism…
Nacholapithecus skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya
Maxillae and associated gnathodental specimens of Nacholapithecus kerioi, a large-bodied hominoid from Nachola, northern Kenya
Tail loss in Proconsul heseloni
Muscle dimensions in the chimpanzee hand
Energy expenditure of bipedal walking is higher than that of quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques
The authors previously compared energetic costs of bipedal and quadrupedal walking in bipedally trained macaques used for traditional Japanese monkey performances (Nakatsukasa et al. 2004 Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 124:248-256). These macaques used inverted pendulum mechanics during bipedal walking, which resulted in an efficient exchange of potential and kinetic energy. Nonetheless, energy expenditure during bipedal walking was significantly higher…
Computerized restoration of nonhomogeneous deformation of a fossil cranium based on bilateral symmetry
We developed a computerized method of correcting plastic deformation of a fossil skull, based on bilateral symmetry with respect to the midsagittal plane, and applied this method to reconstruction of a fossilized Proconsul heseloni cranium (KNM‐RU‐7290A). A three‐dimensional (3D) model of the fossil was generated using consecutive cross‐sectional images retrieved from computed tomography. 3D coordinates of anatomical landmarks that should be loca…
Femur length, body mass, and stature estimates of Orrorin tugenensis, a 6 Ma hominid from Kenya
Biology (75 works) · Primate Behavior and Ecology (67 works) · Anatomy (46 works) · Anatomy (43 works) · Evolution and Paleontology Studies (39 works) · Paleontology (35 works) · Paleontology (31 works) · Zoology (28 works) · Evolutionary biology (26 works) · Medicine (25 works)