Kenneth D Hopkins
Biographic Data
| ID | 1661574 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kenneth D Hopkins |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kenneth D |
| FAMILY NAME | Hopkins |
| SIGNATURE | HOPKINS K D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Colorado |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 23 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1939 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Kersey–Kuner terrace investigations at the Dent and Bernhardt sites, Colorado
Kersey–Kuner terrace investigations at the Dent and Bernhardt sites, Colorado
The Dent site provided the first association of fluted points with mammoth bones in the New World. However, the stratigraphic integrity of the site has remained in doubt since the original excavations in 1932 and 1933. Core sampling at the Dent Clovis site indicates that the site, on Kersey terrace gravel, extends under railroad tracks adjacent to the original area of excavation. Four hundred meters south the Kuner strath terrace has been exposed…
The Noncentrality Parameter for the F Distribution, Mean Squares, and Effect Size: An Examination of Some Mathematical Relationships
Relationships among the noncentrality parameter for the F distribution, mean square between and within groups, and effect size are examined
Quick Power Estimates for Comparing Proportions
Power estimates prior to data collection are an essential part of good research planning. The procedures for estimating power when comparing proportions or percentages are more complex than they are when comparing means. Current procedures for estimating power when comparing two independent proportions are found in sources with limited availability and are confusing to many researchers. Procedures for estimating the power for detecting a differen…
The Relationship between Academic Achievement and Metacognitive Comprehension Monitoring Ability of Spanish Secondary School Students
A measure of metacognitive comprehension monitoring ability (CMA) was developed to determine whether this ability was related to academic achievement, as measured by marks (GPA) in several high school courses in Spain. CMA was found to be significantly related to GPA, although the correlations were not high, and decreased with grade level. CMA was highly related to grade level; an effect size of 1.0 was observed between mean scores at Grade 10 an…
Tests for Normality and Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis: Their Place in Research Reporting
Even though research interest is typically greatest for questions pertaining to central tendency and, to a lesser degree, variability, knowledge about the nature of a measure or variable is impoverished when information about the shape of the frequency distribution is ignored. This paper makes the point that descriptive and inferential measures of non-normality should be a routine part of research reporting, along with graphic displays of the fre…
Power Estimates in the Presence of a Covariate and Measurement Error
The statistical power of a test of significance for the difference among means is dependent upon a number of factors, among them the presence of a covariate, which often serves to increase power, as well as measurement error, which reduces power. Formulas are provided for adjusting Cohen's (1977) f value for these two sources of variability. These adjusted f values can then be used with Cohen's power tables. An example of the use of these formula…
The Effect of Character Sex on Story Interest and Comprehension in Children
The effect of the sex of the main character on boys' and girls' reading interest and comprehension was studied for 540 students in grade 5. Each student was randomly assigned one of 18 representative stories from children's periodicals written at an appropriate readability. There were three stories in each of the three types of stories (mystery, adventure, and humor); each of the nine stories appeared in two versions that were identical except fo…
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
1. Introduction. The Image of Statistics. Two Types of Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. Inferential Statistics. The Interdisciplinary Nature of Statistics. Statistics and Mathematics. Case Study with Computer applications. Secrets of Success. The Rewards of Your Labor. 2. Frequency Distributions. Variables. Measurements of Variables. Use of Symbols. Frequency Distributions. Organizing Data for Meaning. An Example. Ungrouped Frequency Distribut…
The effects of special reading time in Spanish on the reading abilities and attitudes of Hispanic junior high school students
Generalizability Theory and Experimental Design: Incongruity between Analysis and Inference
The inferences drawn from many statistical analyses are not congruent with the analyses performed. The analysis commonly employed when cognitive or affective measures serve as the dependent variable yields an inference that is rigorously generalizable only to the specific set of scales or items that were employed, and not to the intended universe of items of which the set used is viewed as a representative sample. The arguments in this paper show…
A Strategy for Analyzing Anova Designs Having One or More Random Factors
A general analysis strategy is proposed such that the universe of inference is increased incrementally. The strategy prevents logically incongruent findings that occasionally result when the conventional analysis strategy is employed
The Unit of Analysis: Group Means Versus Individual Observations
This paper shows that the common recommendation to use group means when there may be nonindependence among observational units is unnecessary, unduly restrictive, impoverishes the analysis, and limits the questions that can be addressed in a study. When random factors are properly identified and included in the analysis, the results (Fs and critical Fs) are identical in balanced ANOVA designs, irrespective of whether group means or individual obs…
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Testing for association in 2???2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes
