M K Johnson
Biographic Data
| ID | 15220 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M K Johnson |
| GIVEN NAMES | M K |
| FAMILY NAME | Johnson |
| SIGNATURE | JOHNSON M K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Washington State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5566-403X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 54 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 944 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 53 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
Externalities and norms in the context of a novel virus
Pandemics create social dilemmas. Everyone benefits from health behaviors that reduce the transmission of damaging infectious diseases. But people may not want to bear the costs of engaging in health behaviors themselves. Research suggests that if an action (like failing to engage in a health behavior) has consequences for others (i.e., produces externalities), those others will disapprove of the behavior and expect others to also disapprove. In …
Constancy of Self-Attitudes from Adolescence to Midlife
The intergenerational reproduction of self-direction at work
In his path-breaking monograph, Class and Conformity, Melvin Kohn reasoned that parents prepare their children for the same conditions of work that they themselves experience. Kohn and his colleagues’ research focused on the influence of parental self-direction at work on parental child-rearing values and practices, as well as the self-directed values of children. The intergenerational transmission of occupational self-direction from parents to t…
Yes, parents, it reflects on you
ObjectiveExamine normative expectations of teens and parents related to teen behaviors in multiple domains.BackgroundParenting expectations have strengthened in an increasingly evaluative context. Existing literature does not address whether parents are evaluated based on their teens' actions. We argue that understanding the pressures parents face is facilitated by an understanding of norms, which regulate behavior, and metanorms, which regulate …
Becoming Independent and Responsible Adults
The extension of parental financial support into young adulthood has fueled concerns in the U.S. about young people's development of independence and responsibility-financial and otherwise. This study draws on data from the Transition to Adulthood Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine young people's self-assessments of these qualities as well as their financial concerns. The findings indicate that receiving financial support…
Gender and Family Financial Support in the Transition to Adulthood 1
This study examines gender differences in the financial support young adults receive from their families and in the associations between adult role occupancy and financial assistance. Drawing on data from the Transition to Adulthood Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics between 2005 and 2015, this study analyzes patterns of receiving any family financial support among 17–27 year olds and explores the types of expenses for which young a…
Rationales and Support for Norms in the Context of Covid-19
This study empirically tests whether people invoke moral and prudential rationales when evaluating behavior in a novel context—the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic in the United States—and whether those rationales are associated with their support for a norm. We use data from two online vignette experiments that describe key health behaviors—staying home and masking—and find substantial support. Given the politicization of these behaviors in…
Testing an Integrated Theory
We draw on norms theory to develop hypotheses about norms regulating social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. We identify two theoretical approaches-the consequentialist and social cues approach-and argue that understanding norms will be enhanced by integrating these two approaches. We apply these general theoretical approaches to the Covid-19 pandemic to suggest concrete hypotheses regarding distancing norms. We test our hypotheses using …
Work Value Transmission From Parents to Children
This study examines the transmission of work values from parents to children between mid-adolescence and early midlife. The authors propose that work-related values are transmitted from parents to children in two sequential and complementary processes stretched across adolescence and early adulthood. The first process of work value exposure and reception in the family context is captured by the socialization model. The second process is one of de…
Self-esteem and self-efficacy in the status attainment process and the multigenerational transmission of advantage
Familial Transmission of Educational Plans and the Academic Self-Concept
This research investigates the social reproduction of inequality by drawing on prospective longitudinal data from three generations of Youth Development Study respondents. It examines intergenerational influence on the relatively unexplored academic self-concept as well as educational plans, a critical component of the status attainment model. A structural equation model, based on 422 three-generation triads, finds evidence that the sources givin…
Adolescent Agentic Orientations
The Great Recession and Young Adults' Labor Market Outcomes around the World
In this essay, we consider the impacts of the Great Recession on youth labor market prospects around the world. Young adults were especially affected by the crisis, experiencing heightened levels of unemployment, underemployment, and idleness. We highlight how variations in social context as well as youth status characteristics and skill levels matter in how youth fare in the labor market. We also draw connections to other important outcomes, suc…
Family (Dis)Advantage and Life Course Expectations
Optimistic assessments of life chances can positively influence life outcomes, but conflicting theories suggest these assessments either reflect structural privilege or develop as a result of childhood hardship. In addition, competing hypotheses suggest that these assessments may matter differently depending on who holds them. We examine whether family socioeconomic status shapes adolescents' expectations about how successful their lives will tur…
Adolescence, Sociology of
Handbook of the Life Course
