Simone Sulpizio
Biographic Data
| ID | 230981 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Simone Sulpizio |
| GIVEN NAMES | Simone |
| FAMILY NAME | Sulpizio |
| SIGNATURE | SULPIZIO S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Milano-Bicocca |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4051-9494 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 38 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Boundaries of the foreign language effect under conditions of uncertainty
People’s decisions may change when made in a foreign language (FL). Research testing this foreign language effect (FLE) has mostly used scenarios where uncertainty is expunged or reduced to a form of risk, whereas real-life decisions are usually characterized by uncertainty around outcome likelihood. In the current work, we aimed to investigate whether the FLE on decision-making extends to uncertain scenarios. Moreover, as it is still unclear wha…
Reverse cueing effects in L2 production: Another dissociation from conflict tasks
Does L2 production involve adaptive control? Previous research drawing on a parallel between Stroop effects in L1 and cognate effects in L2 produced no support for this idea when inducing adaptive control implicitly (i.e., involuntarily). Reasoning that adaptive control might be hard to implement implicitly in L2 production, here, we induced adaptive control explicitly by presenting informative cues revealing whether the upcoming stimulus would b…
Intermediate decisional and response states in lexical decision: Evidence from electromyography and metacognitive confidence ratings
Confidence ratings and EMG reveal intermediate decision and response states in LDT. • Correct responses often reflect clear decisional states. • Motor fluency influences confidence in difficult lexical decisions. • Errors for words vs nonwords seemingly originates from different processes. • Error awareness and correction display only a partial overlap. The lexical decision paradigm relies on a binary response configuration (word vs. nonword) and…
Early identification of taboo words reveals a prominent role of semantic information in visual word recognition
This research used the progressive demasking paradigm to investigate whether perceptual word identification is facilitated by semantic information. Experiment 1 revealed faster identification for taboo than neutral words. Experiment 2 revealed faster identification for taboo than emotionally-comparable non-taboo words, whereas the difference with respect to neutral words was possibly mitigated by list-wise factors related to list composition. Mor…
No evidence that selection is resource-demanding in conflict and bilingual language production tasks: Implications for theories of adaptive control and language-control associations
Theories of adaptive (and cognitive) control assume that selecting target information in the context of highly salient distractors depends on limited-capacity resources. Building on this assumption, theories of language-control associations propose that the opportunities afforded by bilingualism to engage such effortful selection, such as when speaking in a nondominant language, might improve domain-general adaptive control. The assumption that d…
Dissociating premotor and motor components of response times: Evidence of independent decisional effects during motor-response execution
Traditional measures of response times (RTs) capture the summed duration of multiple latent and overt processes, including motor-response execution. The present research assessed the functional independence of the decisional components unfolding before vs after the onset of the muscular activation in the context of a lexical decision task requiring manual button-press responses. Specifically, the lexicality effect (slower latencies for nonwords c…
Fast habituation to semantic interference generated by taboo connotation in reading aloud
The recognition of taboo words - i.e. socially inappropriate words - has been repeatedly associated to semantic interference phenomena, with detrimental effects on the performance in the ongoing task. In the present study, we investigated taboo interference in the context of reading aloud, a task configuration which prompts the overt violation of conventional sociolinguistic norms by requiring the explicit utterance of taboo items. We assessed wh…
Recognizing the unknown: Motor-response execution reflects the availability of positive evidence during recognition
Is adaptation involved in bilingual language production? A fresh look at the assumptions motivating potential bilingual-monolingual differences in adaptive control
One of the hottest debates in psychology—whether bilingual-monolingual differences exist in cognitive control—is at a stalemate. Here we propose that the stalemate could be broken by shifting the research focus from whether those differences emerge to why they should. We offer an example of this approach by testing the assumption of current theories of language-control associations that adaptive control is involved in bilingualism, specifically l…
Slurs in quarantine
We investigate experimentally whether the perceived offensiveness of slurs survives when they are reported, by comparing Italian slurs and insults in base utterances (Y is an S), direct speech (X said: “Y is an S”), mixed quotation (X said that Y is “an S”), and indirect speech (X said that Y is an S). For all strategies, reporting decreases the perceived offensiveness without removing it. For slurs, but not insults, indirect speech is perceived …
Form to meaning mapping and the impact of explicit morpheme combination in novel word processing
