Jimmy Calanchini
Biographic Data
| ID | 1661275 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jimmy Calanchini |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jimmy |
| FAMILY NAME | Calanchini |
| SIGNATURE | CALANCHINI J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Riverside |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1959-143X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Legacies of Hate: The Psychological Legacy of the Ku Klux Klan
The second coming of the Ku Klux Klan popularized the Klan and its ideas in the early 1920s, terrorizing Black American, their allies, and others deemed un-American. This article investigates the extent to which the cultural legacy of racial hatred of the Klan has persisted over the years. We use data from large online databases, multiverse analyses, and spatial models to evaluate whether regions with more historical Klan activity show higher lev…
Cultural Tightness Predicts Regional Sociopolitical Ideologies, Beliefs, and Personality Traits
Cultural tightness refers to the strength of social norms and tolerance for norm violations within regions. In two studies, we investigated the link between cultural tightness and sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality traits within the United States and across 56 nations. We relied on two separate operationalizations of cultural tightness and aggregated self-reported sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality trait data fro…
On Native American Boarding Schools, Racial Bias, and Perceptions of Americanness Versus Foreignness
Between 1819 and the 1970s, the U.S. government forced Native American children to attend boarding schools with the explicit purpose of assimilating them into White American culture. In this article, we examined whether the cultural legacy of historical Native American boarding schools persists locally in the aggregated racial biases of modern-day residents. Using the data of 290,593 Project Implicit visitors, we found that counties where Native …
Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 2
Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 1
A Tutorial on Response-Time Extended Multinomial Processing Tree Models in Social Cognition
Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models can provide novel insights into the cognitive processes underlying a wide variety of social cognitive judgments and behaviors. In previous research, MPT models have been used to disentangle the contributions of multiple latent processes to tasks configured to assess moral reasoning, processing fluency, decision-making, implicit biases, and social categorization, among many other topics. However, until rece…
Estimating the Reliability and Stability of Cognitive Processes Contributing to Responses on the Implicit Association Test
Implicit measures were initially assumed to assess stable individual differences, but other perspectives posit that they reflect context-dependent processes. This pre-registered research investigates whether the processes contributing to responses on the race Implicit Association Test are temporally stable and reliably measured using multinomial processing tree modeling. We applied two models—the Quad model and the Process Dissociation Procedure—…
Evaluating the robustness of parameter estimates in cognitive models: A meta-analytic review of multinomial processing tree models across the multiverse of estimation methods
We found that the absolute divergence between estimation methods was small on average (<.04; with MPT parameters ranging between 0 and 1); in some cases, however, divergence amounted to nearly the maximum possible range (.97). Divergence was partly explained by few moderators (e.g., the specific MPT model parameter, uncertainty in parameter estimation), but not by other plausible candidate moderators (e.g., parameter trade-offs, parameter correla…
A recognition advantage for members of higher-status racial groups
The other-race effect (ORE) is a recognition memory advantage afforded to one's racial ingroup versus outgroup. The motivational relevance of the ingroup-because of relationships, belonging and self-esteem-is central to many theoretical explanations for the ORE. However, to date, the motivational relevance of outgroups has received considerably less attention in the ORE literature. Across six experiments, Black, White, Asian and Latinx American p…
Real-life outgroup exposure, self-reported outgroup contact and the other-race effect
People are better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group compared with faces from other racial or ethnic groups, known as the other-'race' effect (ORE). Several theories of the ORE assume that memory for other-race faces is impaired because people have less contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups, resulting in lower visual expertise. The present research investigates contact theories of the ORE, using self-report…
Examining selective migration as attitudinal fit versus gay migration
A Process Dissociation Model of Implicit Rapid Revision in Response to Diagnostic Revelations
Previous research has demonstrated that implicit evaluations can be reversed with exposure to a single impression-inconsistent behavior. But what exactly is changing when perceivers encounter diagnostic revelations about someone? One possibility is that rapid changes are occurring in the extent to which perceivers view the person positively or negatively. Another possibility is that they override the expression of initial evaluations through cont…
Using Environmental Features to Maximize Prediction of Regional Intergroup Bias
The present research adopts a data-driven approach to identify how characteristics of the environment are related to different types of regional in-group biases. After consolidating a large data set of environmental attributes ( N = 813), we used modern model selection techniques (i.e., elastic net regularization) to develop parsimonious models for regional implicit and explicit measures of race-, religious-, sexuality-, age-, and health-based in…