"Building on the success of the 2003 Handbook of the Life Course, this second volume identifies future directions for life course research and policy. The introductory essay and the chapters that make up the five sections of this book, show consensus on strategic "next steps" in life course studies. These next steps are explored in detail in each section: Section I, on life course theory, provides fresh perspectives on well-established topics, in…
Reconceptualizing Agency within the Life Course
Empirical treatments of agency have not caught up with theoretical explication; empirical projects almost always focus on concurrent beliefs about one's ability to act successfully without sufficiently attending to temporality. The authors suggest that understanding the modern life course necessitates a multidimensional understanding of subjective agency involving (a) perceived capacities and (b) perceived life chances, or expectations about what…
Relationships between sexual violence and chronic disease
Study findings highlight the need for chronic disease prevention services for victims of sexual violence. There are important implications for policies and practices related to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, as well as collaborations between sexual violence, chronic disease, and health risk behavior programs
Parental Financial Assistance and Young Adults' Relationships With Parents and Well-being
Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the impact of parental financial assistance on young adults' relationships with parents and well-being. Conditional change models were estimated to evaluate the effects of parental financial assistance reported in Wave 3 (ages 18-28) and Wave 4 (ages 24-34) of the study. The results (Ns ranged from 9,128 to 13,389 across outcomes) indicated that financi…
Educational expectation trajectories and attainment in the transition to adulthood
Extending and Expanding Parenthood
Today’s transition to adulthood in the United States is complex and drawn out. Current economic and social conditions favor young workers who have completed post‐secondary education, resulting in many young adults delaying exiting the family home, marriage, and parenthood. The role of parental support (both affective and instrumental) in navigating this period of development is becoming increasingly important and plays a substantial role in repro…
The implications of adult identity for educational and work attainment in young adulthood
This study investigates the relation of young adult identities (ages 18-22 years), reflecting subjective age and psychosocial maturity, to educational and career attainment in young adulthood (ages 25-29 years). Add Health data show that having an older subjective age alone does not curtail attainment; the critical issue is the level of psychosocial maturity that accompanies subjective age. Those with older subjective ages and low psychosocial ma…
Origins and Outcomes of Judgments about Work
We evaluate the importance of judgments about work for the attainment process in the “new economy.” Findings show continuing links between social origins and work orientations at age 21/22, as well as significant effects of work orientations on occupational outcomes at age 31/32. Higher socio-economic status background, and stronger self-perceived ability, are tied to weaker extrinsic orientations. Young women are more intrinsically oriented than…
Change in the Stratification of Educational Expectations and Their Realization
Journal Article Change in the Stratification of Educational Expectations and Their Realization Get access John R. Reynolds, John R. Reynolds Florida State University Direct correspondence to John Reynolds, Department of Sociology, 113 Collegiate Loop, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2270. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson Monica Kirkpa…
Insights on Adolescence From a Life Course Perspective
In this essay, we argue that viewing adolescence within the full life course will improve our understanding of both adolescence itself and the life course more generally. Such an approach makes explicit how adolescence is linked to developmental processes in the years both before and after adolescence in ways that are shaped by broader patterns of social change. We highlight insights from research over the past decade that illustrate the kinds of…
Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Robert Crosnoe, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement: The Role of Race and Ethnicity, Sociology of Education, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 2001), pp. 318-340
Reconceptualizing Agency within the Life Course
Empirical treatments of agency have not caught up with theoretical explication; empirical projects almost always focus on concurrent beliefs about one's ability to act successfully without sufficiently attending to temporality. The authors suggest that understanding the modern life course necessitates a multidimensional understanding of subjective agency involving (a) perceived capacities and (b) perceived life chances, or expectations about what…
Research on Adolescence in the Twenty-First Century
Recent methodological advances have allowed empirical research on adolescence to do better justice to theoretical models. Organized by a life course framework, this review covers the state of contemporary research on adolescents' physical, psychological, interpersonal, and institutional pathways; how these pathways connect within primary ecological contexts; and how they relate to broader patterns of societal stratification and historical change.…
Intergenerational Bonding in School
To explore the significance of social integration in the educational system, this study examined whether student-teacher relationships predicted two important student behavioral outcomes (academic achievement and disciplinary problems); whether these within-school intragenerational relationships were predicted by the structural, compositional, and climate-related characteristics of schools; and how the behavioral and contextual correlates of stud…
Insights on Adolescence From a Life Course Perspective
In this essay, we argue that viewing adolescence within the full life course will improve our understanding of both adolescence itself and the life course more generally. Such an approach makes explicit how adolescence is linked to developmental processes in the years both before and after adolescence in ways that are shaped by broader patterns of social change. We highlight insights from research over the past decade that illustrate the kinds of…
Volunteerism during the Transition to Adulthood
