Steven Ruggle
Biographic Data
| ID | 228751 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Steven Ruggle |
| GIVEN NAMES | Steven |
| FAMILY NAME | Ruggle |
| SIGNATURE | RUGGLE S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5353-2578 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 75 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1040 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 75 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
“Equally Available to Anyone”: The Invention of Public Use Microdata at the U.S. Census Bureau
Highlights The Census Bureau invented microdata as a product of the 1960 U.S. Census. The 1960 public use sample revolutionized analysis of the U.S. population and led to an outpouring of new census-based research. Interactions between academics and the Census Bureau at the Population Association of America played a central role in development of the first microdata. Continued collaboration between academics and the Census Bureau is needed to ens…
I don’t trust you’: American Response to US Census Bureau Privacy and Disclosure Control, 1960–1970
Three great waves of public anxiety about census privacy swept over the United States in the twentieth century. In 1940, 1970, and 2000, newspapers reported on fears of the public and politicians about invasive census questions. This article focuses on the second wave of privacy concerns surrounding the 1970 census, which focused on Big Brother and government overreach. The Census Bureau response stressed the confidentiality of census responses, …
Using the TCP data to study Indigenous households’ living arrangements at the turn of the 20th century: Challenges and opportunities
Protecting Vulnerable Respondents: A Critical Analysis of the Privacy-Preserving Methods of the 2010 and 2020 Decennial Census
This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the statistical disclosure limitation (SDL) methodologies employed by the U.S. Census Bureau on the 2010 and 2020 Decennial Census releases under the perspective of the disclosure risk of the most vulnerable respondents. We first review the SDL methodology used up to the Decennial Census 2010, which was based on targeted swapping. Second, we examine recently reported reconstruction and reidentificatio…
Historical context and creation of the Ipums Ancestry full count population census data 1900–1930
IPUMS recently released final versions of full count census data for the United States 1900-1930. The information contained in these files is the product of three broad work stages: historical census enumeration, digitization, and IPUMS processing. The data were produced within an evolving institutional context and subjected to subsequent processes that had important ramifications on the final product. This paper documents these histories and pro…
New data sources for research on the nineteenth-century United States: Ipums full count datasets of the censuses of population 1850–1880
IPUMS has finalized databases for each of the United States population censuses from 1850 to 1880. These data are the result of collaborations between FamilySearch and Ancestry.com, which provided the raw data, and IPUMS, which enhanced the data with editing, standardized coding, inter-census harmonization, and documentation. We discuss the data capture process conducted by the nineteenth-century United States Census Office, construction of the m…
The Ipums multigenerational longitudinal panel: Progress and prospects
The IPUMS Multigenerational Longitudinal Panel (MLP) is a longitudinal population panel that links American censuses, surveys, administrative sources, and vital records spanning the period from 1850 to the present. This article explains the rationale for IPUMS MLP, outlines the design of the infrastructure, and describes the linking methods used to construct the panel. We then detail our plans for expansion and improvement of MLP over the next fi…
When Privacy Protection Goes Wrong: How and Why the 2020 Census Confidentiality Program Failed
The U.S. Census Bureau implemented a new disclosure control strategy for the 2020 Census that adds deliberate error to every population statistic for every geographic unit smaller than a state, including metropolitan areas, cities, and counties. This article traces the evolving rationale for the new procedures and assesses the impact of the 2020 disclosure control on data quality. The Census Bureau argues that the traditional disclosure controls …
Collaborations between Ipums and genealogical organizations, 1999-2022
From 1999 to 2019, IPUMS collaborated with genealogical organizations to develop massive individual-level census datasets spanning the 1790 through 1940 period, and we are currently working on the 1950 census. This research note describes how our genealogical collaborations came about. We focus on our collaborations with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Family and Church History Department (later known as FamilySearch) and the priv…
It's None of Their Damn Business: Privacy and Disclosure Control in the U.S. Census, 1790–2020
The U.S. Census has grappled with public concerns about privacy since the first enumeration in 1790. Beginning in the mid‐nineteenth century, census officials began responding to concerns about privacy with promises of confidentiality. In recent years, escalating concerns about confidentiality have threatened to reduce the usability of publicly accessible population data. This paper traces the history of privacy and disclosure control since 1790.…
The Role of Chance in the Census Bureau Database Reconstruction Experiment
