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B Simpson

Biographic Data

ID14829
NAMEB Simpson
GIVEN NAMESB
FAMILY NAMESimpson
SIGNATURESIMPSON B
AFFILIATIONSUniversity of South Carolina
ORCID0000-0001-9468-157X
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS62
TOTAL CITATIONS576
AUTHOR COUNT62
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1997
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2026
H-INDEX14
  • How Norms Depend on the Presence and Status of Observers: The Relational Contingency of Everyday Behaviors in 90 Societies

    Open Access•B Simpson, Kimmo Eriksson et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•2026

    Norms are fundamental to social life, but basic questions about how they are affected by social context remain. Specifically, how do normative constraints depend on the presence and status of observers, and how do such relational contingencies vary across cultures? Using data from more than 25,000 individuals across 90 societies, we test several hypotheses linking normative constraints on everyday behaviors (like arguing, laughing, cursing, kissi…

  • Is the Welfare State Bad for Citizens’ Moral Character? Beliefs and Evidence

    Open Access•Kimmo Eriksson, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Socius Sociological Research for…•2025•References: 11

    Conservative thinkers have long warned that the welfare state may weaken society’s moral fiber. But this claim has not been empirically examined. The authors link publicly available data on the sizes of welfare states with behavioral data from a recent study in which thousands of lost wallets were distributed in 40 countries to measure how often they were returned to their owners. A preregistered study ( n = 194) confirmed that U.S. Republicans p…

  • Who Approves of Gossip, Ostracism, and Confrontation Following Norm Violations? A Cross-Cultural Test of Gender Stereotypes

    Open Access•B Simpson, Isabela Hazin et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2025•References: 23

    Existing research and popular culture suggest that women are more approving of gossip. But are they? This research note uses two studies to ask whether gender stereotypes about gossip and other key responses to norm violations are wrong. The first study (N = 133) confirms that people stereotype women as more approving of gossip and that they hold gender stereotypes about other key responses to those who violate social norms, namely, ostracism and…

  • Radical climate protests linked to increases in public support for moderate organizations

    Open Access•Markus Ostarek, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Nature Sustainability•2024•Cited by: 4•References: 4

  • Everybody herds, sometimes: Cumulative advantage as a product of rational learning

    Open Access•Jacob Dijkstra, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Mathematical Sociology•2023•References: 8

    We propose a model of cumulative advantage (CA) as an unintended consequence of the choices of a population of individuals. Each individual searches for a high quality object from a set comprising high and low quality objects. Individuals rationally learn from their own experience with objects (reinforcement learning) and from the observation of others’ choices (social learning). We show that CA emerges inexorably as individuals rely more on soci…

  • Discrimination reduces work effort of those who are disadvantaged and those who are advantaged by it

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Nature Human Behaviour•2023•References: 44

  • Ideology shapes how workers perceive and react to workplace discrimination: An experimental study on parenthood discrimination

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2022•Cited by: 3•References: 45

  • Measuring Perceptions of Economic Inequality and Justice: An Empirical Assessment

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Justice Research•2021

  • Generosity pays: Selfish people have fewer children and earn less money

    Open Access•Kimmo Eriksson, Irina Vartanova et al.•ARTICLE•Journal of Personality and Social…•2020•Cited by: 2

    Does selfishness pay in the long term? Previous research has indicated that being prosocial (or otherish) rather than selfish has positive consequences for psychological well-being, physical health, and relationships. Here we instead examine the consequences for individuals' incomes and number of children, as these are the currencies that matter most in theories that emphasize the power of self-interest, namely economics and evolutionary thinking…

  • Judgments of Economic Fairness Are Based More on Perceived Economic Mobility Than Perceived Inequality

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Socius Sociological Research for…•2020•Cited by: 19•References: 45

    Are judgments of the fairness of the American economy based on perceptions of economic inequality, mobility, or both? In two experiments, the authors varied information on levels of U.S. inequality and mobility, measuring effects on individuals' judgments of economic fairness and meritocracy. Although both treatments influenced perceptions of economic fairness and meritocracy, the mobility effect was generally larger. The two treatments did not i…