Testing for association in 2 × 2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes
Applicability of chi-square to 2???2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies
Applicability of chi-square to 2 × 2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies
Standard statistics textbooks recommend the use of chi-square with 2X2 contingency tables only when the expected frequency of each cell is at least five. The Yates correction for continuity is also recommended to increase the accuracy of the resulting probability statement. The empirical consequences of these recommendations were explored on a wide variety of 2 X 2 contingency tables. Pearson's chi-square test was found to be very robust with sma…
Interval Estimation of Correlation Coefficients Corrected for Restriction of Range
Two objectives guided the present study: (1) to provide a suitable test for the hypothesis rho = 0, and (2) to establish nomograms by which general users of R can set confidence intervals on rho. The first objective was approached by testing several possible solutions similar to the procedure followed by Forsyth. The second objective was pursued via a combination of a general analytical procedure (Mood and Graybill, 1963) together with computer s…
Ten-Year Stability of Verbal and Nonverbal IQ Scores
Intelligence tests continue to be the most widely used measures of cognitive aptitudes. Performance on such measures is usually expressed as an IQ score. Popular opinion to the contrary, relatively little is known about the long term measuring of IQ scores from group verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests, especially the latter. This study shows that, below ten years of age, stability in IQ scores from group verbal tests is considerably below t…
Validity and Reliability Consequences of Confidence Weighting
The Communality of Essay and Objective Tests of Academic Achievement
Multiple Comparisons in Research: A Response to a Comment
A Schema for Proper Utilization of Multiple Comparisons in Research and a Case Study
Kenneth D. Hopkins, Russell A. Chadbourn, A Schema for Proper Utilization of Multiple Comparisons in Research and a Case Study, American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Nov., 1967), pp. 407-412
Differential Content Validity: The California Spelling Test, an Illustrative Example
The Unit of Analysis: Group Means Versus Individual Observations
This paper shows that the common recommendation to use group means when there may be nonindependence among observational units is unnecessary, unduly restrictive, impoverishes the analysis, and limits the questions that can be addressed in a study. When random factors are properly identified and included in the analysis, the results (Fs and critical Fs) are identical in balanced ANOVA designs, irrespective of whether group means or individual obs…
Applicability of chi-square to 2 × 2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies
Standard statistics textbooks recommend the use of chi-square with 2X2 contingency tables only when the expected frequency of each cell is at least five. The Yates correction for continuity is also recommended to increase the accuracy of the resulting probability statement. The empirical consequences of these recommendations were explored on a wide variety of 2 X 2 contingency tables. Pearson's chi-square test was found to be very robust with sma…
The Effect of Character Sex on Story Interest and Comprehension in Children
The effect of the sex of the main character on boys' and girls' reading interest and comprehension was studied for 540 students in grade 5. Each student was randomly assigned one of 18 representative stories from children's periodicals written at an appropriate readability. There were three stories in each of the three types of stories (mystery, adventure, and humor); each of the nine stories appeared in two versions that were identical except fo…
Generalizability Theory and Experimental Design: Incongruity between Analysis and Inference
The inferences drawn from many statistical analyses are not congruent with the analyses performed. The analysis commonly employed when cognitive or affective measures serve as the dependent variable yields an inference that is rigorously generalizable only to the specific set of scales or items that were employed, and not to the intended universe of items of which the set used is viewed as a representative sample. The arguments in this paper show…
Testing for association in 2 × 2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes
Ten-Year Stability of Verbal and Nonverbal IQ Scores
Intelligence tests continue to be the most widely used measures of cognitive aptitudes. Performance on such measures is usually expressed as an IQ score. Popular opinion to the contrary, relatively little is known about the long term measuring of IQ scores from group verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests, especially the latter. This study shows that, below ten years of age, stability in IQ scores from group verbal tests is considerably below t…
Punishment in Schools
R ésumé DE LA PUNITION DANS LES ÉCOLES. Cet article décrit une enquête qui avait pour but de constater l'attitude des élèves anglais normaux envers la punition, et de découvrir de quelle façon cette attitude se transforme à mesure que l'âge augmente. L'on demanda à plus de deux mille élèves des deux sexes et de rang social varié, entre l'âge de 8 et 16 ans, de fournir des réponses anonymes à un questionnaire. Des résultats l'on tira les conclusio…
The Concurrent and Congruent Validities of the Wide Range Achievement Test
Intraindividual and Interindividual Positional Preference Response Styles in Ability Tests
Extrinsic Reliability: Estimating and Attenuating Variance From Response Styles, Chance, and Other Irrelevant Sources
Differential Content Validity: The California Spelling Test, an Illustrative Example
A social-psychological study of religious nonbelievers
An Empirical Comparison of Pupil Achievement and Other Variables in Graded and Ungraded Classes