This panel study examines whether educational, work, and family roles promote volunteerism during late adolescence and early adulthood, as they do later in adulthood. The findings reveal substantial continuity in volunteerism from adolescence through the transition to adulthood and highlight the importance of values expressed in adolescence for volunteerism in the years following. Controlling these processes, attending school during this life sta…
Volunteerism in Adolescence
Previous research has suggested that volunteering may have beneficial developmental consequences for adolescents. However, the sparse research on youth volunteerism is generally limited by a cross-sectional design that does not elucidate causal relations. This study addresses the questions, "Who participates in volunteer work?" and "What are the effects of youth volunteerism?" A panel study of a representative community sample of both volunteers …
College Aspirations and Expectations among Latino Adolescents in the United States
We compare Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Mexican origin adolescents' desire to attend college and their perceived likelihood of attending college with those of non-Latino white and black adolescents. We find that the strength of college aspirations and expectations is high among all the groups, and that Mexican origin and Puerto Rican origin adolescents have weaker, while Cubans have stronger, aspirations and expectations than non-Latino whites. Howev…
Attachments to Family and Community and the Young Adult Transition of Rural Youth
Rural youth in economically troubled regions develop plans for their future in a context in which opportunities for educational and occupational success generally lie elsewhere, prompting the need to migrate. This study investigates the links between rural adolescents' residential preferences and their plans for the future, perceptions of local opportunity, and ties to family and community. We examine whether residential preferences shape the pat…
Bridging the Racial Divide in the United States
Using data for national samples of high school seniors between 1976 and 1992, we examine gender differences in racial attitudes in the United States We find an important effect of gender on social distance attitudes: Females express more favorable attitudes than males, and this gender difference is significantly greater among whites than blacks The gender effect is not explained by gender differences in interracial friendship, religiosity, or pol…
Social Origins, Adolescent Experiences, and Work Value Trajectories during the Transition to Adulthood
This study links the trajectories of adolescents' work values during the transition to adulthood to key indicators of social origin and early experience. The findings, based on panel data from a national sample, indicate that individuals' work values change substantially during this period of the life course, with “average trajectories” of work values indicating some growing realism with age. Furthermore, work value trajectories are systematicall…
Educational expectation trajectories and attainment in the transition to adulthood
Informal mentoring and young adult employment
Parental Financial Assistance and Young Adults' Relationships With Parents and Well-being
Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the impact of parental financial assistance on young adults' relationships with parents and well-being. Conditional change models were estimated to evaluate the effects of parental financial assistance reported in Wave 3 (ages 18-28) and Wave 4 (ages 24-34) of the study. The results (Ns ranged from 9,128 to 13,389 across outcomes) indicated that financi…
Growing up Faster, Feeling Older
We examine whether hardship while growing up shapes subjective age identity, as well as three types of experiences through which it may occur. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we find that hardship in several domains during childhood and adolescence is associated with feeling relatively older and self-identifying as an adult in the late teens and twenties. Specifically, young people who as adolescents fel…
Further Evidence on Adolescent Employment and Substance Use
In an on-going debate over the consequences of adolescent employment, there is growing agreement that work intensity (i.e., longer hours) fosters underage drinking and other substance use. The current study furthers our understanding of the relationship between hours of employment and substance use in adolescence by testing whether it is evident across racial/ethnic groups. Based on data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adoles…
Job Values in the Young Adult Transition
Using data from a nationally representative panel study, I examine change and stability in job values across the young adult years. I find that on average, young people attach lessening importance to various job rewards during the transition to adulthood. In addition, job values become increasingly stable (individual differences are increasingly maintained) during young adulthood, though they continue to change as a function of the rewards receiv…
Change in Job Values During the Transition to Adulthood
This panel study of young people in the United States addresses a set of interrelated questions on how job values change during the transition to adulthood, including whether the gender differences in job values apparent in adolescence persist across the transition to adulthood, and whether young men's and women's job values change in similar ways. The findings indicate that there is a good deal of instability in job values during this stage of t…
Judgments About Work
The authors examine the measurement structure of individuals' orientations toward work rewards, or 'judgments about work,' a concept central to the social psychology of work. Despite extensive and sustained interest in the level of importance attached to work rewards by major markers of social location such as birth cohort, social class origins, and gender, prior studies have not examined whether the same classification schema captures the underl…
Family roles and work values
This study focuses on whether marriage and parenthood influence work values after taking into account the influence of work values on family formation. In a recent panel of young adults (N= 709), stronger extrinsic and weaker intrinsic work values during adolescence predicted marriage and parenthood 9 years out of high school. Controlling these relationships, wives, but not husbands, came to attach less importance to extrinsic rewards, and both h…