  • Homophily and Segregation in Cooperative Networks

    David Melamed, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Sociology•2020•Cited by: 20•References: 111

    Social networks affect individuals’ ability to solve conflicts between individual and collective interests. Indeed, the ability to seek out cooperative others is a key explanation for the high levels of cooperation observed in social life. In contrast to existing research on cooperation and networks, sorting in the real world is typically driven by homophily, or similarity on socially significant attributes like ethnicity or religion. Here the au…

  • Influence of the insider floater on heart rate, perceived exertion and technical demand in soccer ́s small-sided games

    Open Access•Daniel Hernández, Javier Sánchez-Sánchez et al.•ARTICLE•Cultura Ciencia y Deporte•2019

    The aim of our study has been to verify the effect of the insider floater at the heart rate (HR), the perceived exertion (RPE) and the technical actions associated with small-sided games (SSGs) 4vs4 with goal. Sixteen players (17.1 ± 0.8 years, 173.9 ± 4.5 cm height, 65.4 ± 5.4 kg body mass and 54.6 ± 2.8 ml/kg/min VO2max) participated in SSGs 4vs4 with and without insider floater, under an invasion format and another one of goals scored. HR, RPE…

  • What do the upwardly mobile think they deserve, and why? A multi-method investigation

    Open Access•B Simpson, D Melamed•ARTICLE•Research in Social Stratification…•2019•References: 16

  • Rational Choice Theories

    Open Access•B Simpson, Ashley Harrell•OTHER•The Blackwell Encyclopedia of…•2018

    Rational choice theories explain social outcomes via the aggregated actions of rational or purposive actors. The actors are rational in the sense that, given a set of values, beliefs, and preferences, they calculate the relative costs and benefits of alternative actions; from these calculations, they choose the action that maximizes their expected utility. Rational choice models assume that the range of alternative actions available to actors is …

  • The Roots of Reciprocity: Gratitude and Reputation in Generalized Exchange Systems

    Open Access•B Simpson, Ashley Harrell et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•2018•Cited by: 24•References: 53

    Social scientists often study the flow of material and social support as generalized exchange systems. These systems are associated with an array of benefits to groups and communities, but their existence is problematic, because individuals may be motivated to take from the system without giving back to it. Researchers have identified two broad processes governing prosociality in generalized exchange systems: generalized reciprocity (a person who…

  • Elementary Forms of Social Relations: Status, Power and Reference Groups

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2018•Cited by: 5

  • Does Violent Protest Backfire? Testing a Theory of Public Reactions to Activist Violence

    Open Access•B Simpson, R Willer et al.•ARTICLE•Socius Sociological Research for…•2018•Cited by: 69•References: 29

    How do people respond to violent political protest? The authors present a theory proposing that the use of violence leads the general public to view a protest group as less reasonable, a perception that reduces identification with the group. This reduced identification in turn reduces public support for the violent group. Furthermore, the authors argue that violence also leads to more support for groups that are perceived as opposing the violent …

  • Higher Inequality Increases the Gap in the Perceived Merit of the Rich and Poor

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2017•Cited by: 21•References: 30

    The rewards people receive are often taken as indirect evidence of their merit. We outline an argument that addresses how the magnitude of macrolevel income inequalities affects perceptions of the distribution of merit in a society. We propose that higher levels of economic inequality will lead to perceptions of greater differences in merit such that societies with higher inequality will be characterized by a larger “merit gap,” namely, larger di…

  • Cumulative advantage in collective action groups: How competition for group members alters the provision of public goods

    Open Access•B Simpson, Ozan Aksoy•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2017•Cited by: 3•References: 41

  • Why is the Pack Persuasive? The Effect of Choice Status on Perceptions of Quality

    Open Access•Freda B Lynn, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Science•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 19

    The logic of social proof and related arguments posits that decision makers interpret an actor's sociometric position (such as popularity) as a signal for quality, especially when quality itself is difficult to ascertain. Although prior work shows that market-level behavioral patterns are consistent with this micro-level account, we seek to explicitly examine the extent to which (and the conditions under which) sociometric status information actu…