During the past decade, interest in classroom organization and structure has increased, particularly interest in the ungraded, or nongraded, school. Goodlad and Anderson (1959) listed approximately fifty communities in which schools were using this type of organization, usually at the primary level. Much has been written regarding the purported superiority of the nongraded system (Anderson, 1962; Downs, 1960; Goodlad and Anderson, 1959; Gore, 196…
A Schema for Proper Utilization of Multiple Comparisons in Research and a Case Study
Kenneth D. Hopkins, Russell A. Chadbourn, A Schema for Proper Utilization of Multiple Comparisons in Research and a Case Study, American Educational Research Journal, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Nov., 1967), pp. 407-412
Multiple Comparisons in Research: A Response to a Comment
The Communality of Essay and Objective Tests of Academic Achievement
Validity and Reliability Consequences of Confidence Weighting
Ten-Year Stability of Verbal and Nonverbal IQ Scores
Intelligence tests continue to be the most widely used measures of cognitive aptitudes. Performance on such measures is usually expressed as an IQ score. Popular opinion to the contrary, relatively little is known about the long term measuring of IQ scores from group verbal and non-verbal intelligence tests, especially the latter. This study shows that, below ten years of age, stability in IQ scores from group verbal tests is considerably below t…
Interval Estimation of Correlation Coefficients Corrected for Restriction of Range
Two objectives guided the present study: (1) to provide a suitable test for the hypothesis rho = 0, and (2) to establish nomograms by which general users of R can set confidence intervals on rho. The first objective was approached by testing several possible solutions similar to the procedure followed by Forsyth. The second objective was pursued via a combination of a general analytical procedure (Mood and Graybill, 1963) together with computer s…
Applicability of chi-square to 2???2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies
Applicability of chi-square to 2 × 2 contingency tables with small expected cell frequencies
Standard statistics textbooks recommend the use of chi-square with 2X2 contingency tables only when the expected frequency of each cell is at least five. The Yates correction for continuity is also recommended to increase the accuracy of the resulting probability statement. The empirical consequences of these recommendations were explored on a wide variety of 2 X 2 contingency tables. Pearson's chi-square test was found to be very robust with sma…
Testing for association in 2???2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes
Testing for association in 2 × 2 contingency tables with very small sample sizes
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
The Unit of Analysis: Group Means Versus Individual Observations
This paper shows that the common recommendation to use group means when there may be nonindependence among observational units is unnecessary, unduly restrictive, impoverishes the analysis, and limits the questions that can be addressed in a study. When random factors are properly identified and included in the analysis, the results (Fs and critical Fs) are identical in balanced ANOVA designs, irrespective of whether group means or individual obs…
A Strategy for Analyzing Anova Designs Having One or More Random Factors
A general analysis strategy is proposed such that the universe of inference is increased incrementally. The strategy prevents logically incongruent findings that occasionally result when the conventional analysis strategy is employed
Generalizability Theory and Experimental Design: Incongruity between Analysis and Inference
The inferences drawn from many statistical analyses are not congruent with the analyses performed. The analysis commonly employed when cognitive or affective measures serve as the dependent variable yields an inference that is rigorously generalizable only to the specific set of scales or items that were employed, and not to the intended universe of items of which the set used is viewed as a representative sample. The arguments in this paper show…
The effects of special reading time in Spanish on the reading abilities and attitudes of Hispanic junior high school students
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
1. Introduction. The Image of Statistics. Two Types of Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. Inferential Statistics. The Interdisciplinary Nature of Statistics. Statistics and Mathematics. Case Study with Computer applications. Secrets of Success. The Rewards of Your Labor. 2. Frequency Distributions. Variables. Measurements of Variables. Use of Symbols. Frequency Distributions. Organizing Data for Meaning. An Example. Ungrouped Frequency Distribut…
Power Estimates in the Presence of a Covariate and Measurement Error
The statistical power of a test of significance for the difference among means is dependent upon a number of factors, among them the presence of a covariate, which often serves to increase power, as well as measurement error, which reduces power. Formulas are provided for adjusting Cohen's (1977) f value for these two sources of variability. These adjusted f values can then be used with Cohen's power tables. An example of the use of these formula…
The Effect of Character Sex on Story Interest and Comprehension in Children
The effect of the sex of the main character on boys' and girls' reading interest and comprehension was studied for 540 students in grade 5. Each student was randomly assigned one of 18 representative stories from children's periodicals written at an appropriate readability. There were three stories in each of the three types of stories (mystery, adventure, and humor); each of the nine stories appeared in two versions that were identical except fo…
Psychology (24 works) · Mathematics (22 works) · Statistics (19 works) · Econometrics (14 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Mathematics education (9 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques (5 works) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (5 works) · Engineering (5 works)