Bruce E Wampold
Biographic Data
| ID | 188444 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bruce E Wampold |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bruce E |
| FAMILY NAME | Wampold |
| SIGNATURE | WAMPOLD B E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1507-980X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 211 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Use of antidepressant medication is associated with slower response to open-ended psychotherapy for depressed patients
Medicated patients may experience less response to psychotherapy in terms of depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems compared to nonmedicated patients
Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: Volume 2: Evidence-Based Therapist Responsiveness
Psychotherapy Relationships That Work is the definitive, evidence-based book on the psychotherapy relationship: what works in general (Volume 1) and what works for particular patients (Volume 2). Each chapter presents definitions, clinical examples, landmark studies, comprehensive meta-analyses, diversity considerations, and training implications and ends with bulleted clinical practices. The third edition of the classic Psychotherapy Relationshi…
Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Volume 2
The alliance in adult psychotherapy: A meta-analytic synthesis.
The alliance continues to be one of the most investigated variables related to success in psychotherapy irrespective of theoretical orientation. We define and illustrate the alliance (also conceptualized as therapeutic alliance, helping alliance, or working alliance) and then present a meta-analysis of 295 independent studies that covered more than 30,000 patients (published between 1978 and 2017) for face-to-face and Internet-based psychotherapy…
Mindfulness-based interventions for psychiatric disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Psychotherapy Expertise Should Mean Superior Outcomes and Demonstrable Improvement Over Time
How the field understands psychotherapy expertise is important. It affects how we practice and how we prepare others for practice. As in our other work, we argue that the most meaningful definition of expertise must involve steady improvement over time to achieve superior performance on some meaningful measure, which typically is client outcome. We also argue that the best means by which a therapist can achieve this is through ongoing deliberate …
The Great Psychotherapy Debate: The Evidence for What Makes Psychotherapy Work
The second edition of The Great Psychotherapy Debate has been updated and revised to expand the presentation of the Contextual Model, which is derived from a scientific understanding of how humans heal in a social context and explains findings from a vast array of psychotherapies studies. This model provides a compelling alternative to traditional research on psychotherapy, which tends to focus on identifying the most effective treatment for part…
How important are the common factors in psychotherapy? An update
The common factors have a long history in the field of psychotherapy theory, research and practice. To understand the evidence supporting them as important therapeutic elements, the contextual model of psychotherapy is outlined. Then the evidence, primarily from meta‐analyses, is presented for particular common factors, including alliance, empathy, expectations, cultural adaptation, and therapist differences. Then the evidence for four factors re…
Expertise in psychotherapy: An elusive goal
It has been argued that psychotherapy is a profession without any expertise (Shanteau, 1992). We examine the validity of this claim, reviewing the literature on expertise, clinical decision making, and psychotherapeutic outcome assessment, and find it a reasonable assessment. There is no demonstration of accuracy and skill that is associated with experience as a therapist. We posit that this absence of an expertise-experience relation is attribut…
The 2011 Leona Tyler Award Address: The Relationship—and Its Relationship to the Common and Specific Factors of Psychotherapy
A debate exists about whether the common factors or specific ingredients are critical to producing the benefits of psychotherapy. A model of the relationship, based on evolved human characteristics related to healing, is presented that integrates common factors and specific ingredients. After the initial bond is formed, the relationship involves three healing aspects: the real relationship, the creation of expectations, and participation in healt…
Evidence-based therapy relationships: Research conclusions and clinical practices.
In this closing article of the special issue, we present the conclusions and recommendations of the interdivisional task force on evidence-based therapy relationships. The work was based on a series of meta-analyses conducted on the effectiveness of various relationship elements and methods of treatment adaptation. A panel of experts concluded that several relationship elements were demonstrably effective (alliance in individual psychotherapy, al…
Culturally adapted psychotherapy and the legitimacy of myth: A direct-comparison meta-analysis.
