D Anthony Butterfield
Biographic Data
| ID | 1607435 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Anthony Butterfield |
| GIVEN NAMES | D Anthony |
| FAMILY NAME | Butterfield |
| SIGNATURE | BUTTERFIELD D A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 37 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Aspirations to top management over five decades: A shifting role of gender
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine linkages of gender and gender-related variables to aspirations to top management over a period spanning five decades. Design/methodology/approach During each of the past five decades, samples from two early-career populations ( n = 2131), undergraduate business students and part-time (evening) MBAs, completed an aspirations to top management measure and described themselves on an instrument that ass…
Gender, diversity and the 2020 US presidential election: Towards an androgynous presidential profile
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore issues of gender and diversity raised by the 2020 US presidential election. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations ( n = 667) described either an ideal president or one of the major-party candidates for president (Donald Trump and Joe Biden) or vice president (Mike Pence and Kamala Harris) on an instrument that assessed self-ascribed masculinity and femininity. Androgyny was calcu…
The “good manager” over five decades: Towards an androgynous profile
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine stability and change in the linkage between gender and managerial stereotypes over a five-decade period. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations (n = 2347) described a “good manager” on an instrument that assessed masculinity and femininity during each of the past five decades. Findings Good-manager descriptions exhibited a decreasing emphasis on masculinity and increasing emphasis …
Why Trump and Clinton won and lost: The Roles of Hypermasculinity and Androgyny
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” (IP) and presidential candidates in the 2016 US presidential election in relation to gender stereotypes and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 378 business students assessed perceptions of either the IP or a particular candidate on measures of masculinity and femininity. Androgyny (balance of masculinity and femininity) and hypermasculinity (e…
Linking leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes
Purpose This study aims to examine factors that may explain the status of women in management by exploring the linkages between leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations described either a “bad manager” (representing leader anti-prototypes) or a “good manager” (representing leader prototypes) on two instruments that assessed masculinity and femininity. Findings On each in…
The role of androgyny in leader prototypes over four decades
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of psychological androgyny, a construct that represents a combination of masculinity and femininity, in explaining changes in descriptions of a good manager over time. Design/methodology/approach – Samples of the same two populations were surveyed at four different points in time spanning four decades ( N = 1,818). Findings – Good-manager descriptions became increasingly similar in mascul…
Sex, gender, and the US presidency: Ready for a female President
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” and candidates in the 2008 US presidential election in relation to gender and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach A total of 768 undergraduate business students rated either the ideal President or a presidential candidate on Bem Sex‐Role Inventory and Implicit Leadership Theory scales. Findings The ideal President was seen as more similar to male candi…
Leader evaluations: A new female advantage
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine sex effects in evaluations of transformational and transactional leaders. Design/methodology/approach A total of 459 part‐time (evening) MBA students, most of whom worked full‐time, read a vignette of either a male or female leader who exhibited either a transformational or transactional leadership style and then evaluated the leader's behavior. Findings Female‐transformational leaders received more…
Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management
Data gathered by the authors from undergraduate and part‐time graduate business students in 1976‐1977 suggested that men were more likely than women to aspire to top management and that, consistent with traditional stereotypes of males and managers, a gender identity consisting of high masculinity and low femininity was associated with aspirations to top management. As a result of gender‐related social changes, we expected the gender difference i…
Is the “Presidential Image” Reserved for Males? Sex-Role Stereotypes and the 1984 Presidential Election
With the selection of Geraldine Ferraro as a vice presidential candidate and the emergence of the “gender gap” issue in the campaign, the 1984 U.S. presidential election provided a unique opportunity for assessment of the effect of gender on preferences for presidential leadership and perceptions of candidates. 277 college students ( Mdn age: 20 yr.) described a Good President, Good Vice-president, Ronald Reagan, Walter Mondale, George Bush, or F…
If ?good managers? are masculine, what are ?bad managers
A note on sex‐role identity effects on managerial aspirations
Sex-Role Identity and Sex as Predictors of Leadership Style
Sex did not predict students' preferred style of leadership as measured by the Least Preferred Co-worker Scale. However, scale scores were negatively related to the masculinity dimension of sex-role identity, indicating a positive association between task orientation and masculinity
The Female Leader: Attributional Effects of Group Performance
Research on leadership style, conducted primarily with males, usually assumes that the leader's style causes group performance. Attribution theory suggests the reverse causal argument and has been supported in research using male leaders. The present study, using a quasi-experimental design and 256 students in introductory management, found that female managers of high-performing groups were evaluated and described differently than female manager…
The "Good Manager": Masculine or Androgynous?