  • The Dynamics of Prosocial Leadership: Power and Influence in Collective Action Groups

    Ashley Harrell, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2015

    This paper bridges insights from theories of collective action, power, and influence to address the conditions under which group leaders solve collective action problems. We show how leaders' behaviors impact the success of collective action groups as a whole via both power and influence processes. In a laboratory experiment, groups first completed a baseline measure of cooperation in a public good dilemma without punishment. In a second phase, t…

  • Strong ties promote the evolution of cooperation in dynamic networks

    Open Access•David Melamed, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Networks•2015

  • Beyond Altruism: Sociological Foundations of Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior

    B Simpson, R Willer•ARTICLE•Annual Review of Sociology•2015•Cited by: 97•References: 60

    In explaining the sources of cooperation and prosocial behavior, psychologists, behavioral economists, and biologists often focus on factors internal to the individual, such as altruistic motivations, other-regarding preferences, and prosocial emotions. By contrast, sociologists typically emphasize social forces external to the individual, including norms, reputation systems, and social networks. Here we review evidence for these rules, reputatio…

  • Poverty Prefers Company

    Open Access•Kimmo Eriksson, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Psychological and…•2014

    In three web-based experiments, we show that both actual poverty and experimentally induced (imagined) poverty create a preference for greater inequality. Study 1, a cross-national comparison between Americans and Swedes, showed that respondents who were actually poor and those who were experimentally induced to imagine that they were poor tended to express a heightened preference for greater inequality, and for a higher proportion of poor citize…

  • Money, Banking, and the Business Cycle: Remedies and Alternative Theories

    Open Access•B Simpson, Brian P Simpson•BOOK•Money, Banking, and the Business…•2014

    The business cycle is a complex phenomenon. On the surface, it involves a multitude of mechanisms, such as oscillations in interest rates, prices, wages, unemployment, output, and spending. But a deep

Next
  • Beyond Altruism: Sociological Foundations of Cooperation and Prosocial Behavior

    B Simpson, R Willer•ARTICLE•Annual Review of Sociology•2015•Cited by: 97•References: 60

    In explaining the sources of cooperation and prosocial behavior, psychologists, behavioral economists, and biologists often focus on factors internal to the individual, such as altruistic motivations, other-regarding preferences, and prosocial emotions. By contrast, sociologists typically emphasize social forces external to the individual, including norms, reputation systems, and social networks. Here we review evidence for these rules, reputatio…

  • Does Violent Protest Backfire? Testing a Theory of Public Reactions to Activist Violence

    Open Access•B Simpson, R Willer et al.•ARTICLE•Socius Sociological Research for…•2018•Cited by: 69•References: 29

    How do people respond to violent political protest? The authors present a theory proposing that the use of violence leads the general public to view a protest group as less reasonable, a perception that reduces identification with the group. This reduced identification in turn reduces public support for the violent group. Furthermore, the authors argue that violence also leads to more support for groups that are perceived as opposing the violent …

  • Altruism and Indirect Reciprocity: The Interaction of Person and Situation in Prosocial Behavior

    Open Access•B Simpson, R Willer•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 36•References: 29

    A persistent puzzle in the social and biological sciences is the existence of prosocial behavior, actions that benefit others, often at a cost to oneself. Recent theoretical models and empirical studies of indirect reciprocity show that actors behave prosocially in order to develop an altruistic reputation and receive future benefits from third parties. Accordingly, individuals should stop investing in reputations via prosocial behavior when a fu…

  • Are Blacks Really Less Trusting than Whites? Revisiting the Race and Trust Question

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2007•Cited by: 35

    Many scholars have concluded that blacks are less trusting than whites. The research presented here calls that conclusion into question. Previous research has been based on the standard trust measure, which may not be well suited to understanding how trust varies with social categories such as race. Building on theories of self-categorization and social identity, we argue that blacks are not less trusting than whites as suggested in previous work…