Psychotherapy is a culturally encapsulated healing practice that is created from and dedicated to specific cultural contexts (Frank & Frank, 1993; Wampold, 2007; Wrenn, 1962). Consequently, conventional psychotherapy is a practice most suitable for dominant cultural groups within North America and Western Europe but may be culturally incongruent with the values and worldviews of ethnic and racial minority groups (e.g., D. W. Sue, Arredondo, & McD…
The heart and soul of change: Delivering what works in therapy (2nd ed.).
Belongingness as a Protective Factor Against Loneliness and Potential Depression in a Multicultural Middle School
This study examines belongingness as a strengths-based protective factor. Belongingness is investigated in relationship to the threat of low peer acceptance for loneliness and of high loneliness for depression in adolescents. Data were collected from peers for adolescents’ peer acceptance and from adolescents themselves for other variables. Ratings of peers and self-reported survey data were analyzed together from data collected from 294 eighth-g…
The Intellectual Foundations of Education: Core Journals and Their Impacts on Scholarship and Practice
Academic journals are the primary mode of communication among researchers, and they play a central role in the creation, diffusion, and use of knowledge. This article updates previous attempts to identify a core set of journals that most education scholars would acknowledge as consequential sources. On the basis of nominations from a panel of experts, 11 primary journals were identified; 3 of these— American Educational Research Journal, Educatio…
The 2006 Leona Tyler Award Address: Our Identity: How Multiculturalism Saved Counseling Psychology
Psychotherapy: The humanistic (and effective) treatment
Although it is well established that psychotherapy is remarkably effective, the change process in psychotherapy is not well understood. Psychotherapy is compared with medicine and cultural healing practices to argue that critical aspects of psychotherapy involve human processes that are used in religious, spiritual, and cultural healing practices. A model of psychotherapy is presented that stipulates various aspects that involve uniquely human ch…
Clarification and elaboration on evidence-based practice in psychology
Responds to comments by D. C. Wendt and B. D. Slife, P. H. Hunsberger, and R. B. Stuart and S. O. Lilienfeld regarding the report by the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice entitled Evidence-based practice in psychology. The goal of the task force was to create a scheme that would suggest how evidence should be used to design and offer services that will benefit patients and to assure the public and the health care system that …
Ethnic Group Preferences for Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Asian American (n = 155), European American (n = 200), and Hispanic (n = 152) undergraduate students were surveyed using a paired-comparison format to determine preferences for the 9 attitudes/beliefs, 11 knowledges, and 11 skills identified by D. W. Sue, P. Arredondo, and R. J. McDavis (1992) as characteristics of the competent multicultural counselor. The Bradley-Terry-Luce model, which uses a weighted least square regression to place the compe…
Bashing Positivism and Reversing a Medical Model Under the Guise of Evidence
In her advocacy of a model to train counseling psychologists as “evidence-based practitioners,” Chwalisz (2003 [this issue]) criticizes research based on positivism and advocates for methodological pluralism but ironically suggests the adoption of a medical model to influence the discourse on practice. In this comment, the author examines (a) issues raised by methodological pluralism and multiple sources of evidence and (b) dilemmas created by cr…
Closing Comments on Counseling Psychology’s Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions
Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counseling Psychology
The authors present background on the development of principles for the identification of empirically supported interventions in counseling psychology by the American Psychological Association’s Division 17 and include an overview of guiding considerations around which these principles were developed. As a context for these principles, the authors present a brief history of the social-economic-professional context within which the sometimes conte…
Adolescent Strategies for Coping With Cultural Diversity
This investigation tested H. L. K. Coleman's (1995b) hypotheses that the strategies adolescents use to cope with cultural diversity will be organized in a sequential manner and that adolescents will use different strategies depending on the situation. To test these hypotheses, the authors had 398 adolescents rate the likelihood of using 6 strategies for coping with cultural diversity: Separation, Assimilation, Acculturation, Alternation, Integrat…
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) in Perspective: Implications for Counseling Psychology Training
There is a strong movement toward employing only evidence-based treatments or empirically validated treatments (EVTs) in delivering psychological services. This movement is affecting professional practice, research, and training now and will continue to be influential far into the future. Efficacious treatments attempt to respond successfully to three prominent realms challenging psychology’s professional integrity: practicing psychologists’ appl…