The Census Bureau plans a new approach to disclosure control for the 2020 census that will add noise to every statistic the agency produces for places below the state level. The Bureau argues the new approach is needed because the confidentiality of census responses is threatened by “database reconstruction,” a technique for inferring individual-level responses from tabular data. The Census Bureau constructed hypothetical individual-level census …
A new strategy for linking U.S. historical censuses: A case study for the Ipums multigenerational longitudinal panel
This paper presents a probabilistic method of record linkage, developed using the U.S. full count censuses of 1900 and 1910 but applicable to many sources of digitized historical records. The method links records using a two-step approach, first establishing high confidence matches among men by exploiting a comprehensive set of individual and contextual characteristics. The method then proceeds to link both men and women by leveraging links betwe…
Race, class, and marriage: Components of race differences in men's first marriage rates, United States, 1960-2019
BACKGROUND: Wilson (1987) argued that race differences in the frequency of marriage from the 1960s to the 1980s resulted from a shortage of marriageable men in the Black community. A large literature used spatially defined measures of male marriageability to predict marriage rates of women. These studies concluded that the availability of marriageable men can explain only a fraction of race differences in marriage. I argue that this finding may r…
The Revival of Quantification: Reflections on Old New Histories
Quantitative historical analysis in the United States surged in three distinct waves. The first quantitative wave occurred as part of the “New History” that blossomed in the early twentieth century and disappeared in the 1940s and 1950s with the rise of consensus history. The second wave thrived from the 1960s to the 1980s during the ascendance of the New Economic History, the New Political History, and the New Social History, and died out during…
Census Technology, Politics, and Institutional Change, 1790-2020
This article traces the history of the methods and technology used by the Census Bureau to convert individual census responses into published tabulations. We argue that political considerations not only shaped the content and applications of the census, but also the mechanics of census taking. By focusing on federal responses to a specific technical challenge over a very long span, our narrative illuminates the long-run effects of shifting societ…
The History of Quantification in History: The JIH as a Case Study
The use of quantitative methods in leading historical journals increased dramatically in the 1960s and declined sharply after the mid-1980s. The JIH is an invaluable source for analysis of the boom and bust in the use of quantitative methods in history; the journal remained under the same editors for almost fifty years and made no attempt to change editorial policies during that period. Shifting patterns of content and authorship in the JIH from …
Historical Census Record Linkage
For the past 80 years, social scientists have been linking historical censuses across time to study economic and geographic mobility. In recent decades, the quantity of historical census record linkage has exploded, owing largely to the advent of new machine-readable data created by genealogical organizations. Investigators are examining economic and geographic mobility across multiple generations and also engaging many new topics. Several analys…
Census Microdata
Statistical coherence of primary schooling in Ipums-International integrated population samples for China, India, Vietnam and ten other Asia-Pacific countries
IPUMS-International www.ipums.org/international disseminates harmonized census microdata for more than 80 countries at no cost, although access is restricted to bona-fide researchers and students who agree to the stringent conditions of use license. Currently over 270 samples are available, totalling more than 600 million person records. Each year 15-20 additional samples are released, as more countries cooperate with the IPUMS initiative and the…
Patriarchy, Power, and Pay: The Transformation of American Families, 1800–2015
This article proposes explanations for the transformation of American families over the past two centuries. I describe the impact on families of the rise of male wage labor beginning in the nineteenth century and the rise of female wage labor in the twentieth century. I then examine the effects of decline in wage labor opportunities for young men and women during the past four decades. I present new estimates of a precipitous decline in the relat…
Big Microdata for Population Research
This article describes an explosion in the availability of individual-level population data. By 2018, demographic researchers will have access to over 2 billion records of accessible microdata from over 100 countries, dating from 1703 to the present. Another 2 to 4 billion records will be available through restricted-access data enclaves. These new resources represent a new kind of data that will enable transformative research on demographic and …
Breaking Up Is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce in the United States, 1980–2010
This article critically evaluates the available data on trends in divorce in the United States. We find that both vital statistics and retrospective survey data on divorce after 1990 underestimate recent marital instability. These flawed data have led some analysts to conclude that divorce has been stable or declining for the past three decades. Using new data from the American Community Survey and controlling for changes in the age composition o…
The Future of Historical Family Demography