In the present study, we leveraged computational methods to explore the extent to which, relative to direct access to semantics from orthographic cues, the additional appreciation of morphological cues is advantageous while inducing the meaning of affixed pseudo-words. We re-analyzed data from a study on a lexical decision task for affixed pseudo-words. We considered a parsimonious model only including semantic variables (namely, semantic neighbo…
Foreign to whom? Constraining the moral foreign language effect on bilinguals’ language experience
The moral foreign language effect (MFLE) describes how people’s decisions may change when a moral dilemma is presented in either their native (NL) or foreign language (FL). Growing attention is being directed to unpacking what aspects of bilingualism may influence the MFLE, though with mixed or inconclusive results. The current study aims to bridge this gap by adopting a conceptualization of bilingualism that frames this construct as a composite …
Decision-making depends on language: A meta-analysis of the Foreign Language Effect
In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the robustness and the magnitude of the Foreign Language Effect (FLE) – that is, the putative effect of language context (native versus foreign language) on decision-making. We also investigated whether the FLE is moderated by language experience – measured by second language age of acquisition and proficiency – or by methodological choices – the types of decision problems adopted, the presentation mo…
Allophonic familiarity differentiates word representations in the brain of native speakers of regional linguistic varieties
The impact of emotional content on pseudoword recognition
The present study investigates the influence of emotional information on language processing. To this aim, we measured behavioral responses and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during four Italian lexical decision experiments in which we used emotionally intense and neutral pseudowords—i.e., pseudowords derived from changing one letter in a word (e.g., cammelto , derived from cammello ‘camel’ vs. copezzolo , from capezzolo ‘nipple’)—as stimu…
Early differentiation of memory retrieval processes for newly learned voices and phonemes as indexed by the MMN
The bilingual structural connectome: Dual-language experiential factors modulate distinct cerebral networks
Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks
There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition (bilingualism versus monolingualism) may obscure critical aspects of language experience underlying neural changes, thus leading to variable and often conflicting findings. In the present study, we overcome these limitations by analyzing the in…
Thinking outside the box: The brain-bilingualism relationship in the light of early neurobiological variability
Auditory Gaydar: Perception of Sexual Orientation Based on Female Voice
We investigated auditory gaydar (i.e., the ability to recognize sexual orientation) in female speakers, addressing three related issues: whether auditory gaydar is (1) accurate, (2) language-dependent (i.e., occurs only in some languages, but not in others), and (3) ingroup-specific (i.e., occurs only when listeners judge speakers of their own language, but not when they judge foreign language speakers). In three experiments, we asked Italian, Po…
Gay Voice: Stable Marker of Sexual Orientation or Flexible Communication Device
Second language use rather than second language knowledge relates to changes in white matter microstructure
Voice Changes Meaning: The Role of Gay- Versus Straight-Sounding Voices in Sentence Interpretation
Utterances reveal not only semantic information but also information about the speaker's social category membership, including sexual orientation. In four studies ( N = 345), we investigated how the meaning of what is being said changes as a function of the speaker's voice. In Studies 1a/1b, gay- and straight-sounding voices uttered the same sentences. Listeners indicated the likelihood that the speaker was referring to one among two target objec…
How bad is it to report a slur? An empirical investigation
Stereotypical Disease Inferences From Gay/Lesbian Versus Heterosexual Voices
Voice is a cue used to categorize speakers as members of social groups, including sexual orientation. We investigate the consequences of such voice-based categorization, showing that people infer stereotype-congruent disease likelihood on the basis of vocal information and without explicit information about the speaker's sexual orientation. Study 1 and Study 2 reveal that participants attribute diseases to gay/lesbian and heterosexual men and wom…
Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination
The growing body of literature on the recognition of sexual orientation from voice ("auditory gaydar") is silent on the cognitive and social consequences of having a gay-/lesbian- versus heterosexual-sounding voice. We investigated this issue in four studies (overall N = 276), conducted in Italian language, in which heterosexual listeners were exposed to single-sentence voice samples of gay/lesbian and heterosexual speakers. In all four studies, …
Auditory Gaydar: Perception of Sexual Orientation Based on Female Voice
We investigated auditory gaydar (i.e., the ability to recognize sexual orientation) in female speakers, addressing three related issues: whether auditory gaydar is (1) accurate, (2) language-dependent (i.e., occurs only in some languages, but not in others), and (3) ingroup-specific (i.e., occurs only when listeners judge speakers of their own language, but not when they judge foreign language speakers). In three experiments, we asked Italian, Po…
Stereotypical Disease Inferences From Gay/Lesbian Versus Heterosexual Voices
Voice is a cue used to categorize speakers as members of social groups, including sexual orientation. We investigate the consequences of such voice-based categorization, showing that people infer stereotype-congruent disease likelihood on the basis of vocal information and without explicit information about the speaker's sexual orientation. Study 1 and Study 2 reveal that participants attribute diseases to gay/lesbian and heterosexual men and wom…