  • The Poverty of Trust in the Southern United States

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2006•Cited by: 26

    This paper bridges two lines of research. One line shows that social relations in the southern United States are more "collectivist" than social relations in non-southern regions. The second line of work argues that collectivist social relations generate lower levels of general trust than individualist social relations. At the intersection of these two arguments is the prediction that Southerners are, on average, less trusting than non-Southerner…

  • The Roots of Reciprocity: Gratitude and Reputation in Generalized Exchange Systems

    Open Access•B Simpson, Ashley Harrell et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•2018•Cited by: 24•References: 53

    Social scientists often study the flow of material and social support as generalized exchange systems. These systems are associated with an array of benefits to groups and communities, but their existence is problematic, because individuals may be motivated to take from the system without giving back to it. Researchers have identified two broad processes governing prosociality in generalized exchange systems: generalized reciprocity (a person who…

  • Social Identity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Rationality and Society•2006•Cited by: 24•References: 18

    This article presents a refined explanation of why minimal group identities affect cooperation in social dilemmas. The refined approach builds on key tenets of social identity theory to argue that identity affects cooperation by leadings actors to maximize ingroup outcomes and minimize ingroup inequalities. A key implication of the argument is that social identity is predicted to reduce actors' responses to the 'greed component' in social dilemma…

  • Higher Inequality Increases the Gap in the Perceived Merit of the Rich and Poor

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2017•Cited by: 21•References: 30

    The rewards people receive are often taken as indirect evidence of their merit. We outline an argument that addresses how the magnitude of macrolevel income inequalities affects perceptions of the distribution of merit in a society. We propose that higher levels of economic inequality will lead to perceptions of greater differences in merit such that societies with higher inequality will be characterized by a larger “merit gap,” namely, larger di…

  • Status Hierarchies and the Organization of Collective Action

    Open Access•B Simpson, R Willer et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Theory•2012•Cited by: 21•References: 52

    Most work on collective action assumes that group members are undifferentiated by status, or standing, in the group. Yet such undifferentiated groups are rare, if they exist at all. Here we extend an existing sociological research program to address how extant status hierarchies help organize collective actions by coordinating how much and when group members should contribute to group efforts. We outline three theoretically derived predictions of…

  • Homophily and Segregation in Cooperative Networks

    David Melamed, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•American Journal of Sociology•2020•Cited by: 20•References: 111

    Social networks affect individuals’ ability to solve conflicts between individual and collective interests. Indeed, the ability to seek out cooperative others is a key explanation for the high levels of cooperation observed in social life. In contrast to existing research on cooperation and networks, sorting in the real world is typically driven by homophily, or similarity on socially significant attributes like ethnicity or religion. Here the au…

  • Judgments of Economic Fairness Are Based More on Perceived Economic Mobility Than Perceived Inequality

    Open Access•N Heiserman, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Socius Sociological Research for…•2020•Cited by: 19•References: 45

    Are judgments of the fairness of the American economy based on perceptions of economic inequality, mobility, or both? In two experiments, the authors varied information on levels of U.S. inequality and mobility, measuring effects on individuals' judgments of economic fairness and meritocracy. Although both treatments influenced perceptions of economic fairness and meritocracy, the mobility effect was generally larger. The two treatments did not i…

  • Sex, Fear, and Greed: A Social Dilemma Analysis of Gender and Cooperation

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2003•Cited by: 17

    Results from previous studies have led many researchers to conclude that sex has no effect on cooperation in social dilemmas. This article reconciles strong theoretical expectations of sex differences in cooperation with the dearth of empirical evidence for such differences. I show that several theories of sex- or gender-related behavior suggest we should expect males and females to respond more strongly to greed and fear, respectively, in social…

  • Social Values, Subjective Transformations, and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2004•Cited by: 16•References: 22

    A persistent anomaly in the social dilemmas literature is the surprisingly high level of cooperation observed in experimental investigations of the one-shot Prisoners' Dilemma (PD).The exchange heuristic hypothesis and related approaches explain this finding by arguing that actors subjectively transform PD into the Assurance Dilemma. A tendency to transform PD into Assurance is expected to increase cooperation because defection is the dominant st…