If ?good managers? are masculine, what are ?bad managers
Leader evaluations: A new female advantage
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine sex effects in evaluations of transformational and transactional leaders. Design/methodology/approach A total of 459 part‐time (evening) MBA students, most of whom worked full‐time, read a vignette of either a male or female leader who exhibited either a transformational or transactional leadership style and then evaluated the leader's behavior. Findings Female‐transformational leaders received more…
The “good manager” over five decades: Towards an androgynous profile
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine stability and change in the linkage between gender and managerial stereotypes over a five-decade period. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations (n = 2347) described a “good manager” on an instrument that assessed masculinity and femininity during each of the past five decades. Findings Good-manager descriptions exhibited a decreasing emphasis on masculinity and increasing emphasis …
The role of androgyny in leader prototypes over four decades
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of psychological androgyny, a construct that represents a combination of masculinity and femininity, in explaining changes in descriptions of a good manager over time. Design/methodology/approach – Samples of the same two populations were surveyed at four different points in time spanning four decades ( N = 1,818). Findings – Good-manager descriptions became increasingly similar in mascul…
Sex, gender, and the US presidency: Ready for a female President
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” and candidates in the 2008 US presidential election in relation to gender and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach A total of 768 undergraduate business students rated either the ideal President or a presidential candidate on Bem Sex‐Role Inventory and Implicit Leadership Theory scales. Findings The ideal President was seen as more similar to male candi…
Linking leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes
Purpose This study aims to examine factors that may explain the status of women in management by exploring the linkages between leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations described either a “bad manager” (representing leader anti-prototypes) or a “good manager” (representing leader prototypes) on two instruments that assessed masculinity and femininity. Findings On each in…
Why Trump and Clinton won and lost: The Roles of Hypermasculinity and Androgyny
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” (IP) and presidential candidates in the 2016 US presidential election in relation to gender stereotypes and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 378 business students assessed perceptions of either the IP or a particular candidate on measures of masculinity and femininity. Androgyny (balance of masculinity and femininity) and hypermasculinity (e…
Gender, diversity and the 2020 US presidential election: Towards an androgynous presidential profile
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore issues of gender and diversity raised by the 2020 US presidential election. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations ( n = 667) described either an ideal president or one of the major-party candidates for president (Donald Trump and Joe Biden) or vice president (Mike Pence and Kamala Harris) on an instrument that assessed self-ascribed masculinity and femininity. Androgyny was calcu…
The "Good Manager": Masculine or Androgynous?