Moderators of intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups: A comprehensive test of predictions from system justification theory
We examined hypotheses proposed by System Justification Theory (SJT; Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004) regarding intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups, using large samples of online participants (total N = 715,721), spanning 8 intergroup domains and 14 nations. Using a meta-analytic approach, we tested these hypotheses at the individual level (as SJT is generally articulated), as well as at the social group level. Consistent with SJT, individu…
Reducing implicit racial preferences: III. A process-level examination of changes in implicit preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
Disproportionate Use of Lethal Force in Policing Is Associated With Regional Racial Biases of Residents
Due to a lack of data, the demographic and psychological factors associated with lethal force by police officers have remained insufficiently explored. We develop the first predictive models of lethal force by integrating crowd-sourced and fact-checked lethal force databases with regional demographics and measures of geolocated implicit and explicit racial biases collected from 2,156,053 residents across the United States. Results indicate that o…
Exposure to sexism can decrease implicit gender stereotype bias
Two studies examined the effect of exposure to sexism on implicit gender bias, focusing specifically on stereotypes of men as competent and women as warm. Male and female participants were exposed to sexism or no sexism. In both Experiment 1 (Implicit Association Task; N = 115) and Experiment 2 (Go/No‐go Association Task; N = 167), women who had been exposed to sexist beliefs demonstrated less implicit gender stereotype bias relative to women who…
Angry expressions induce extensive processing of persuasive appeals
Reducing Prejudice Across Cultures via Social Tuning
This research examines whether culture influences the extent to which people’s attitudes tune toward others’ egalitarian beliefs. Hong Kong Chinese, but not American, participants were less prejudiced, explicitly and implicitly, toward homosexuals when they interacted with a person who appeared to hold egalitarian views as opposed to neutral views (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, cultural concepts were manipulated. Americans and Hong Kong …
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
How malleable is categorization by race? Evidence for competitive category use in social categorization
We contrast 3 theoretical viewpoints concerning the factors affecting social categorization by race: (a) the classical theory of social categorization highlighting the role of a priori accessibility and situational factors, (b) the classical theory augmented by a principle of competitive category use, and (c) competition between race (but not gender) and coalition with race (but not gender) encoded only as a proxy to coalition. Study 1 documents …
Counter‐prejudicial training reduces activation of biased associations and enhances response monitoring
Although implicitly measured bias was once assumed to be highly stable, subsequent research has shown that it is, in fact, malleable. One technique for altering implicit bias is through counter‐prejudicial training. At least two broad mechanisms may drive this effect. First, training people to respond in counter‐prejudicial ways may diminish the extent to which biased associations are activated in memory. Second, training may strengthen processes…
Moderators of intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups: A comprehensive test of predictions from system justification theory
We examined hypotheses proposed by System Justification Theory (SJT; Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004) regarding intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups, using large samples of online participants (total N = 715,721), spanning 8 intergroup domains and 14 nations. Using a meta-analytic approach, we tested these hypotheses at the individual level (as SJT is generally articulated), as well as at the social group level. Consistent with SJT, individu…
A recognition advantage for members of higher-status racial groups
The other-race effect (ORE) is a recognition memory advantage afforded to one's racial ingroup versus outgroup. The motivational relevance of the ingroup-because of relationships, belonging and self-esteem-is central to many theoretical explanations for the ORE. However, to date, the motivational relevance of outgroups has received considerably less attention in the ORE literature. Across six experiments, Black, White, Asian and Latinx American p…
Angry expressions induce extensive processing of persuasive appeals
How malleable is categorization by race? Evidence for competitive category use in social categorization
We contrast 3 theoretical viewpoints concerning the factors affecting social categorization by race: (a) the classical theory of social categorization highlighting the role of a priori accessibility and situational factors, (b) the classical theory augmented by a principle of competitive category use, and (c) competition between race (but not gender) and coalition with race (but not gender) encoded only as a proxy to coalition. Study 1 documents …
Counter‐prejudicial training reduces activation of biased associations and enhances response monitoring
Although implicitly measured bias was once assumed to be highly stable, subsequent research has shown that it is, in fact, malleable. One technique for altering implicit bias is through counter‐prejudicial training. At least two broad mechanisms may drive this effect. First, training people to respond in counter‐prejudicial ways may diminish the extent to which biased associations are activated in memory. Second, training may strengthen processes…