  • Power, Identity, and Collective Action in Social Exchange

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2004•Cited by: 14

    Our research aims to bring collective action back into the study of structural determinants of power in social exchange. Previous research has focused primarily on the bargaining power of actors whose locations in exchange networks confer different risks of exclusion. We argue that structural position affects not only bargaining power but also the ability of low-power actors to organize against unequal bargaining power. We hypothesize that collec…

  • Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions

    Henry A Walker, Shane R Thye et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2000•Cited by: 14

    Henry A. Walker, Shane R. Thye, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia, David Willer, Barry Markovsky, Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 324-337

  • Much Ado About Deception: Consequences of Deceiving Research Participants in the Social Sciences

    Open Access•D Barrera, B Simpson•ARTICLE•Sociological Methods & Research•2012•Cited by: 11•References: 56

    Social scientists have intensely debated the use of deception in experimental research, and conflicting norms governing the use of deception are now firmly entrenched along disciplinary lines. Deception is typically allowed in sociology and social psychology but proscribed in economics. Notably, disagreements about the use of deception are generally not based on ethical considerations but on pragmatic grounds: the anti-deception camp argues that …

  • Does Power Affect Perception in Social Networks? Two Arguments and an Experimental Test

    Open Access•B Simpson, Casey Borch•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2005•Cited by: 11•References: 23

    This research investigates competing arguments about the relationship between power and perception in social networks. One line of research predicts that occupants of structurally advantaged positions have more accurate perceptions of ties in their networks (i.e., who is tied to whom); another line asserts that lower-power actors have more accurate perceptions. On the basis of previous work, we suggest that any relationship between power and perc…

  • Implicit racial bias and prosocial behavior

    Open Access•Irena Stepanikova, Jennifer Triplett et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2011•Cited by: 10•References: 75

  • The Detrimental Effects of Sanctions on Intragroup Trust: Comparing Punishments and Rewards

    Open Access•Kyle Irwin, Laetitia B Mulder et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2014•Cited by: 9•References: 51

    Recent work shows that both reward and punishment systems increase short-term cooperation in social dilemmas. Yet, a growing body of research finds that punishment systems generate a range of negative side effects, including an undermining of trust in fellow group members’ cooperative intentions. The present work asks whether reward systems can generate the same positive effects as punishment systems (increased cooperation) without the negative s…

  • The Dynamics of Contracts and Generalized Trustworthiness

    Open Access•B Simpson, Kimmo Eriksson•ARTICLE•Rationality and Society•2009•Cited by: 9•References: 28

    Generalized trust, or trust in strangers, has been traced to a wide range of societal benefits. But generalized trust is not sustainable in the absence of widespread generalized trustworthiness, that is, the tendency for strangers to honor trust extended to them. While there has been much work on the origins and consequences of generalized trust, surprisingly little research has addressed the antecedents of generalized trustworthiness. We argue t…

  • Power in Exchange Networks: Critique of a New Theory

    B Markovsky, D Willer et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•1997•Cited by: 8•References: 4

    B. Markovsky et al. examinent de facon critique la theorie des phenomenes de pouvoir, dans le cadre des reseaux sociaux d'echange, developpee par K. Yamaguchi. Ils estiment que son modele presente des contradictions. Ils mettent en doute la validite des indicateurs utilises. Ils affirment que les analyses de Yamaguchi sont erronees en ce sens qu'elles ne parviennent pas a etre confirmees statistiquement. K. Yamaguchi replique a Markovsky et al.. …

  • Why is the Pack Persuasive? The Effect of Choice Status on Perceptions of Quality

    Open Access•Freda B Lynn, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Sociological Science•2016•Cited by: 7•References: 19

    The logic of social proof and related arguments posits that decision makers interpret an actor's sociometric position (such as popularity) as a signal for quality, especially when quality itself is difficult to ascertain. Although prior work shows that market-level behavioral patterns are consistent with this micro-level account, we seek to explicitly examine the extent to which (and the conditions under which) sociometric status information actu…