Gay Voice: Stable Marker of Sexual Orientation or Flexible Communication Device
Fast habituation to semantic interference generated by taboo connotation in reading aloud
The recognition of taboo words - i.e. socially inappropriate words - has been repeatedly associated to semantic interference phenomena, with detrimental effects on the performance in the ongoing task. In the present study, we investigated taboo interference in the context of reading aloud, a task configuration which prompts the overt violation of conventional sociolinguistic norms by requiring the explicit utterance of taboo items. We assessed wh…
Second language use rather than second language knowledge relates to changes in white matter microstructure
Voice Changes Meaning: The Role of Gay- Versus Straight-Sounding Voices in Sentence Interpretation
Utterances reveal not only semantic information but also information about the speaker's social category membership, including sexual orientation. In four studies ( N = 345), we investigated how the meaning of what is being said changes as a function of the speaker's voice. In Studies 1a/1b, gay- and straight-sounding voices uttered the same sentences. Listeners indicated the likelihood that the speaker was referring to one among two target objec…
How bad is it to report a slur? An empirical investigation
Stresyl: An Italian Stress-in-Syllables database for reading research
During the last few decades, empirical research on reading has shown increasing interest in syllable units. More recently, stress assignment has become a particular focus of interest. The relation between syllables and stress, however, has yet to be investigated for Italian. In this paper, we describe a new database, STRESYL, that can help researchers to investigate the relation between syllables and stress in Italian. STRESYL offers type and tok…
Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination
The growing body of literature on the recognition of sexual orientation from voice ("auditory gaydar") is silent on the cognitive and social consequences of having a gay-/lesbian- versus heterosexual-sounding voice. We investigated this issue in four studies (overall N = 276), conducted in Italian language, in which heterosexual listeners were exposed to single-sentence voice samples of gay/lesbian and heterosexual speakers. In all four studies, …
Stereotypical Disease Inferences From Gay/Lesbian Versus Heterosexual Voices
Voice is a cue used to categorize speakers as members of social groups, including sexual orientation. We investigate the consequences of such voice-based categorization, showing that people infer stereotype-congruent disease likelihood on the basis of vocal information and without explicit information about the speaker's sexual orientation. Study 1 and Study 2 reveal that participants attribute diseases to gay/lesbian and heterosexual men and wom…
How bad is it to report a slur? An empirical investigation
Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks
There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition (bilingualism versus monolingualism) may obscure critical aspects of language experience underlying neural changes, thus leading to variable and often conflicting findings. In the present study, we overcome these limitations by analyzing the in…
Thinking outside the box: The brain-bilingualism relationship in the light of early neurobiological variability
Auditory Gaydar: Perception of Sexual Orientation Based on Female Voice
We investigated auditory gaydar (i.e., the ability to recognize sexual orientation) in female speakers, addressing three related issues: whether auditory gaydar is (1) accurate, (2) language-dependent (i.e., occurs only in some languages, but not in others), and (3) ingroup-specific (i.e., occurs only when listeners judge speakers of their own language, but not when they judge foreign language speakers). In three experiments, we asked Italian, Po…
Gay Voice: Stable Marker of Sexual Orientation or Flexible Communication Device
Second language use rather than second language knowledge relates to changes in white matter microstructure
Voice Changes Meaning: The Role of Gay- Versus Straight-Sounding Voices in Sentence Interpretation
Utterances reveal not only semantic information but also information about the speaker's social category membership, including sexual orientation. In four studies ( N = 345), we investigated how the meaning of what is being said changes as a function of the speaker's voice. In Studies 1a/1b, gay- and straight-sounding voices uttered the same sentences. Listeners indicated the likelihood that the speaker was referring to one among two target objec…
The impact of emotional content on pseudoword recognition
The present study investigates the influence of emotional information on language processing. To this aim, we measured behavioral responses and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) during four Italian lexical decision experiments in which we used emotionally intense and neutral pseudowords—i.e., pseudowords derived from changing one letter in a word (e.g., cammelto , derived from cammello ‘camel’ vs. copezzolo , from capezzolo ‘nipple’)—as stimu…
Early differentiation of memory retrieval processes for newly learned voices and phonemes as indexed by the MMN
The bilingual structural connectome: Dual-language experiential factors modulate distinct cerebral networks
Foreign to whom? Constraining the moral foreign language effect on bilinguals’ language experience