An explosion of new data sources describing historical family composition is opening unprecedented opportunities for discovery and analysis. The new data will allow comparative multilevel analysis of spatial patterns and will support studies of the transformation of living arrangements over the past 200 years. Using measurement methods that assess family choices at the individual level and analytic strategies that assess variations across space a…
The North Atlantic Population Project: Progress and Prospects
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) is a massive database of historical census microdata from European and North American countries. The backbone of the project is the unique collection of completely digitized censuses providing information on the entire enumerated populations of each country. In addition, for some countries, the NAPP includes sample data from surrounding census years. In this article, the authors provide a brief history…
Big Data: Large-Scale Historical Infrastructure from the Minnesota Population Center
The Minnesota Population Center (MPC) provides aggregate data and microdata that have been integrated and harmonized to maximize crosstemporal and cross-spatial comparability. All MPC data products are distributed free of charge through an interactive Web interface that enables users to limit the data and metadata being analyzed to samples and variables of interest to their research. In this article, the authors describe the integrated databases …
The Decline of Intergenerational Coresidence in the United States, 1850 to 2000
In the mid-nineteenth century, almost 70 percent of persons age 65 or older resided with their adult children; by the end of the twentieth century, fewer than 15 percent did so. Many scholars have argued that the simplification of the living arrangements of the aged resulted primarily from an increase in their resources, which enabled increasing numbers of elders to afford independent living. This article supports a different interpretation: the …
The Origins of African-American Family Structure
I use a new data source, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, to trace race differences in family structure between 1880 and 1980.Analysis confirms recent findings that the high incidence among African-Americans of single parenthood and children residing without their parents is not a recent phenomenon.From 1880 through 1960, black children were two to three times more likely to reside without one or both parents than were white children.I…
Breaking Up Is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce in the United States, 1980–2010
This article critically evaluates the available data on trends in divorce in the United States. We find that both vital statistics and retrospective survey data on divorce after 1990 underestimate recent marital instability. These flawed data have led some analysts to conclude that divorce has been stable or declining for the past three decades. Using new data from the American Community Survey and controlling for changes in the age composition o…
Intergenerational Coresidence in Developing Countries
Newly available census microdata from IPUMS-International are used to assess trends in intergenerational coresidence in 15 developing countries. Contrary to expectations, we find no general decline in intergenerational coresidence over the past several decades. There have been, however, significant changes in the configuration of intergenerational coresidence. Families in which a member of the older generation is household head-a configuration co…
The Rise of Divorce and Separation in the Unitd States, 1880-1990
I use the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series to assess the potential effects of local labor-market conditions on long-term trends and race differences in marital instability. The rise of female labor-force participation and the increase in nonfarm employment are closely associated with the growth of divorce and separation. Moreover, higher female labor-force participation among black women and lower economic opportunities for black men may ac…
Patriarchy, Power, and Pay: The Transformation of American Families, 1800–2015
This article proposes explanations for the transformation of American families over the past two centuries. I describe the impact on families of the rise of male wage labor beginning in the nineteenth century and the rise of female wage labor in the twentieth century. I then examine the effects of decline in wage labor opportunities for young men and women during the past four decades. I present new estimates of a precipitous decline in the relat…
Reconsidering the Northwest European Family System: Living Arrangements of the Aged in Comparative Historical Perspective
During the past four decades, historians and demographers have argued that historical Northwest Europe and North America had a unique weak‐family system characterized by neolocal marriage and nuclear family structure. This analysis uses newly available micro‐data from 84 historical and contemporary censuses of 34 countries to evaluate whether the residential behavior of the aged in historical Northwest Europe and North America was truly distincti…
The Future of Historical Family Demography
An explosion of new data sources describing historical family composition is opening unprecedented opportunities for discovery and analysis. The new data will allow comparative multilevel analysis of spatial patterns and will support studies of the transformation of living arrangements over the past 200 years. Using measurement methods that assess family choices at the individual level and analytic strategies that assess variations across space a…
Big Microdata for Population Research