  • Trust and embedded markets: A multi-method investigation of consumer transactions

    Open Access•B Simpson, Tucker Mcgrimmon et al.•ARTICLE•Social Networks•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 35

  • Status Characteristics and Performance Expectations: A Reformulation

    Open Access•B Simpson, Henry A Walker•ARTICLE•Sociological Theory•2002•Cited by: 7•References: 15

    Status characteristics theory predicts the emergence and structure of power and prestige orders in task groups from members' status attributes. This paper argues that application of the burden of proof assumption, central to the theory, is inconsistent with a key concept, generalized expectation state. A reformulation is proposed that eliminates the inconsistency and gives competing predictions for a wide range of situations. The reformulation pr…

  • Collective Action and Power Inequality: Coalitions in Exchange Networks

    B Simpson, Michael W Macy•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2001•Cited by: 6

    This paper integrates research in network exchange and collective action. Network exchange research typically assumes that structurally disadvantaged actors cannot collude. Meanwhile, collective action research shows that cooperation can be undermined by the temptation to free-ride on others' efforts. In this paper we extend the scope of network exchange theory by allowing low-power actors to form coalitions. We also extend game-theoretic researc…

  • Power in Exchange Networks: Critique of a New Theory

    B Markovsky, D Willer et al.•ARTICLE•American Sociological Review•1997•Cited by: 8•References: 4

    B. Markovsky et al. examinent de facon critique la theorie des phenomenes de pouvoir, dans le cadre des reseaux sociaux d'echange, developpee par K. Yamaguchi. Ils estiment que son modele presente des contradictions. Ils mettent en doute la validite des indicateurs utilises. Ils affirment que les analyses de Yamaguchi sont erronees en ce sens qu'elles ne parviennent pas a etre confirmees statistiquement. K. Yamaguchi replique a Markovsky et al.. …

  • Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions

    Henry A Walker, Shane R Thye et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2000•Cited by: 14

    Henry A. Walker, Shane R. Thye, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia, David Willer, Barry Markovsky, Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 324-337

  • Equating Characteristics and Status-Organizing Processes

    Henry A Walker, B Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2000•Cited by: 4

    After three decades of research, it remains unclear whether actors use equal status information in status-generalizing processes. In this article we use the graph-theoretic interpretation of status-characteristic theory to examine the question. The analysis suggests that equating information can produce substantial changes in individual expectations for actors differentiated on one or more status characteristics. Sizable changes in expectations, …

  • Collective Action and Power Inequality: Coalitions in Exchange Networks

    B Simpson, Michael W Macy•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2001•Cited by: 6

    This paper integrates research in network exchange and collective action. Network exchange research typically assumes that structurally disadvantaged actors cannot collude. Meanwhile, collective action research shows that cooperation can be undermined by the temptation to free-ride on others' efforts. In this paper we extend the scope of network exchange theory by allowing low-power actors to form coalitions. We also extend game-theoretic researc…

  • Excavation of an Iron Age and Romano-British enclosure at Woodend Farm, Johnstonebridge, Annandalw, 1994 and 1997

    Iain Banks, D Alldritt et al.•ARTICLE•Proceedings of the Society of…•2002

    Excavations were undertaken at a multi-vallate enclosure in advance of the construction of an extension of the M6 motorway. Geophysical survey and excavation revealed a third bank beyond two upstanding banks. Within the interior, seven separate blocks of superimposed buildings were observed, together with an eighth, single-phase structure interpreted as an animal pen. Artefacts were few, consisting of worked stones and querns, while the radiocarb…

  • Status Characteristics and Performance Expectations: A Reformulation

    Open Access•B Simpson, Henry A Walker•ARTICLE•Sociological Theory•2002•Cited by: 7•References: 15

    Status characteristics theory predicts the emergence and structure of power and prestige orders in task groups from members' status attributes. This paper argues that application of the burden of proof assumption, central to the theory, is inconsistent with a key concept, generalized expectation state. A reformulation is proposed that eliminates the inconsistency and gives competing predictions for a wide range of situations. The reformulation pr…