Differentiation in Self-Perceived Adulthood
This study examines and extends the confluence model of age identity by testing whether young people's self-perceptions as adults are linked to role transitions, self-assessed personal qualities, and social location. We propose that young people's sense of adulthood and the factors associated with it vary based on socially structured experience tied to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age. Analyzing data from 18–28 year olds in the Natio…
School Size and the Interpersonal Side of Education
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to extend research on the connection between school size and student outcomes by examining how school size was related to interpersonal processes and whether the interpersonal effects of school size varied by race/ethnicity. Methods. We applied multilevel modeling techniques to a sample of 14,966 students in 84 schools from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. Increasing school s…
Gender and Prosocial Values During Adolescence
To date, relatively little is known about the prosocial values of adolescents. Research has shown that females attach more importance to certain prosocial values than males do in late adolescence but has not considered whether this gender difference is evident across stages of adolescence and whether it varies by race. We examine values that focus on doing things for others, using data from a nationwide survey of 12- to 17-year-olds. We find that…
Judgments About Work and the Features of Young Adults' Jobs
This study revisits the relationship between adolescent judgments about work and later job characteristics, tackling the twin temporal dimensions of age and history. Drawing on 15 consecutive cohorts of high school seniors, the authors examine (a) whether adolescents' judgments about work become more strongly predictive of the characteristics of their jobs as they move through their 20s and (b) whether the relationship between adolescents' judgme…
Gendered Patterns in Adolescents' School Attachment
A substantial literature documents a gender reversal in many aspects of social psychological functioning during adolescence, in which girls fall below boys in domains in which they once enjoyed advantages. This study elaborates upon recent research from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health suggesting that this phenomenon may occur in school attachment, an aspect of educational adjustment. Our analysis of grade 7 through 12 student…
No bananas, giraffes, or elephants”
(1992). “No bananas, giraffes, or elephants”: Margery kempe's text of bliss. Women's Studies: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 185-196
Symptom, sign, and wound
No Certain Way to Tell Japanese From Chinese
After the 1941 Japanese attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, a series of articles appeared simultaneously in American magazines. A 22 December 1941 article in Time gives advice to its Caucasian readers on “How To Tell Your Friends From the Japs,” as does an article in Life magazine entitled “How To Tell Japs From the Chinese.” From the perspective of the late twentieth century, the racism of these texts seems obvious. At the time of…
Volunteerism in Adolescence
Previous research has suggested that volunteering may have beneficial developmental consequences for adolescents. However, the sparse research on youth volunteerism is generally limited by a cross-sectional design that does not elucidate causal relations. This study addresses the questions, "Who participates in volunteer work?" and "What are the effects of youth volunteerism?" A panel study of a representative community sample of both volunteers …
Bridging the Racial Divide in the United States
Using data for national samples of high school seniors between 1976 and 1992, we examine gender differences in racial attitudes in the United States We find an important effect of gender on social distance attitudes: Females express more favorable attitudes than males, and this gender difference is significantly greater among whites than blacks The gender effect is not explained by gender differences in interracial friendship, religiosity, or pol…
Job Values in the Young Adult Transition
Using data from a nationally representative panel study, I examine change and stability in job values across the young adult years. I find that on average, young people attach lessening importance to various job rewards during the transition to adulthood. In addition, job values become increasingly stable (individual differences are increasingly maintained) during young adulthood, though they continue to change as a function of the rewards receiv…
Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Robert Crosnoe, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement: The Role of Race and Ethnicity, Sociology of Education, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 2001), pp. 318-340
Change in Job Values During the Transition to Adulthood
This panel study of young people in the United States addresses a set of interrelated questions on how job values change during the transition to adulthood, including whether the gender differences in job values apparent in adolescence persist across the transition to adulthood, and whether young men's and women's job values change in similar ways. The findings indicate that there is a good deal of instability in job values during this stage of t…
Social Origins, Adolescent Experiences, and Work Value Trajectories during the Transition to Adulthood
This study links the trajectories of adolescents' work values during the transition to adulthood to key indicators of social origin and early experience. The findings, based on panel data from a national sample, indicate that individuals' work values change substantially during this period of the life course, with “average trajectories” of work values indicating some growing realism with age. Furthermore, work value trajectories are systematicall…
Educational Pathways and Work Value Trajectories
This study relates change and stability in work values to educational pathways in the transition to adulthood. Using panel data, we examine whether levels and rates of change in work values in the eight years after high school are linked to postsecondary education. Along some value dimensions, initial differences increased notably between those who finished their education with high school and those who obtained postsecondary degrees, with postse…