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
Real-life outgroup exposure, self-reported outgroup contact and the other-race effect
People are better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group compared with faces from other racial or ethnic groups, known as the other-'race' effect (ORE). Several theories of the ORE assume that memory for other-race faces is impaired because people have less contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups, resulting in lower visual expertise. The present research investigates contact theories of the ORE, using self-report…
Examining selective migration as attitudinal fit versus gay migration
Reducing implicit racial preferences: III. A process-level examination of changes in implicit preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 1
Exposure to sexism can decrease implicit gender stereotype bias
Two studies examined the effect of exposure to sexism on implicit gender bias, focusing specifically on stereotypes of men as competent and women as warm. Male and female participants were exposed to sexism or no sexism. In both Experiment 1 (Implicit Association Task; N = 115) and Experiment 2 (Go/No‐go Association Task; N = 167), women who had been exposed to sexist beliefs demonstrated less implicit gender stereotype bias relative to women who…
Counter‐prejudicial training reduces activation of biased associations and enhances response monitoring
Although implicitly measured bias was once assumed to be highly stable, subsequent research has shown that it is, in fact, malleable. One technique for altering implicit bias is through counter‐prejudicial training. At least two broad mechanisms may drive this effect. First, training people to respond in counter‐prejudicial ways may diminish the extent to which biased associations are activated in memory. Second, training may strengthen processes…
Intoxicated prejudice: The impact of alcohol consumption on implicitly and explicitly measured racial attitudes
Recent research has shown that alcohol consumption can exacerbate expressions of racial bias by increasing reliance on stereotypes. However, little work has investigated how alcohol affects intergroup evaluations. The current work sought to address the issue in the context of the correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of anti-black attitudes. Participants were randomly assigned to consume an alcoholic (target BAC of 0.08%), placebo…
How malleable is categorization by race? Evidence for competitive category use in social categorization
We contrast 3 theoretical viewpoints concerning the factors affecting social categorization by race: (a) the classical theory of social categorization highlighting the role of a priori accessibility and situational factors, (b) the classical theory augmented by a principle of competitive category use, and (c) competition between race (but not gender) and coalition with race (but not gender) encoded only as a proxy to coalition. Study 1 documents …
Reducing Prejudice Across Cultures via Social Tuning
This research examines whether culture influences the extent to which people’s attitudes tune toward others’ egalitarian beliefs. Hong Kong Chinese, but not American, participants were less prejudiced, explicitly and implicitly, toward homosexuals when they interacted with a person who appeared to hold egalitarian views as opposed to neutral views (Experiment 1). In Experiments 2 and 3, cultural concepts were manipulated. Americans and Hong Kong …
Exposure to sexism can decrease implicit gender stereotype bias
Two studies examined the effect of exposure to sexism on implicit gender bias, focusing specifically on stereotypes of men as competent and women as warm. Male and female participants were exposed to sexism or no sexism. In both Experiment 1 (Implicit Association Task; N = 115) and Experiment 2 (Go/No‐go Association Task; N = 167), women who had been exposed to sexist beliefs demonstrated less implicit gender stereotype bias relative to women who…
Angry expressions induce extensive processing of persuasive appeals
Disproportionate Use of Lethal Force in Policing Is Associated With Regional Racial Biases of Residents
Due to a lack of data, the demographic and psychological factors associated with lethal force by police officers have remained insufficiently explored. We develop the first predictive models of lethal force by integrating crowd-sourced and fact-checked lethal force databases with regional demographics and measures of geolocated implicit and explicit racial biases collected from 2,156,053 residents across the United States. Results indicate that o…
Reducing implicit racial preferences: III. A process-level examination of changes in implicit preferences
Implicit bias change was initially assumed to reflect changes in associations, but subsequent research demonstrated that implicit bias change can also reflect changes in control-oriented processes that constrain the expression of associations. The present research examines the process-level effects of 17 different implicit bias-reduction interventions and one sham intervention by analyzing data from more than 20,000 participants who completed an …
A Process Dissociation Model of Implicit Rapid Revision in Response to Diagnostic Revelations
Previous research has demonstrated that implicit evaluations can be reversed with exposure to a single impression-inconsistent behavior. But what exactly is changing when perceivers encounter diagnostic revelations about someone? One possibility is that rapid changes are occurring in the extent to which perceivers view the person positively or negatively. Another possibility is that they override the expression of initial evaluations through cont…
Using Environmental Features to Maximize Prediction of Regional Intergroup Bias