  • Sex, Fear, and Greed: A Social Dilemma Analysis of Gender and Cooperation

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2003•Cited by: 17

    Results from previous studies have led many researchers to conclude that sex has no effect on cooperation in social dilemmas. This article reconciles strong theoretical expectations of sex differences in cooperation with the dearth of empirical evidence for such differences. I show that several theories of sex- or gender-related behavior suggest we should expect males and females to respond more strongly to greed and fear, respectively, in social…

  • Social Values, Subjective Transformations, and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2004•Cited by: 16•References: 22

    A persistent anomaly in the social dilemmas literature is the surprisingly high level of cooperation observed in experimental investigations of the one-shot Prisoners' Dilemma (PD).The exchange heuristic hypothesis and related approaches explain this finding by arguing that actors subjectively transform PD into the Assurance Dilemma. A tendency to transform PD into Assurance is expected to increase cooperation because defection is the dominant st…

  • Power, Identity, and Collective Action in Social Exchange

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2004•Cited by: 14

    Our research aims to bring collective action back into the study of structural determinants of power in social exchange. Previous research has focused primarily on the bargaining power of actors whose locations in exchange networks confer different risks of exclusion. We argue that structural position affects not only bargaining power but also the ability of low-power actors to organize against unequal bargaining power. We hypothesize that collec…

  • Contemplating choice: Attitudes towards intervening in human reproduction in Sri Lanka

    Open Access•B Simpson, Barry J Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•New Genetics and Society•2005

    To date, relatively little is known about the ethical, legal and social responses to recent advances in reproductive and genetic technology outside Europe and North America. This article reports on a survey carried out among doctors (n=278) and medical students (n=1256) in Sri Lanka to find out more about their responses to novel interventions in human reproduction such as In-Vitro Fertilization, Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis and genetic eng…

  • Does Power Affect Perception in Social Networks? Two Arguments and an Experimental Test

    Open Access•B Simpson, Casey Borch•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2005•Cited by: 11•References: 23

    This research investigates competing arguments about the relationship between power and perception in social networks. One line of research predicts that occupants of structurally advantaged positions have more accurate perceptions of ties in their networks (i.e., who is tied to whom); another line asserts that lower-power actors have more accurate perceptions. On the basis of previous work, we suggest that any relationship between power and perc…

  • Brazil's Indians and the Onslaught of Civilization: The Yanomami and the Kayapó

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•2005

  • The Structural Embeddedness of Collective Goods: Connection and Coalitions in Exchange Networks

    Open Access•B Simpson, D Willer•ARTICLE•Sociological Theory•2005•Cited by: 2•References: 29

    The growing body of literature on coalitions in exchange networks has addressed issues such as the kind of social dilemmas posed and how structurally disadvantaged actors overcome free-rider problems. We add to this stream of research by focusing explicitly on what low-power actors can gain from collective action. We offer theory that predicts whether actors can gain a collective good by forming coalitions and, if so, the size of that good, for a…

  • Does a “Norm of Self-Interest” Discourage Prosocial Behavior? Rationality and Quid Pro Quo in Charitable Giving

    Open Access•B Simpson, Kyle Irwin et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2006•Cited by: 5•References: 16

    Previous studies by Holmes, Miller, and Lerner (2002) support the norm of self-interest and exchange fiction hypotheses. Together these arguments state that people want to act on compassionate feelings (e.g., by donating to charities) but are reluctant to do so if they cannot justify their behavior as being in line with their own self-interest. Thus a person will be more likely to contribute to a charity when he or she receives a product in excha…

  • Social Identity and Cooperation in Social Dilemmas

    Open Access•B Simpson•ARTICLE•Rationality and Society•2006•Cited by: 24•References: 18