The Emergence and Development of Life Course Theory
School Size and the Interpersonal Side of Education
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to extend research on the connection between school size and student outcomes by examining how school size was related to interpersonal processes and whether the interpersonal effects of school size varied by race/ethnicity. Methods. We applied multilevel modeling techniques to a sample of 14,966 students in 84 schools from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. Increasing school s…
Volunteerism during the Transition to Adulthood
This panel study examines whether educational, work, and family roles promote volunteerism during late adolescence and early adulthood, as they do later in adulthood. The findings reveal substantial continuity in volunteerism from adolescence through the transition to adulthood and highlight the importance of values expressed in adolescence for volunteerism in the years following. Controlling these processes, attending school during this life sta…
Intergenerational Bonding in School
To explore the significance of social integration in the educational system, this study examined whether student-teacher relationships predicted two important student behavioral outcomes (academic achievement and disciplinary problems); whether these within-school intragenerational relationships were predicted by the structural, compositional, and climate-related characteristics of schools; and how the behavioral and contextual correlates of stud…
Further Evidence on Adolescent Employment and Substance Use
In an on-going debate over the consequences of adolescent employment, there is growing agreement that work intensity (i.e., longer hours) fosters underage drinking and other substance use. The current study furthers our understanding of the relationship between hours of employment and substance use in adolescence by testing whether it is evident across racial/ethnic groups. Based on data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adoles…
Gender and Prosocial Values During Adolescence
To date, relatively little is known about the prosocial values of adolescents. Research has shown that females attach more importance to certain prosocial values than males do in late adolescence but has not considered whether this gender difference is evident across stages of adolescence and whether it varies by race. We examine values that focus on doing things for others, using data from a nationwide survey of 12- to 17-year-olds. We find that…
Women's Community Service, 1940-1960
Americans who came of age during and immediately following World War II have recently become a central feature for more broadly understanding volunteerism, as well as civic participation, in the United States. Using data from the Stanford-Terman Study we examine women's community service participation and leadership over the period 1940–1960. The women studied moved in and out of community service over time, with patterns of participation showing…
Attachments to Family and Community and the Young Adult Transition of Rural Youth
Rural youth in economically troubled regions develop plans for their future in a context in which opportunities for educational and occupational success generally lie elsewhere, prompting the need to migrate. This study investigates the links between rural adolescents' residential preferences and their plans for the future, perceptions of local opportunity, and ties to family and community. We examine whether residential preferences shape the pat…
Special Reviewers
Family roles and work values
This study focuses on whether marriage and parenthood influence work values after taking into account the influence of work values on family formation. In a recent panel of young adults (N= 709), stronger extrinsic and weaker intrinsic work values during adolescence predicted marriage and parenthood 9 years out of high school. Controlling these relationships, wives, but not husbands, came to attach less importance to extrinsic rewards, and both h…
Gendered Patterns in Adolescents' School Attachment
A substantial literature documents a gender reversal in many aspects of social psychological functioning during adolescence, in which girls fall below boys in domains in which they once enjoyed advantages. This study elaborates upon recent research from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health suggesting that this phenomenon may occur in school attachment, an aspect of educational adjustment. Our analysis of grade 7 through 12 student…
College Aspirations and Expectations among Latino Adolescents in the United States
We compare Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Mexican origin adolescents' desire to attend college and their perceived likelihood of attending college with those of non-Latino white and black adolescents. We find that the strength of college aspirations and expectations is high among all the groups, and that Mexican origin and Puerto Rican origin adolescents have weaker, while Cubans have stronger, aspirations and expectations than non-Latino whites. Howev…
Differentiation in Self-Perceived Adulthood
This study examines and extends the confluence model of age identity by testing whether young people's self-perceptions as adults are linked to role transitions, self-assessed personal qualities, and social location. We propose that young people's sense of adulthood and the factors associated with it vary based on socially structured experience tied to race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and age. Analyzing data from 18–28 year olds in the Natio…
Judgments About Work
The authors examine the measurement structure of individuals' orientations toward work rewards, or 'judgments about work,' a concept central to the social psychology of work. Despite extensive and sustained interest in the level of importance attached to work rewards by major markers of social location such as birth cohort, social class origins, and gender, prior studies have not examined whether the same classification schema captures the underl…
Informal mentoring and young adult employment
Psychology (44 works) · Developmental psychology (35 works) · Social Psychology (27 works) · Sociology (26 works) · Economics (14 works) · Political science (13 works) · Life course approach (12 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Young adult (11 works) · Demography (10 works)