This article describes an explosion in the availability of individual-level population data. By 2018, demographic researchers will have access to over 2 billion records of accessible microdata from over 100 countries, dating from 1703 to the present. Another 2 to 4 billion records will be available through restricted-access data enclaves. These new resources represent a new kind of data that will enable transformative research on demographic and …
The North Atlantic Population Project: Progress and Prospects
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) is a massive database of historical census microdata from European and North American countries. The backbone of the project is the unique collection of completely digitized censuses providing information on the entire enumerated populations of each country. In addition, for some countries, the NAPP includes sample data from surrounding census years. In this article, the authors provide a brief history…
Historical Census Record Linkage
For the past 80 years, social scientists have been linking historical censuses across time to study economic and geographic mobility. In recent decades, the quantity of historical census record linkage has exploded, owing largely to the advent of new machine-readable data created by genealogical organizations. Investigators are examining economic and geographic mobility across multiple generations and also engaging many new topics. Several analys…
Measurement of Household and Family Composition in the United States, 1850-2000
This article has three goals. First, it explores the effects of changes in census definitions and concepts on the measurement of living arrangements. As part of this analysis, the authors develop new estimates of the number of households and group quarters in each census year since 1850. Second, they evaluate the existing aggregate statistical series on family and household composition, with particular attention to problems in the measurement of …
Multigenerational families in nineteenth-century America
Revisionist historians maintain that the aged in nineteenth-century America and north-western Europe usually preferred to reside alone or with only their spouse. According to this interpretation, the aged ordinarily resided with their adult children only out of necessity, especially in cases of poverty or infirmity. This article challenges that position, arguing that in mid-nineteenth-century America coresidence of the aged with their children wa…
American Immigration, Fertility, and Race Suicide at the Turn of the Century
The basis for nineteenth-century fears of race suicide in United States is examined namely the differential fertility of immigrant women native-born women of foreign parentage and native-born women of native parentage. The analysis is based on 1900 Public Use Sample a national random sample of households drawn from federal census which includes information on fertility of over 22000 women between ages of 15 and 44. Our study reports fertility dif…
A new strategy for linking U.S. historical censuses: A case study for the Ipums multigenerational longitudinal panel
This paper presents a probabilistic method of record linkage, developed using the U.S. full count censuses of 1900 and 1910 but applicable to many sources of digitized historical records. The method links records using a two-step approach, first establishing high confidence matches among men by exploiting a comprehensive set of individual and contextual characteristics. The method then proceeds to link both men and women by leveraging links betwe…
Stem Families and Joint Families in Comparative Historical Perspective
This note revisits the author's June 2009 PDR article, "Reconsidering the Northwest European family system." Using an array of contemporary and historical census microdata from around the world with simple controls for agricultural employment and demographic structure, I detected no significant differences in complex family structure between nineteenth-century Western Europe and North America and twentieth-century developing countries. This artic…
Migration, Marriage, and Mortality: Correcting Sources of Bias in English Family Reconstitutions
Family reconstitution studies assess demographic behaviour for that section of the population that remains in the parish of their birth. Although there has been considerable discussion of whether or not these non-migrants are representative of the population as a whole, the distorting effects of migration censoring have not been adequately considered. This paper shows that even when the demographic behaviour of non-migrants is identical to that o…
Confessions of a Microsimulator: Problems in Modeling the Demography of Kinship
The author discusses problems involved in modeling the effects of demographic factors on historical kinship patterns with a focus on microsimulation models. Since microsimulations of kinship ignore the correlations in demographic behavior within kin groups they ordinarily understate the variance of kinship distributions; for many kin types they also underestimate the expected number of kin. The author concludes that those who design demographic m…
Intergenerational Coresidence and Family Transitions in the United States, 1850-1880
This study uses a new source of linked census data (N = 6,734) to test theories proposed to explain the high intergenerational coresidence in 19th-century America. Was it a system of support for dependent elderly, or did it reflect intergenerational interdependence? I focus on transitions from middle age to old age, and I assess key predictors of family transitions, including widowhood, retirement, disability, migration, and wealth. The results s…
Restless in the Midst of Their Prosperity: New Evidence on the Internal Migration of Americans, 1850-2000
