Shmuel Bar

Biographic Data

ID131991
NAMEShmuel Bar
GIVEN NAMESShmuel
FAMILY NAMEBar
SIGNATUREBAR S
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of Haifa
ORCID0009-0004-6101-5641
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS34
TOTAL CITATIONS31
AUTHOR COUNT34
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1980
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX4

  • Isotope study and characterization of beads from a cultic context at Fazael 2

    Open AccessDaniella E Bar‐yosef Mayer, Yehudit Harlavan et al.ARTICLEJournal of Archaeological Science…2026

    Fazael 2 is a Late Chalcolithic site in the Jordan Valley, dating to the early part of the first quarter of the 4th millennium BCE. Within Stratum 2, ninety beads were found in a single strand of beads found in a context suspected as cultic. We employed microscopy to identify the materials and isotope ratios of Strontium, Neodymium, and lead to detect their geographic origins. All white carbonate beads of similar dimensions were studied by SEM an…

  • Refining collection-unit survey methodology: The Maharal Valley project case study

    Open AccessY Jaffe, Dmitry D Vasyukov et al.ARTICLEArchaeological and Anthropological…2025References: 9

    Archaeological field surveys frequently rely on collection unit methodologies to map surface artifact distributions across landscapes. While effective in rapidly covering large areas, these methods face persistent limitations that arise from sampling biases and post-depositional histories. The Maharal Valley Project, Israel, tackles these challenges through an innovative integrative framework that strengthens the analytical capabilities of collec…

  • A 7th century BCE Hacksilber hoard from Mras ed-Din: Metrology, Functional Analysis, Lead Isotopes and Historical Implications

    Open AccessTzilla Eshel, Iris Groman-Yaroslavski et al.ARTICLEArchaeological and Anthropological…2025References: 38

    A silver hoard from Mras ed-Din in the region of Samaria is published here for the first time. Dating to the seventh century BCE, the hoard comprises six large silver cut-ingots-also known as Hacksilber. The current study includes metrological, chemical and isotopic analysis. In addition, for the first time, functional analysis has been applied to hoarded cut-silver items. Results show that the cut-ingots conform to a series of shekel-based weigh…

  • A Note on a Figurine Surface Find from Fazael I

    Shmuel Bar, Shay BarARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2024

    Shay Bar, בר שי, شاي بار, A Note on a Figurine Surface Find from Fazael 1 - דיווח על צלמית מפצאל 1, בקעת הירדן, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"ד (2024), pp. 65-70

  • The Metal Assemblage of Early Iron Age el-Aḥwat: Trade and Metalworking in the Margins of the Southern Levantine Central Highlands

    Open AccessTzilla Eshel, Ofir Tirosh et al.ARTICLETel Aviv2023References: 6

    The large metal assemblage of the unique site of el-Aḥwat, a short-lived Iron I settlement, is presented here for the first time. It mainly comprises local tools, jewellery and evidence of bronzeworking, typical of Iron Age I urban settlements in the lowlands, mostly continuing Late Bronze Age traditions. Spatial distribution of the metal finds shows that metals were abundant across the site. Lead isotope analysis reveals that the copper at the s…

  • Canaanean Blade Production at Fazael 4 and the Tal`at `Amreh Quarry

    Katia Zutovski, Shmuel Bar et al.ARTICLELithic Technology2022References: 33

    This study explores the multi-stage specialized production of long and standard Canaanean flint blades for composite sickles in light of recent findings from the Early Bronze Age Canaanean blade workshop at Fazael 4, and the uncovering of a related flint quarry at Tal`at `Amreh Mountain. The new discovery presents a rare opportunity to explore all stages of production from raw material acquisition to the finished Canaanean blades. This study addr…

  • Excavations at the Early Bronze Age I Site Fazael 4: The 2017–2020 Seasons

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2021

    Shay Bar, שי בר, Katia Zutovski, קטיה זוטובסקי, Karolina Hruby, קרולינה חרובי, Catherine Ujma, קאתרין אוג'מה, Excavations at the Early Bronze Age I Site Fazael 4 - החפירות באתר הברונזה הקדומה I פצאל 4: עונות 2017–2020, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך נ"א (2021), pp. 261-303

  • A Large Copper Artefacts Assemblage of Fazael, Jordan Valley: New Evidence of Late Chalcolithic Copper Metallurgy in the Southern Levant

    Open AccessD Rosenberg, Eli Buchman et al.ARTICLEDocumenta Praehistorica2020

    Late Chalcolithic metallurgy developed in the southern Levant simultaneously with other crafts and new social institutions, reflecting advances in social organization, cults and technology. Until recently, copper items were mostly found in the Negev and Judean Desert, while other areas, specifically the Jordan Valley, were considered poor, with limited copper finds. Recent excavations at Late Chalcolithic Fazael in the Jordan Valley yielded dozen…