The moral foreign language effect (MFLE) describes how people’s decisions may change when a moral dilemma is presented in either their native (NL) or foreign language (FL). Growing attention is being directed to unpacking what aspects of bilingualism may influence the MFLE, though with mixed or inconclusive results. The current study aims to bridge this gap by adopting a conceptualization of bilingualism that frames this construct as a composite …
Decision-making depends on language: A meta-analysis of the Foreign Language Effect
In the present meta-analysis, we investigated the robustness and the magnitude of the Foreign Language Effect (FLE) – that is, the putative effect of language context (native versus foreign language) on decision-making. We also investigated whether the FLE is moderated by language experience – measured by second language age of acquisition and proficiency – or by methodological choices – the types of decision problems adopted, the presentation mo…
Allophonic familiarity differentiates word representations in the brain of native speakers of regional linguistic varieties
Form to meaning mapping and the impact of explicit morpheme combination in novel word processing
In the present study, we leveraged computational methods to explore the extent to which, relative to direct access to semantics from orthographic cues, the additional appreciation of morphological cues is advantageous while inducing the meaning of affixed pseudo-words. We re-analyzed data from a study on a lexical decision task for affixed pseudo-words. We considered a parsimonious model only including semantic variables (namely, semantic neighbo…
Is adaptation involved in bilingual language production? A fresh look at the assumptions motivating potential bilingual-monolingual differences in adaptive control
One of the hottest debates in psychology—whether bilingual-monolingual differences exist in cognitive control—is at a stalemate. Here we propose that the stalemate could be broken by shifting the research focus from whether those differences emerge to why they should. We offer an example of this approach by testing the assumption of current theories of language-control associations that adaptive control is involved in bilingualism, specifically l…
Slurs in quarantine
We investigate experimentally whether the perceived offensiveness of slurs survives when they are reported, by comparing Italian slurs and insults in base utterances (Y is an S), direct speech (X said: “Y is an S”), mixed quotation (X said that Y is “an S”), and indirect speech (X said that Y is an S). For all strategies, reporting decreases the perceived offensiveness without removing it. For slurs, but not insults, indirect speech is perceived …
No evidence that selection is resource-demanding in conflict and bilingual language production tasks: Implications for theories of adaptive control and language-control associations
Theories of adaptive (and cognitive) control assume that selecting target information in the context of highly salient distractors depends on limited-capacity resources. Building on this assumption, theories of language-control associations propose that the opportunities afforded by bilingualism to engage such effortful selection, such as when speaking in a nondominant language, might improve domain-general adaptive control. The assumption that d…
Dissociating premotor and motor components of response times: Evidence of independent decisional effects during motor-response execution
Traditional measures of response times (RTs) capture the summed duration of multiple latent and overt processes, including motor-response execution. The present research assessed the functional independence of the decisional components unfolding before vs after the onset of the muscular activation in the context of a lexical decision task requiring manual button-press responses. Specifically, the lexicality effect (slower latencies for nonwords c…
Fast habituation to semantic interference generated by taboo connotation in reading aloud
The recognition of taboo words - i.e. socially inappropriate words - has been repeatedly associated to semantic interference phenomena, with detrimental effects on the performance in the ongoing task. In the present study, we investigated taboo interference in the context of reading aloud, a task configuration which prompts the overt violation of conventional sociolinguistic norms by requiring the explicit utterance of taboo items. We assessed wh…
Recognizing the unknown: Motor-response execution reflects the availability of positive evidence during recognition
Boundaries of the foreign language effect under conditions of uncertainty
People’s decisions may change when made in a foreign language (FL). Research testing this foreign language effect (FLE) has mostly used scenarios where uncertainty is expunged or reduced to a form of risk, whereas real-life decisions are usually characterized by uncertainty around outcome likelihood. In the current work, we aimed to investigate whether the FLE on decision-making extends to uncertain scenarios. Moreover, as it is still unclear wha…
Reverse cueing effects in L2 production: Another dissociation from conflict tasks
Does L2 production involve adaptive control? Previous research drawing on a parallel between Stroop effects in L1 and cognate effects in L2 produced no support for this idea when inducing adaptive control implicitly (i.e., involuntarily). Reasoning that adaptive control might be hard to implement implicitly in L2 production, here, we induced adaptive control explicitly by presenting informative cues revealing whether the upcoming stimulus would b…
Psychology (24 works) · Linguistics (18 works) · Cognitive psychology (14 works) · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism (11 works) · Cognition (9 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Neuroscience (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Reading and Literacy Development (7 works) · Neuroscience of multilingualism (6 works)