The quantity and character of internal migration in the American past is a contentious historiographical issue. Over a century ago, Frederick Jackson Turner pointed to westward migration as a safety valve that profoundly affected the nature of the Republic. With the closing of the frontier, Turner predicted, the population flow to the West would decline.1 Turner's twentieth-century critics argued that the greatest American population movement was…
Building the National Historical Geographic Information System
The National Historical Geographic Information System (NHGIS) is a new project to make a rich body of aggregate census data accessible within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework for historical population research. The authors are developing a database incorporating all available aggregate census information for the United States between 1790 and 2000, including all surviving machine-readable aggregate data and new data transcribed fr…
The demography of the unrelated individual: 1900–1950
This article is an analysis of the frequency and characteristics of unrelated individuals between 1900 and 1950. The much-heralded rise of the primary individual during the 20th century has been offset by a decline in the frequency of secondary individuals. The overall percentage of persons residing without family did not exceed turn-of-the-century levels until the 1970s. Using data from national micro data samples of the census for 1900, 1940, a…
The North Atlantic Population Project An Overview
The North Atlantic Population Project (NAPP) brings together complete-count census data from late-nineteenth-century Canada, Great Britain, Iceland, Norway, and the United States into a single harmonized database. When released in 2005, the final version of the database will include the records of nearly 90 million people. The project will consistently code all variables across the different countries, while still retaining important national var…
The Minnesota Historical Census Projects
This special issue describes the historical census projects at the University of Minnesota. These projects involve the development of historical public use samples of nineteenth-century U.S. censuses including the development of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. This database will include information on over 50 million individuals spread over 140 years of extraordinary social and economic change. We expect that the unprecedented potenti…
The limitations of English family reconstitution: English population history from family reconstitution 1580–1837
English population history from family reconstitution 1580–1837 (Cambridge, 1997) is an impressive volume. This ambitious study represents the culmination of a quarter-century of laborious research by four of the most accomplished practitioners of English historical demography, E. A. Wrigley, R. S. Davies, J. E. Oeppen, and R. S. Schofield. The sheer volume of information is overwhelming; the book contains 121 tables and 73 graphs, and it weighs …
Fallen Women: The Inmates of the Magdalen Society Asylum of Philadelphia, 1836-1908
Journal Article Fallen Women: The Inmates of the Magdalen Society Asylum of Philadelphia, 1836–1908 Get access Steven Ruggles Steven Ruggles University of Pennsylvania, Department of History, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Social History, Volume 16, Issue 4, Summer 1983, Pages 65–82, https://doi.org/10.1353/jsh/16.4.65 Published: 01 July 1983
Availability of Kin and the Demography of Historical Family Structure
The author proposes a strategy for estimating influence of demographic factors on frequency of extended families and applies this strategy to demographic experience of West during past two centuries. A simulation model previously developed by author is used to estimate availability of kin under certain demographic conditions and to calculate residential propensities. A standard propensities approach to analyzing interaction of demography and fami…
The demography of the unrelated individual: 1900–1950
This article is an analysis of the frequency and characteristics of unrelated individuals between 1900 and 1950. The much-heralded rise of the primary individual during the 20th century has been offset by a decline in the frequency of secondary individuals. The overall percentage of persons residing without family did not exceed turn-of-the-century levels until the 1970s. Using data from national micro data samples of the census for 1900, 1940, a…
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America
Domestic Tyranny: The Making of American Social Policy against Family Violence from Colonial Times to the Present
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America
Family Demography and Family History: Problems and Prospects
The author examines the concept of family demography with particular reference to the recent publication of the proceedings of a conference on that topic entitled Family Demography: Methods and Their Application. The focus is on problems and prospects of family demography and its relevance to historical research. (ANNOTATION)
A Public Use Sample of the 1880 U.S. Census of Population
The Social History Research Laboratory at the University of Minnesota...is now creating a Public Use Sample of the 1880 U.S. Census of Population. With a sampling density of 1 in 100 cases the project will yield information on just over 500000 individuals living in just under 100000 families. This note provides a brief overview of other public use samples a description of the 1880 census and its value for historical analysis and a summary of our …
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth- Century England and America
