Jan-Louis Kruger
Biographic Data
| ID | 2274270 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jan-Louis Kruger |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jan-Louis |
| FAMILY NAME | Kruger |
| SIGNATURE | KRUGER J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Macquarie University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4817-5390 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 21 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The impact of task demand on subtitle reading in video games
While prior research has established how people read in non-interactive media, little is known about the reading process in interactive multimedia such as video games. In this exploratory eye-tracking study, two levels of reading demand (high vs. low) were created during gameplay. Ninety-eight participants were randomly assigned to play a video game with either an English (L1; low reading demand) or an unintelligible foreign-language (FL; high re…
That’s not what they said!' The impact of incongruities between the dialogue and intralingual subtitles on viewer experience
Subtitling is often viewed as a vulnerable form of translation, subject to close scrutiny and criticism, especially by viewers who can readily assess its accuracy against the original dialogues. Today, an increasing number of viewers choose to watch audiovisual content with intralingual English-to-English subtitles although they can understand English and have no hearing impairment. In this study, we explore how such viewers, proficient in the la…
Visual processing during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting
This study investigates the visual processing patterns during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting (CACI). In phase I of the proposed CACI workflow, the interpreter listens to the source speech and respeaks it into speech recognition (SR) software. In phase II, the interpreter produces target speech supported by the SR text and its machine translation (MT) output. A group of students performed CACI with their eye movements tracked. In phase…
Establishing a theoretical framework for AVT research
Empirical research on the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation ( AVT ) products has been thriving over the past decade. While the use of cutting-edge experimental tools such as eye trackers has drawn increasing scholarly attention and accelerated the progress in understanding the complex mental processes involved in the reception of multimodal AVT products, relatively less attention has been devoted to the importance of establishing a …
The readability of online health information for L1 and L2 Australians
The readability of online health information involves several factors in communication, including textual factors in verbal messaging and demographics relating to the readership, both of which impact on access to health information for first language (L1) and second language (L2) individuals in the Australian community. This research aims to identify the issues inherent in health texts as well as different readers’ comprehension of the informatio…
Legendas na imagem fílmica
Este artigo prove uma visão geral dos estudos com rastreamento ocular em legendas (também conhecidas como legendagem) e faz recomendações para estudos cognitivos futuros na área da Tradução Audiovisual (TA). Achamos que todos os estudos conduzidos na área até os dias de hoje falham ao abordarem o verdadeiro processamento real da informação verbal contida nas legendas e, em vez disso, enfocam o impacto das legendas no comportamento de visualização…
Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting
This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during not…
Triangulation of online and offline measures of processing and reception in AVT
This chapter reviews methodologies for investigating the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation products using the triangulation of physiological, psychometric and performance measures. It also provides an analysis of the strengths and limitations of these measures to offer a synthesis of what has been achieved in this field and what remains to be developed. Such triangulation faces many challenges and rewards related to conducting inter…
Measuring cognitive load in the presence of educational video
The use of video has become well established in education, from traditional courses to blended and online courses. It has grown both in its diversity of applications as well as its content. Such educational video however is not fully accessible to all students, particularly those who require additional visual support or students studying in a foreign language. Subtitles (also known as captions) represent a unique solution to these language and ac…
The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers
In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intraling…
Putting the audience in the picture
Audio description (AD) often emphasises the visual elements of a film rather than the way these elements are presented. However, what is seen and the way it is shown are equally important for creating meaning in film. The term mise-en-shot refers to the way in which visual aspects are shown to the audience. In order to determine whether the stylistic elements of film created by means of mise-en-shot could influence the reception of audio describe…
Original language subtitles
This study investigates the impact of same-language subtitles on the immersion into audiovisual narratives as a function of the viewer’s language (native or foreigner). Students from two universities in Australia and one in Spain were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups, in which they saw a drama with the original English soundtrack either with same-language English subtitles (n=81) or without subtitles (n=92). The sample included…
Subtitles and Eye Tracking
This article presents an experimental study to investigate whether subtitle reading has a positive impact on academic performance. In the absence of reliable indexes of reading behavior in dynamic texts, the article first formulates and validates an index to measure the reading of text, such as subtitles on film. Eye-tracking measures (fixations and saccades) are expressed as functions of the number of standard words and word length and provide a…
Ideology and Subtitling