Asian American Preferences for Counselor Characteristics: Application of the Bradley-Terry-Luce Model to Paired Comparison Data
This study used the same paired comparison format used in four earlier studies to survey ethnic minority preferences for counselor characteristics. However, in the current study, a statistical procedure designed specifically for paired comparison data that provides a powerful test of the relationship between preferences for counselor characteristics and selected within-group variables was used to analyze Asian American preferences for counselor c…
Psychotherapy: The humanistic (and effective) treatment
Although it is well established that psychotherapy is remarkably effective, the change process in psychotherapy is not well understood. Psychotherapy is compared with medicine and cultural healing practices to argue that critical aspects of psychotherapy involve human processes that are used in religious, spiritual, and cultural healing practices. A model of psychotherapy is presented that stipulates various aspects that involve uniquely human ch…
A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: "Empiricially, "all must have prizes
Research in Counseling Psychology: Prospects and Recommendations
This report presents a summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the Research Group at the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology. The report is organized into five topics, as were discussed during the conference. These topics are (a) definition and image, (b) methodological diversity in counseling research, (c) multi- and cross-cultural issues, (d) the connection of research to practice, and (e) research training. Fifteen ge…
Expertise in psychotherapy: An elusive goal
It has been argued that psychotherapy is a profession without any expertise (Shanteau, 1992). We examine the validity of this claim, reviewing the literature on expertise, clinical decision making, and psychotherapeutic outcome assessment, and find it a reasonable assessment. There is no demonstration of accuracy and skill that is associated with experience as a therapist. We posit that this absence of an expertise-experience relation is attribut…
A Comparison of the Counselor Rating Form and the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale
The purpose of this study was to compare two measures of perceived counselor expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness: the Counselor Rating Form (CRF) and the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale (CERS
Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counseling Psychology
The authors present background on the development of principles for the identification of empirically supported interventions in counseling psychology by the American Psychological Association’s Division 17 and include an overview of guiding considerations around which these principles were developed. As a context for these principles, the authors present a brief history of the social-economic-professional context within which the sometimes conte…
A Proposal to Integrate Science and Practice in Counseling Psychology
Science and practice cannot continue together without a major attitudinal shiA a broadening perspective of science and practice and how these two activities can be integrated to strengthen each other. This article represents the culmination of a 2-year project that examined the roles of science and practice within counseling psychology. The central goal of the article is to present (a) specific recommendations for promoting the integration of sci…
The 2011 Leona Tyler Award Address: The Relationship—and Its Relationship to the Common and Specific Factors of Psychotherapy
A debate exists about whether the common factors or specific ingredients are critical to producing the benefits of psychotherapy. A model of the relationship, based on evolved human characteristics related to healing, is presented that integrates common factors and specific ingredients. After the initial bond is formed, the relationship involves three healing aspects: the real relationship, the creation of expectations, and participation in healt…
Belongingness as a Protective Factor Against Loneliness and Potential Depression in a Multicultural Middle School
This study examines belongingness as a strengths-based protective factor. Belongingness is investigated in relationship to the threat of low peer acceptance for loneliness and of high loneliness for depression in adolescents. Data were collected from peers for adolescents’ peer acceptance and from adolescents themselves for other variables. Ratings of peers and self-reported survey data were analyzed together from data collected from 294 eighth-g…
Adolescent Strategies for Coping With Cultural Diversity
This investigation tested H. L. K. Coleman's (1995b) hypotheses that the strategies adolescents use to cope with cultural diversity will be organized in a sequential manner and that adolescents will use different strategies depending on the situation. To test these hypotheses, the authors had 398 adolescents rate the likelihood of using 6 strategies for coping with cultural diversity: Separation, Assimilation, Acculturation, Alternation, Integrat…