The Female Leader: Attributional Effects of Group Performance
Research on leadership style, conducted primarily with males, usually assumes that the leader's style causes group performance. Attribution theory suggests the reverse causal argument and has been supported in research using male leaders. The present study, using a quasi-experimental design and 256 students in introductory management, found that female managers of high-performing groups were evaluated and described differently than female manager…
A note on sex‐role identity effects on managerial aspirations
Sex-Role Identity and Sex as Predictors of Leadership Style
Sex did not predict students' preferred style of leadership as measured by the Least Preferred Co-worker Scale. However, scale scores were negatively related to the masculinity dimension of sex-role identity, indicating a positive association between task orientation and masculinity
If ?good managers? are masculine, what are ?bad managers
Is the “Presidential Image” Reserved for Males? Sex-Role Stereotypes and the 1984 Presidential Election
With the selection of Geraldine Ferraro as a vice presidential candidate and the emergence of the “gender gap” issue in the campaign, the 1984 U.S. presidential election provided a unique opportunity for assessment of the effect of gender on preferences for presidential leadership and perceptions of candidates. 277 college students ( Mdn age: 20 yr.) described a Good President, Good Vice-president, Ronald Reagan, Walter Mondale, George Bush, or F…
Gender, gender identity, and aspirations to top management
Data gathered by the authors from undergraduate and part‐time graduate business students in 1976‐1977 suggested that men were more likely than women to aspire to top management and that, consistent with traditional stereotypes of males and managers, a gender identity consisting of high masculinity and low femininity was associated with aspirations to top management. As a result of gender‐related social changes, we expected the gender difference i…
Leader evaluations: A new female advantage
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine sex effects in evaluations of transformational and transactional leaders. Design/methodology/approach A total of 459 part‐time (evening) MBA students, most of whom worked full‐time, read a vignette of either a male or female leader who exhibited either a transformational or transactional leadership style and then evaluated the leader's behavior. Findings Female‐transformational leaders received more…
Sex, gender, and the US presidency: Ready for a female President
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” and candidates in the 2008 US presidential election in relation to gender and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach A total of 768 undergraduate business students rated either the ideal President or a presidential candidate on Bem Sex‐Role Inventory and Implicit Leadership Theory scales. Findings The ideal President was seen as more similar to male candi…
The role of androgyny in leader prototypes over four decades
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of psychological androgyny, a construct that represents a combination of masculinity and femininity, in explaining changes in descriptions of a good manager over time. Design/methodology/approach – Samples of the same two populations were surveyed at four different points in time spanning four decades ( N = 1,818). Findings – Good-manager descriptions became increasingly similar in mascul…
Linking leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes
Purpose This study aims to examine factors that may explain the status of women in management by exploring the linkages between leader anti-prototypes and prototypes to gender stereotypes. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations described either a “bad manager” (representing leader anti-prototypes) or a “good manager” (representing leader prototypes) on two instruments that assessed masculinity and femininity. Findings On each in…
Why Trump and Clinton won and lost: The Roles of Hypermasculinity and Androgyny
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” (IP) and presidential candidates in the 2016 US presidential election in relation to gender stereotypes and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 378 business students assessed perceptions of either the IP or a particular candidate on measures of masculinity and femininity. Androgyny (balance of masculinity and femininity) and hypermasculinity (e…
The “good manager” over five decades: Towards an androgynous profile
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine stability and change in the linkage between gender and managerial stereotypes over a five-decade period. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations (n = 2347) described a “good manager” on an instrument that assessed masculinity and femininity during each of the past five decades. Findings Good-manager descriptions exhibited a decreasing emphasis on masculinity and increasing emphasis …
Aspirations to top management over five decades: A shifting role of gender
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine linkages of gender and gender-related variables to aspirations to top management over a period spanning five decades. Design/methodology/approach During each of the past five decades, samples from two early-career populations ( n = 2131), undergraduate business students and part-time (evening) MBAs, completed an aspirations to top management measure and described themselves on an instrument that ass…
Gender, diversity and the 2020 US presidential election: Towards an androgynous presidential profile
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore issues of gender and diversity raised by the 2020 US presidential election. Design/methodology/approach Samples from two populations ( n = 667) described either an ideal president or one of the major-party candidates for president (Donald Trump and Joe Biden) or vice president (Mike Pence and Kamala Harris) on an instrument that assessed self-ascribed masculinity and femininity. Androgyny was calcu…
Psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (12 works) · Masculinity (12 works) · Gender Roles and Identity Studies (11 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Femininity (10 works) · Sports, Gender, and Society (10 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Gender Studies (8 works)