This article investigates the ideological component of patronage in the subtitling of four South African soap operas: Generations , 7de Laan , Muvhango , and Isidingo . Taking the concepts introduced by Lefevere as point of departure, the article first discusses the various ways in which audiovisual translation (AVT) is subject to manipulation. This manipulation is shown to be a result of the fact that subtitles, as text superimposed onto the ima…
Pear Stories and Audio Description
In the mid-1970s, professor Wallace Chafe, a specialist in Native American languages at the University of California, Berkeley, set up an experiment to test the reception of a visual story in diffe
Making meaning in AVT
The reception of film with a view to audiovisual translation (AVT) is a field that has been receiving more attention in the last few years. This shows a move away from product-oriented research. Nevertheless, methodologies for using eye tracking in this regard have not been established. This article presents an attempt to correlate eye-tracking data, collected from participants viewing Wallace Chafe's 1975 Pear Film, with viewer constructions of …
Audio description, audio narration – a new era in AVT
This special issue is the second monograph dedicated exclusively to audio description (AD), the first being the volume edited by Ulla Fix in 2005 with the title Horfilm. Bildkompensation durch Spra
Audio narration
Audiovisual texts rely on their polysemiotic nature to create audiovisual narrative. For audiences who do not have access to any one of the semiotic codes, the very essence of the narrative is compromised. The nature of these texts has changed to such an extent that they have to be re-narrativised. Within that part of the field of audiovisual translation (AVT) that aims at providing access to audiovisual texts to viewers excluded from the visual …
The translation of narrative fiction
This article presents an approach to the translation of narrative fiction that draws on the interpretive dimensions of some ‘postclassical’ variants of narratology. This approach is primarily built on two related concepts that are introduced here in an attempt to obviate the need for the identification of a range of textual agents, and that may enable the translator of narrative fiction to arrive at a more informed interpretation of the source te…
Audio narration
Audiovisual texts rely on their polysemiotic nature to create audiovisual narrative. For audiences who do not have access to any one of the semiotic codes, the very essence of the narrative is compromised. The nature of these texts has changed to such an extent that they have to be re-narrativised. Within that part of the field of audiovisual translation (AVT) that aims at providing access to audiovisual texts to viewers excluded from the visual …
Making meaning in AVT
The reception of film with a view to audiovisual translation (AVT) is a field that has been receiving more attention in the last few years. This shows a move away from product-oriented research. Nevertheless, methodologies for using eye tracking in this regard have not been established. This article presents an attempt to correlate eye-tracking data, collected from participants viewing Wallace Chafe's 1975 Pear Film, with viewer constructions of …
Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting
This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during not…
The translation of narrative fiction
This article presents an approach to the translation of narrative fiction that draws on the interpretive dimensions of some ‘postclassical’ variants of narratology. This approach is primarily built on two related concepts that are introduced here in an attempt to obviate the need for the identification of a range of textual agents, and that may enable the translator of narrative fiction to arrive at a more informed interpretation of the source te…
Subtitles and Eye Tracking
This article presents an experimental study to investigate whether subtitle reading has a positive impact on academic performance. In the absence of reliable indexes of reading behavior in dynamic texts, the article first formulates and validates an index to measure the reading of text, such as subtitles on film. Eye-tracking measures (fixations and saccades) are expressed as functions of the number of standard words and word length and provide a…
The translation of narrative fiction
This article presents an approach to the translation of narrative fiction that draws on the interpretive dimensions of some ‘postclassical’ variants of narratology. This approach is primarily built on two related concepts that are introduced here in an attempt to obviate the need for the identification of a range of textual agents, and that may enable the translator of narrative fiction to arrive at a more informed interpretation of the source te…
Audio description, audio narration – a new era in AVT
This special issue is the second monograph dedicated exclusively to audio description (AD), the first being the volume edited by Ulla Fix in 2005 with the title Horfilm. Bildkompensation durch Spra
Audio narration
Audiovisual texts rely on their polysemiotic nature to create audiovisual narrative. For audiences who do not have access to any one of the semiotic codes, the very essence of the narrative is compromised. The nature of these texts has changed to such an extent that they have to be re-narrativised. Within that part of the field of audiovisual translation (AVT) that aims at providing access to audiovisual texts to viewers excluded from the visual …
Pear Stories and Audio Description
In the mid-1970s, professor Wallace Chafe, a specialist in Native American languages at the University of California, Berkeley, set up an experiment to test the reception of a visual story in diffe
Making meaning in AVT
The reception of film with a view to audiovisual translation (AVT) is a field that has been receiving more attention in the last few years. This shows a move away from product-oriented research. Nevertheless, methodologies for using eye tracking in this regard have not been established. This article presents an attempt to correlate eye-tracking data, collected from participants viewing Wallace Chafe's 1975 Pear Film, with viewer constructions of …
Ideology and Subtitling
This article investigates the ideological component of patronage in the subtitling of four South African soap operas: Generations , 7de Laan , Muvhango , and Isidingo . Taking the concepts introduced by Lefevere as point of departure, the article first discusses the various ways in which audiovisual translation (AVT) is subject to manipulation. This manipulation is shown to be a result of the fact that subtitles, as text superimposed onto the ima…
Subtitles and Eye Tracking