The present research adopts a data-driven approach to identify how characteristics of the environment are related to different types of regional in-group biases. After consolidating a large data set of environmental attributes ( N = 813), we used modern model selection techniques (i.e., elastic net regularization) to develop parsimonious models for regional implicit and explicit measures of race-, religious-, sexuality-, age-, and health-based in…
Moderators of intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups: A comprehensive test of predictions from system justification theory
We examined hypotheses proposed by System Justification Theory (SJT; Jost, Banaji, & Nosek, 2004) regarding intergroup evaluation in disadvantaged groups, using large samples of online participants (total N = 715,721), spanning 8 intergroup domains and 14 nations. Using a meta-analytic approach, we tested these hypotheses at the individual level (as SJT is generally articulated), as well as at the social group level. Consistent with SJT, individu…
Examining selective migration as attitudinal fit versus gay migration
A recognition advantage for members of higher-status racial groups
The other-race effect (ORE) is a recognition memory advantage afforded to one's racial ingroup versus outgroup. The motivational relevance of the ingroup-because of relationships, belonging and self-esteem-is central to many theoretical explanations for the ORE. However, to date, the motivational relevance of outgroups has received considerably less attention in the ORE literature. Across six experiments, Black, White, Asian and Latinx American p…
Real-life outgroup exposure, self-reported outgroup contact and the other-race effect
People are better at recognizing faces from their own racial or ethnic group compared with faces from other racial or ethnic groups, known as the other-'race' effect (ORE). Several theories of the ORE assume that memory for other-race faces is impaired because people have less contact with members of other racial or ethnic groups, resulting in lower visual expertise. The present research investigates contact theories of the ORE, using self-report…
Estimating the Reliability and Stability of Cognitive Processes Contributing to Responses on the Implicit Association Test
Implicit measures were initially assumed to assess stable individual differences, but other perspectives posit that they reflect context-dependent processes. This pre-registered research investigates whether the processes contributing to responses on the race Implicit Association Test are temporally stable and reliably measured using multinomial processing tree modeling. We applied two models—the Quad model and the Process Dissociation Procedure—…
Evaluating the robustness of parameter estimates in cognitive models: A meta-analytic review of multinomial processing tree models across the multiverse of estimation methods
We found that the absolute divergence between estimation methods was small on average (<.04; with MPT parameters ranging between 0 and 1); in some cases, however, divergence amounted to nearly the maximum possible range (.97). Divergence was partly explained by few moderators (e.g., the specific MPT model parameter, uncertainty in parameter estimation), but not by other plausible candidate moderators (e.g., parameter trade-offs, parameter correla…
Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 2
Introduction to the Special Issue: Tutorials on Novel Methods and Analyses in Social Cognition, Part 1
A Tutorial on Response-Time Extended Multinomial Processing Tree Models in Social Cognition
Multinomial processing tree (MPT) models can provide novel insights into the cognitive processes underlying a wide variety of social cognitive judgments and behaviors. In previous research, MPT models have been used to disentangle the contributions of multiple latent processes to tasks configured to assess moral reasoning, processing fluency, decision-making, implicit biases, and social categorization, among many other topics. However, until rece…
Legacies of Hate: The Psychological Legacy of the Ku Klux Klan
The second coming of the Ku Klux Klan popularized the Klan and its ideas in the early 1920s, terrorizing Black American, their allies, and others deemed un-American. This article investigates the extent to which the cultural legacy of racial hatred of the Klan has persisted over the years. We use data from large online databases, multiverse analyses, and spatial models to evaluate whether regions with more historical Klan activity show higher lev…
Cultural Tightness Predicts Regional Sociopolitical Ideologies, Beliefs, and Personality Traits
Cultural tightness refers to the strength of social norms and tolerance for norm violations within regions. In two studies, we investigated the link between cultural tightness and sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality traits within the United States and across 56 nations. We relied on two separate operationalizations of cultural tightness and aggregated self-reported sociopolitical ideologies, beliefs, and personality trait data fro…
On Native American Boarding Schools, Racial Bias, and Perceptions of Americanness Versus Foreignness
Between 1819 and the 1970s, the U.S. government forced Native American children to attend boarding schools with the explicit purpose of assimilating them into White American culture. In this article, we examined whether the cultural legacy of historical Native American boarding schools persists locally in the aggregated racial biases of modern-day residents. Using the data of 290,593 Project Implicit visitors, we found that counties where Native …
Psychology (18 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (12 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Cognition (6 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works) · Implicit attitude (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works)