    This article presents a refined explanation of why minimal group identities affect cooperation in social dilemmas. The refined approach builds on key tenets of social identity theory to argue that identity affects cooperation by leadings actors to maximize ingroup outcomes and minimize ingroup inequalities. A key implication of the argument is that social identity is predicted to reduce actors' responses to the 'greed component' in social dilemma…

  • The Poverty of Trust in the Southern United States

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2006•Cited by: 26

    This paper bridges two lines of research. One line shows that social relations in the southern United States are more "collectivist" than social relations in non-southern regions. The second line of work argues that collectivist social relations generate lower levels of general trust than individualist social relations. At the intersection of these two arguments is the prediction that Southerners are, on average, less trusting than non-Southerner…

  • Rational Choice Theories

    Open Access•B Simpson•OTHER•The Blackwell Encyclopedia of…•2007•Cited by: 2

    Rational choice theories explain social behavior via the aggregated actions of rational or purposive actors. The actors are rational in the sense that, given a set of values and beliefs, they calculate the relative costs and benefits of alternative actions and, from these calculations, make a choice that maximizes their expected utility. Rational choice models assume that the range of alternatives open to actors is constrained by the environment …

  • Are Blacks Really Less Trusting than Whites? Revisiting the Race and Trust Question

    B Simpson, Brooks D Simpson et al.•ARTICLE•Social Forces•2007•Cited by: 35

    Many scholars have concluded that blacks are less trusting than whites. The research presented here calls that conclusion into question. Previous research has been based on the standard trust measure, which may not be well suited to understanding how trust varies with social categories such as race. Building on theories of self-categorization and social identity, we argue that blacks are not less trusting than whites as suggested in previous work…

  • Sympathy and Social Order

    Open Access•Kyle Irwin, Tucker Mcgrimmon et al.•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 2•References: 49

    Social order is possible only if individuals forgo the narrow pursuit of self-interest for the greater good. For over a century, social scientists have argued that sympathy mitigates self-interest and recent empirical work supports this claim. Much less is known about why actors experience sympathy in the first place, particularly in fleeting interactions with strangers, where cooperation is especially uncertain. We argue that perceived interdepe…

  • Altruism and Indirect Reciprocity: The Interaction of Person and Situation in Prosocial Behavior

    Open Access•B Simpson, R Willer•ARTICLE•Social Psychology Quarterly•2008•Cited by: 36•References: 29

    A persistent puzzle in the social and biological sciences is the existence of prosocial behavior, actions that benefit others, often at a cost to oneself. Recent theoretical models and empirical studies of indirect reciprocity show that actors behave prosocially in order to develop an altruistic reputation and receive future benefits from third parties. Accordingly, individuals should stop investing in reputations via prosocial behavior when a fu…

  • Trust and embedded markets: A multi-method investigation of consumer transactions

    Open Access•B Simpson, Tucker Mcgrimmon et al.•ARTICLE•Social Networks•2008•Cited by: 7•References: 35

  • The Dynamics of Contracts and Generalized Trustworthiness

    Open Access•B Simpson, Kimmo Eriksson•ARTICLE•Rationality and Society•2009•Cited by: 9•References: 28

    Generalized trust, or trust in strangers, has been traced to a wide range of societal benefits. But generalized trust is not sustainable in the absence of widespread generalized trustworthiness, that is, the tendency for strangers to honor trust extended to them. While there has been much work on the origins and consequences of generalized trust, surprisingly little research has addressed the antecedents of generalized trustworthiness. We argue t…

  • The role of self-evaluations in legitimizing social inequality

    Open Access•Suzanne Taylor Sutphin, Suzanne Sutphin et al.•ARTICLE•Social Science Research•2009•Cited by: 3•References: 20

  • The Trouble with Invisible Men

    R Willer, Matthew Feinberg et al.•CHAPTER•Handbook of the sociology of…•2010

  • Network knowledge and the use of power

    Open Access•B Simpson, B Markovsky et al.•ARTICLE•Social Networks•2011

Psychology (46 works) · Social Psychology (38 works) · Economics (32 works) · Political science (29 works) · Sociology (28 works) · Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies (27 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (22 works) · Law (19 works) · Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works)

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