  • Pigments on Late Bronze Age painted Canaanite pottery at Tel Esur: New insights into Canaanite–Cypriot technological interaction

    Open AccessGolan Shalvi, S Shoval et al.ARTICLEJournal of Archaeological Science…2020References: 15

  • The re-tribalisation of the Middle East

    Shmuel BarARTICLEComparative Strategy2020

    The breakdown of nation states in the Middle East has precipitated a regression to the fundamental tribal identity. The success of al-Qaeda and ISIS later on in mobilizing the tribes for the insurgency in Iraq was due to their ability to reach out to the correct nodes of tribal influence. But their failure was also to a great extent due to their ignoring of tribal mores and sensitivities. Regimes in the region are aware of the risks of this trend…

  • Religion in war in the 21st century

    Shmuel BarARTICLEComparative Strategy2020

    This article argues that while decisions of religiously motivated parties in war may be “rational,” the “reality” that the decisions apply to may include transcendental elements that the nonbelievers may not perceive as “reality,” to wit; the actual involvement of the Deity or his angels in the battlefield, reward and punishment in the Afterworld for refraining from action in this world and the belief in supernatural omens and prophecy. Religious…

  • Israeli strategic deterrence doctrine and practice

    Shmuel BarARTICLEComparative Strategy2020Cited by: 1

    Israel is the only country whose neighbors have threatened it for most of its existence with total eradication. Despite Israel’s military advantages, Israel’s defense doctrine views war as the “no choice option” which carries a heavy social and economic price tag. Therefore, Israeli doctrine relies heavily on the projection of deterrence. Events over the years have given rise to debates in the Israeli public regarding the “erosion” of Israeli det…

  • The Pottery of Tel Esur, a Rural Canaanite Late Bronze Age Site on the Via Maris

    Golan Shalvi, Shmuel Bar et al.ARTICLEBulletin of the American Schools…2019

    Tel Esur is identifiable with D-f-tj (Djefty), mentioned by Thutmose III in his description of his march to Megiddo through the ʿAruna Pass. Recent excavations provide the first unequivocal indication that the site was inhabited during the Late Bronze Age as a farm/hamlet, perhaps also a waystation. The main architectural feature is a large partially-excavated structure, whose contents—mainly pottery—were well preserved by a destruction level. We…

  • Fazael 7: A Large Chalcolithic Architectural Complex in The Jordan Valley, The 2009-2016 Excavations

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2017

    Shay Bar, Haggai Cohen-Klonymus, Sonia Pinsky, Guy Bar-Oz, Roni Zuckerman, Golan Shalvi, Uri Davidovich, חגי כהן-קלונימוס, סוניה פינסקי, גיא בר-עוז, רוני צוקרמן, גולן שלוי, אורי דוידוביץ', שי בר, פצאל 7: מכלול אדריכלי גדול מהכלקולית המאוחר בבקעת הירדן, חפירות 2016-2009 / Fazael 7: A Large Chalcolithic Architectural Complex in the Jordan Valley, the 2009-2016 Excavations, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כ…

  • Canaanean Blade Knapping Waste Pit from Fazael 4, Israel

    Katia Zutovski, Shmuel Bar et al.ARTICLELithic Technology2017Cited by: 2References: 27

    A recently excavated Early Bronze Age IB Canaanean blade knapping pit, located at Fazael 4, Israel, is presented. Following a detailed analysis of the waste characteristics we suggest a reconstruction of the chaîne opératoire of the Canaanean blade production at the site. We further discuss the evident variability within the regional Canaanean industry, in view of the technological conservatism found at the Fazael 4 site; the distribution traject…

  • Ground stone tool assemblages at the end of the Chalcolithic period: A preliminary analysis of the Late Chalcolithic sites in the Fazael Valley

    Open AccessHaggai Cohen-Klonymus, Shmuel Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of Lithic Studies2016

    The very Late Chalcolithic sites of the Fazael Valley exhibit changes in settlement patterns and material culture. This paper presents the analysis of the ground stone tool assemblages of these sites, and includes the combination of attribute analysis, functional typology, and spatial and contextual analyses, allowing comparisons both between the different sites and between different phases within the sites. The assemblages of the late sites of F…

  • The implications of the Caliphate

    Shmuel BarARTICLEComparative Strategy2016

    Regardless of the outcome of the military campaign, the “Islamic State” is a watershed. Its regime derives from the personage of the Caliph as the “Substitute of the Prophet of Allah” and “Commander of the Believers.” But it seeks not to restore the model of previous Caliphates, but to resurrect the regime of the Prophet who spread Islam “with the sword” so that “the word of Allah becomes supreme.” The Caliphate paradigm is incompatible with tole…