Toward Quality Research in Counseling Psychology: Curricular Recommendations for Design and Analysis
The purpose of this article is to propose competencies that are necessary to conduct research in counseling psychology and to propose curricular modifications that will aid the acquisition of those competencies. To understand better the present status of research training in counseling psychology, programs approved by the American Psychological Association were surveyed to assess the research design and analysis curriculum of those programs, rese…
Clarification and elaboration on evidence-based practice in psychology
Responds to comments by D. C. Wendt and B. D. Slife, P. H. Hunsberger, and R. B. Stuart and S. O. Lilienfeld regarding the report by the APA Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice entitled Evidence-based practice in psychology. The goal of the task force was to create a scheme that would suggest how evidence should be used to design and offer services that will benefit patients and to assure the public and the health care system that …
Asian American Preferences for Counselor Characteristics: Application of the Bradley-Terry-Luce Model to Paired Comparison Data
This study used the same paired comparison format used in four earlier studies to survey ethnic minority preferences for counselor characteristics. However, in the current study, a statistical procedure designed specifically for paired comparison data that provides a powerful test of the relationship between preferences for counselor characteristics and selected within-group variables was used to analyze Asian American preferences for counselor c…
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) in Perspective: Implications for Counseling Psychology Training
There is a strong movement toward employing only evidence-based treatments or empirically validated treatments (EVTs) in delivering psychological services. This movement is affecting professional practice, research, and training now and will continue to be influential far into the future. Efficacious treatments attempt to respond successfully to three prominent realms challenging psychology’s professional integrity: practicing psychologists’ appl…
The Intellectual Foundations of Education: Core Journals and Their Impacts on Scholarship and Practice
Academic journals are the primary mode of communication among researchers, and they play a central role in the creation, diffusion, and use of knowledge. This article updates previous attempts to identify a core set of journals that most education scholars would acknowledge as consequential sources. On the basis of nominations from a panel of experts, 11 primary journals were identified; 3 of these— American Educational Research Journal, Educatio…
Psychotherapy Expertise Should Mean Superior Outcomes and Demonstrable Improvement Over Time
How the field understands psychotherapy expertise is important. It affects how we practice and how we prepare others for practice. As in our other work, we argue that the most meaningful definition of expertise must involve steady improvement over time to achieve superior performance on some meaningful measure, which typically is client outcome. We also argue that the best means by which a therapist can achieve this is through ongoing deliberate …
The 2006 Leona Tyler Award Address: Our Identity: How Multiculturalism Saved Counseling Psychology
Ethnic Group Preferences for Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Asian American (n = 155), European American (n = 200), and Hispanic (n = 152) undergraduate students were surveyed using a paired-comparison format to determine preferences for the 9 attitudes/beliefs, 11 knowledges, and 11 skills identified by D. W. Sue, P. Arredondo, and R. J. McDavis (1992) as characteristics of the competent multicultural counselor. The Bradley-Terry-Luce model, which uses a weighted least square regression to place the compe…
Bashing Positivism and Reversing a Medical Model Under the Guise of Evidence
In her advocacy of a model to train counseling psychologists as “evidence-based practitioners,” Chwalisz (2003 [this issue]) criticizes research based on positivism and advocates for methodological pluralism but ironically suggests the adoption of a medical model to influence the discourse on practice. In this comment, the author examines (a) issues raised by methodological pluralism and multiple sources of evidence and (b) dilemmas created by cr…
Cognitive-behavioral factors in adjustment to adult bereavement
The experience of bereavement is associated with emotional, physical, and spiritual distress. Much attention has been directed toward identifying demographic and social-support factors that affect response to loss. In contrast, little is known about the role of cognitive-behavioral coping strategies in bereavement adjustment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of differential use of five cognitive-behavioral strategies on adj…
The flat earth as a metaphor for the evidence for uniform efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies: Reply to Crits-Christoph (1997) and Howard et al. (1997)