This article presents an experimental study to investigate whether subtitle reading has a positive impact on academic performance. In the absence of reliable indexes of reading behavior in dynamic texts, the article first formulates and validates an index to measure the reading of text, such as subtitles on film. Eye-tracking measures (fixations and saccades) are expressed as functions of the number of standard words and word length and provide a…
Measuring cognitive load in the presence of educational video
The use of video has become well established in education, from traditional courses to blended and online courses. It has grown both in its diversity of applications as well as its content. Such educational video however is not fully accessible to all students, particularly those who require additional visual support or students studying in a foreign language. Subtitles (also known as captions) represent a unique solution to these language and ac…
The effects of text editing and subtitle presentation rate on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among deaf, hard of hearing and hearing viewers
In this paper we examine the influence of text editing (edited vs. verbatim subtitles) and subtitle presentation rates (12 vs. 15 characters per second) on the comprehension and reading patterns of interlingual and intralingual subtitles among a group of 44 deaf, 33 hard of hearing and 60 hearing Polish adult subjects. The results of the eyetracking study show no benefit of editing down the text of subtitles, particularly in the case of intraling…
Putting the audience in the picture
Audio description (AD) often emphasises the visual elements of a film rather than the way these elements are presented. However, what is seen and the way it is shown are equally important for creating meaning in film. The term mise-en-shot refers to the way in which visual aspects are shown to the audience. In order to determine whether the stylistic elements of film created by means of mise-en-shot could influence the reception of audio describe…
Original language subtitles
This study investigates the impact of same-language subtitles on the immersion into audiovisual narratives as a function of the viewer’s language (native or foreigner). Students from two universities in Australia and one in Spain were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups, in which they saw a drama with the original English soundtrack either with same-language English subtitles (n=81) or without subtitles (n=92). The sample included…
Triangulation of online and offline measures of processing and reception in AVT
This chapter reviews methodologies for investigating the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation products using the triangulation of physiological, psychometric and performance measures. It also provides an analysis of the strengths and limitations of these measures to offer a synthesis of what has been achieved in this field and what remains to be developed. Such triangulation faces many challenges and rewards related to conducting inter…
Legendas na imagem fílmica
Este artigo prove uma visão geral dos estudos com rastreamento ocular em legendas (também conhecidas como legendagem) e faz recomendações para estudos cognitivos futuros na área da Tradução Audiovisual (TA). Achamos que todos os estudos conduzidos na área até os dias de hoje falham ao abordarem o verdadeiro processamento real da informação verbal contida nas legendas e, em vez disso, enfocam o impacto das legendas no comportamento de visualização…
Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting
This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during not…
The readability of online health information for L1 and L2 Australians
The readability of online health information involves several factors in communication, including textual factors in verbal messaging and demographics relating to the readership, both of which impact on access to health information for first language (L1) and second language (L2) individuals in the Australian community. This research aims to identify the issues inherent in health texts as well as different readers’ comprehension of the informatio…
Establishing a theoretical framework for AVT research
Empirical research on the cognitive processing of audiovisual translation ( AVT ) products has been thriving over the past decade. While the use of cutting-edge experimental tools such as eye trackers has drawn increasing scholarly attention and accelerated the progress in understanding the complex mental processes involved in the reception of multimodal AVT products, relatively less attention has been devoted to the importance of establishing a …
That’s not what they said!' The impact of incongruities between the dialogue and intralingual subtitles on viewer experience
Subtitling is often viewed as a vulnerable form of translation, subject to close scrutiny and criticism, especially by viewers who can readily assess its accuracy against the original dialogues. Today, an increasing number of viewers choose to watch audiovisual content with intralingual English-to-English subtitles although they can understand English and have no hearing impairment. In this study, we explore how such viewers, proficient in the la…
Visual processing during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting
This study investigates the visual processing patterns during computer-assisted consecutive interpreting (CACI). In phase I of the proposed CACI workflow, the interpreter listens to the source speech and respeaks it into speech recognition (SR) software. In phase II, the interpreter produces target speech supported by the SR text and its machine translation (MT) output. A group of students performed CACI with their eye movements tracked. In phase…
The impact of task demand on subtitle reading in video games
While prior research has established how people read in non-interactive media, little is known about the reading process in interactive multimedia such as video games. In this exploratory eye-tracking study, two levels of reading demand (high vs. low) were created during gameplay. Ninety-eight participants were randomly assigned to play a video game with either an English (L1; low reading demand) or an unintelligible foreign-language (FL; high re…
Computer Science (14 works) · Subtitles and Audiovisual Media (14 works) · Psychology (13 works) · Linguistics (10 works) · Art (6 works) · Cognition (5 works) · Language, Metaphor, and Cognition (5 works) · Narrative (5 works) · Philosophy (5 works) · Translation Studies and Practices (5 works)