Journal Article Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America. By Steven Ruggles. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987. xx + 282 pp. Cloth, $37.50; paper $15.75.) Get access J. William Leasure J. William Leasure San Diego State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 2, September 1990, Pages 634–635…
American Immigration, Fertility, and Race Suicide at the Turn of the Century
The basis for nineteenth-century fears of race suicide in United States is examined namely the differential fertility of immigrant women native-born women of foreign parentage and native-born women of native parentage. The analysis is based on 1900 Public Use Sample a national random sample of households drawn from federal census which includes information on fertility of over 22000 women between ages of 15 and 44. Our study reports fertility dif…
Comparability of the Public Use Files of the U.S. Census of Population, 1880–1980
Most of the information released by the Census Bureau has always consisted of summary population counts cross-tabulated by individual or family characteristics. Although these data form the basic description of the American population, they are not ideal for analytical research. The Census Bureau cannot anticipate all the needs of social scientists, so many topics are inadequately covered in the published census volumes. For historical research, …
Comparability of the Public Use Files of the U.S. Census of Population, 1880-1980
Migration, Marriage, and Mortality: Correcting Sources of Bias in English Family Reconstitutions
Family reconstitution studies assess demographic behaviour for that section of the population that remains in the parish of their birth. Although there has been considerable discussion of whether or not these non-migrants are representative of the population as a whole, the distorting effects of migration censoring have not been adequately considered. This paper shows that even when the demographic behaviour of non-migrants is identical to that o…
Confessions of a Microsimulator: Problems in Modeling the Demography of Kinship
The author discusses problems involved in modeling the effects of demographic factors on historical kinship patterns with a focus on microsimulation models. Since microsimulations of kinship ignore the correlations in demographic behavior within kin groups they ordinarily understate the variance of kinship distributions; for many kin types they also underestimate the expected number of kin. The author concludes that those who design demographic m…
The Transformation of American Family Structure
This essay reexamines the revisionist argument about the history of the family in light of new evidence about long-run changes in American family structure. In particular I use the new Integrated Public Use Microdata Series a national database incorporating consistent individual-level data from the U.S. Census over the period 1850 to 1990. I also report findings from the only eighteenth-century American census of sufficient size and quality to pe…
The Origins of African-American Family Structure
I use a new data source, the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, to trace race differences in family structure between 1880 and 1980.Analysis confirms recent findings that the high incidence among African-Americans of single parenthood and children residing without their parents is not a recent phenomenon.From 1880 through 1960, black children were two to three times more likely to reside without one or both parents than were white children.I…
Family and Social Change: The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community.Angelique Janssens
Family Interrelationships
General Design of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series
(1995). General Design of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 28, The Minnesota Historical Census Project, pp. 33-39
The Minnesota Historical Census Projects
This special issue describes the historical census projects at the University of Minnesota. These projects involve the development of historical public use samples of nineteenth-century U.S. censuses including the development of the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. This database will include information on over 50 million individuals spread over 140 years of extraordinary social and economic change. We expect that the unprecedented potenti…
Sample Designs and Sampling Errors
(1995). Sample Designs and Sampling Errors. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History: Vol. 28, The Minnesota Historical Census Project, pp. 40-46
Family Structure in the Staffordshire Potteries: 1840-1880. Marguerite W. Dupree
The Rise of Divorce and Separation in the Unitd States, 1880-1990
I use the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series to assess the potential effects of local labor-market conditions on long-term trends and race differences in marital instability. The rise of female labor-force participation and the increase in nonfarm employment are closely associated with the growth of divorce and separation. Moreover, higher female labor-force participation among black women and lower economic opportunities for black men may ac…
Reply to oppenheimer and preston
I am honored to have my essay discussed at such length by two of the most eminent scholars in the field. Because of space constraints, I will not attempt to respond to all of their points, but instead will focus on the most serious criticisms. Many of the issues raised by Preston and Oppenheimer are quite tech-nical, and I will address them in due course. Let me begin, though, by addressing a more fundamental issue: my theoreti-cal perspective on…
Sociology (59 works) · Demography (49 works) · Population (46 works) · Census (39 works) · Demography (39 works) · Geography (37 works) · Computer Science (30 works) · History (28 works) · Political science (26 works) · Economics (24 works)