The central metaphor used to illustrate the finding that psychotherapies produce generally equivalent outcomes has been that of the Dodo bird, who in Alice in Wonderland (Carroll, 1865/ 1962) exclaimed, everybody has won, and all must have prizes. In spite of the empirical evidence for the conclusion that there are no differences in relative efficacy among bona fide psychotherapies, the Dodo bird verdict cannot achieve much respect, as witnessed …
Covariance Structure Analysis: Seduced by Sophistication
The Categorization of Ethnic Stereotypes by University Counselors
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive organizational factors on stereotyping. Using a free-sort task, it was found that university counselors tend to form constellations of stereotypes that correspond to specific ethnic groups. Although there was a tendency not to differentiate Anglo and Asian American stereotypes, Chicano stereotypes were well differentiated from the other two groups. Implications for research and …
Affirmative Action Efforts of Counselor Education Programs
An affirmative action questionnaire was sent to randomly selected counselor education programs listed in the 1977 Counselor Education Drectory. The questionnaire asked respondents to identify the activities used by their programs to recruit, admit, and support members of four minority groups. This article reports the results of the survey which indicate that in the absence of federal mandates, counselor education programs engage in a limited numb…
The Categorization of Ethnic Stereotypes by University Counselors
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of cognitive organizational factors on stereotyping. Using a free-sort task, it was found that university counselors tend to form constellations of stereotypes that correspond to specific ethnic groups. Although there was a tendency not to differentiate Anglo and Asian American stereotypes, Chicano stereotypes were well differentiated from the other two groups. Implications for research and …
Affirmative Action Efforts of Counselor Education Programs
An affirmative action questionnaire was sent to randomly selected counselor education programs listed in the 1977 Counselor Education Drectory. The questionnaire asked respondents to identify the activities used by their programs to recruit, admit, and support members of four minority groups. This article reports the results of the survey which indicate that in the absence of federal mandates, counselor education programs engage in a limited numb…
Nonparametric strategies to test the independence of behavioral states in sequential data
Nonparametric strategies to test the independence of behavioral states in sequential data
A Comparison of the Counselor Rating Form and the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale
The purpose of this study was to compare two measures of perceived counselor expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness: the Counselor Rating Form (CRF) and the Counselor Effectiveness Rating Scale (CERS
Tests of dominance in sequential categorical data
Tests of dominance in sequential categorical data
Toward Quality Research in Counseling Psychology: Curricular Recommendations for Design and Analysis
The purpose of this article is to propose competencies that are necessary to conduct research in counseling psychology and to propose curricular modifications that will aid the acquisition of those competencies. To understand better the present status of research training in counseling psychology, programs approved by the American Psychological Association were surveyed to assess the research design and analysis curriculum of those programs, rese…
Covariance Structure Analysis: Seduced by Sophistication
Research in Counseling Psychology: Prospects and Recommendations
This report presents a summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the Research Group at the Third National Conference for Counseling Psychology. The report is organized into five topics, as were discussed during the conference. These topics are (a) definition and image, (b) methodological diversity in counseling research, (c) multi- and cross-cultural issues, (d) the connection of research to practice, and (e) research training. Fifteen ge…
Counselor Recall of Specific Details: Implications for Counseling and Counselor Training
This study examined two verbal process variables in counseling: (a) accuracy of counselor recall statements, and (b) relevance of counselor recall statements
A Proposal to Integrate Science and Practice in Counseling Psychology
Science and practice cannot continue together without a major attitudinal shiA a broadening perspective of science and practice and how these two activities can be integrated to strengthen each other. This article represents the culmination of a 2-year project that examined the roles of science and practice within counseling psychology. The central goal of the article is to present (a) specific recommendations for promoting the integration of sci…
Cognitive-behavioral factors in adjustment to adult bereavement
The experience of bereavement is associated with emotional, physical, and spiritual distress. Much attention has been directed toward identifying demographic and social-support factors that affect response to loss. In contrast, little is known about the role of cognitive-behavioral coping strategies in bereavement adjustment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of differential use of five cognitive-behavioral strategies on adj…