  • Fazael 5: Soundings in a Chalcolithic Site in the Jordan Valley

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2015

    Shay Bar, Haggai Cohen-Klonymus, Sonia Pinsky, Guy Bar-Oz, Golan Shalvi, שי בר, חגי כהן קלונימוס, סוניה פינסקי, גיא בר-עוז, גולן שלוי, פצאל 5: חפירת בדיקה באתר מהתקופה הכלקוליתית המאוחרת בבקעת הירדן / Fazael 5: Soundings in a Chalcolithic Site in the Jordan Valley, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ה (2015), pp. 193-216

  • The Settlement Patterns in the Northern Samaria Highlands During the Late Chalcolithic Period

    Shmuel Bar, Shay BarARTICLEPalestine Exploration Quarterly2015References: 1

    This article deals with settlement activity during the Late Chalcolithic period in the northern Samaria highlands. This region is one of the last unexplored areas of this period in the southern Levant. The study reveals the settlement patterns and subsistence economy of the population that inhabited this area

  • Fazael 1, A Chalcolithic Site in the Jordan Valley: Report of the 2013-2014 Excavation Seasons

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2014

    Shay Bar, Guy Bar-Oz, Haggai Cohen-Klonymus, Sonia Pinsky, שי בר, גיא בר-עוז, חגי כהן קלונימוס, סוניה פינסקי, פצאל 1, אתר מהתקופה הכלקוליתית בבקעת הירדן - תוצאות שתי עונות החפירה הראשונות (2013-2014) / Fazael 1, A Chalcolithic Site in the Jordan Valley: Report of the 2013-2014 Excavation Seasons, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ד (2014), pp. 180-201

  • Fazael 2, One of The Latest Chalcolithic Sites in the Jordan Valley? Report of The 2007—2008 Excavation Seasons

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2013

    Shay Bar, Guy Bar-Oz, Dror Ben-Yosef, Elisabetta Boaretto, Noa Raban-Gerstel, Haim Winter, שי בר, גיא בר-עוז, דרור בן-יוסף, אליזבטה בוארטו, נעה רבן-גרסטל, חיים וינטר, פצאל 2, שלהי התקופה הכלקוליתית בבקעת הירדן? תוצאות שתי עונות החפירה הראשונות (2007—2008) / Fazael 2, One of the Latest Chalcolithic Sites in the Jordan Valley? Report of the 2007—2008 Excavation Seasons, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך …

  • Shifting Settlement Patterns in the Southern Jordan Valley and Desert Fringes of Samaria During the Early Bronze Age I Period

    Shmuel Bar, Shay BarARTICLEPalestine Exploration Quarterly2013Cited by: 4References: 3

    This study deals with the unprecedented settlement activity during the Early Bronze Age I that has been recently recorded in the Jordan Valley and the desert fringes of Samaria. The increase in the number of sites primarily characterises the latter part of the period (Early Bronze Age IB), and is accompanied by two other important phenomena: population inroads into new regions, and the first appearance of fortified sites. A profound crisis at the…

  • Aspects of Radiocarbon Determinations and the Dating of the Transition from The Chalcolithic Period to Early Bronze Age I in the Southern Levant

    Eliot Braun, Edwin C M Van Den Brink et al.ARTICLEPaléorient2013Cited by: 8References: 1

    Bien qu’une séquence chrono-culturelle comprenant une période chalcolitique suivie d’un Bronze ancien ait été depuis longtemps établie pour le sud Levant, la transition entre ces deux périodes demeure mal comprise. Des découvertes récentes, en particulier dans le piémont occidental de Judée-Samarie, la Shéphéla, témoignent d’une occupation continue. Elles fournissent des informations importantes sur la nature de cette transition et sur les liens …

  • The Archaeological Excavations at The Early Bronze Age I Site Fazael 4, Jordan Valley, Israel

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLEJournal of the Israel Prehistoric…2012

    SHAY BAR, OREN COHEN, RONI ZUCKERMAN, HAIM WINTER, שי בר, אורן כהן, רוני צוקרמן, חיים חורף, חפירות ארכיאולוגיות מתקופת הברונזה הקדומה, א' באתר פצאל 4, עמק הירדן, ישראל / The Archaeological Excavations at the Early Bronze Age I site Fazael 4, Jordan Valley, Israel, Mitekufat Haeven: Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society / מתקופת האבן, כרך מ"ב (תשע"ג, 2012), pp. 193-226

  • Note on a New Type of Intermediate Bronze Age Storage Jar

    Shmuel Bar, Shay Bar et al.ARTICLETel Aviv2012

    This paper presents a new type of locally manufactured Intermediate Bronze Age storage jar. Its distribution is restricted to northeastern Samaria and along the Jordan Valley. This jar type provides a glimpse into the highly regional aspect of the pottery production in the IBA