The flat earth as a metaphor for the evidence for uniform efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies: Reply to Crits-Christoph (1997) and Howard et al. (1997)
The flat earth as a metaphor for the evidence for uniform efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies: Reply to Crits-Christoph (1997) and Howard et al. (1997)
The central metaphor used to illustrate the finding that psychotherapies produce generally equivalent outcomes has been that of the Dodo bird, who in Alice in Wonderland (Carroll, 1865/ 1962) exclaimed, everybody has won, and all must have prizes. In spite of the empirical evidence for the conclusion that there are no differences in relative efficacy among bona fide psychotherapies, the Dodo bird verdict cannot achieve much respect, as witnessed …
A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: "Empiricially, "all must have prizes
Asian American Preferences for Counselor Characteristics: Application of the Bradley-Terry-Luce Model to Paired Comparison Data
This study used the same paired comparison format used in four earlier studies to survey ethnic minority preferences for counselor characteristics. However, in the current study, a statistical procedure designed specifically for paired comparison data that provides a powerful test of the relationship between preferences for counselor characteristics and selected within-group variables was used to analyze Asian American preferences for counselor c…
Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs) in Perspective: Implications for Counseling Psychology Training
There is a strong movement toward employing only evidence-based treatments or empirically validated treatments (EVTs) in delivering psychological services. This movement is affecting professional practice, research, and training now and will continue to be influential far into the future. Efficacious treatments attempt to respond successfully to three prominent realms challenging psychology’s professional integrity: practicing psychologists’ appl…
Adolescent Strategies for Coping With Cultural Diversity
This investigation tested H. L. K. Coleman's (1995b) hypotheses that the strategies adolescents use to cope with cultural diversity will be organized in a sequential manner and that adolescents will use different strategies depending on the situation. To test these hypotheses, the authors had 398 adolescents rate the likelihood of using 6 strategies for coping with cultural diversity: Separation, Assimilation, Acculturation, Alternation, Integrat…
Closing Comments on Counseling Psychology’s Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions
Principles of Empirically Supported Interventions in Counseling Psychology
The authors present background on the development of principles for the identification of empirically supported interventions in counseling psychology by the American Psychological Association’s Division 17 and include an overview of guiding considerations around which these principles were developed. As a context for these principles, the authors present a brief history of the social-economic-professional context within which the sometimes conte…
Bashing Positivism and Reversing a Medical Model Under the Guise of Evidence
In her advocacy of a model to train counseling psychologists as “evidence-based practitioners,” Chwalisz (2003 [this issue]) criticizes research based on positivism and advocates for methodological pluralism but ironically suggests the adoption of a medical model to influence the discourse on practice. In this comment, the author examines (a) issues raised by methodological pluralism and multiple sources of evidence and (b) dilemmas created by cr…
Ethnic Group Preferences for Multicultural Counseling Competencies
Asian American (n = 155), European American (n = 200), and Hispanic (n = 152) undergraduate students were surveyed using a paired-comparison format to determine preferences for the 9 attitudes/beliefs, 11 knowledges, and 11 skills identified by D. W. Sue, P. Arredondo, and R. J. McDavis (1992) as characteristics of the competent multicultural counselor. The Bradley-Terry-Luce model, which uses a weighted least square regression to place the compe…
The 2006 Leona Tyler Award Address: Our Identity: How Multiculturalism Saved Counseling Psychology
Psychotherapy: The humanistic (and effective) treatment
Although it is well established that psychotherapy is remarkably effective, the change process in psychotherapy is not well understood. Psychotherapy is compared with medicine and cultural healing practices to argue that critical aspects of psychotherapy involve human processes that are used in religious, spiritual, and cultural healing practices. A model of psychotherapy is presented that stipulates various aspects that involve uniquely human ch…
Psychology (39 works) · Psychotherapist (22 works) · Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications (20 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Clinical Psychology (15 works) · Counseling Practices and Supervision (15 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Social Psychology (11 works) · Applied Psychology (10 works) · Applied Psychology (10 works)