A Lind
Biographic Data
| ID | 23227 |
|---|---|
| NAME | A Lind |
| GIVEN NAMES | A |
| FAMILY NAME | Lind |
| SIGNATURE | LIND A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Duke University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8625-8886 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 41 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 783 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
An Eco-linguistic Study on Linguistic Realizations and Metaphors of Marbija Ceremony in the Simalungun Ethnic Community in Indonesia
Marbija is a ceremony performed by the Simalungun ethnic community since the ancient times to ascertain if someone is telling the truth or not. In it, linguistic realizations and metaphor describe the relationship between people and their environment. This has made the people in Indonesia become aware that this phenomenon is inseparable from the culture that exists within the community itself. This study investigates linguistic realizations and m…
Focusing on the “Social” in Social Justice Research
Perceived Organizational Justice in Care Services: Creation and multi-sample validation of a measure
On the benign qualities of behavioral disinhibition: Because of the prosocial nature of people, behavioral disinhibition can weaken pleasure with getting more than you deserve
This article focuses on social situations in which people are surprised about what is happening and inhibited about how to respond to the situation at hand. We study these situations by examining a classic topic in social psychology: how people respond to receiving better outcomes than are deserved. In these situations, the actions of an authority or a coworker push in the direction of accepting and enjoying the unfair outcome, whereas personal v…
Justice and the human alarm system: The impact of exclamation points and flashing lights on the justice judgment process
Extending theory within the justice domain and work on the human alarm system, the current paper argues that the process by which justice judgments are formed may be influenced reliably by the activation of psychological systems that people use to detect and handle alarming situations. Building on this analysis, it is further proposed that if this line of reasoning is true then presenting alarm-related stimuli, such as exclamation points and flas…
Realpolitik versus fair process: Moderating effects of group identification on acceptance of political decisions
Three studies examined the effects of perceived procedural justice and the favorability of a group-level outcome on the endorsement of a group-level decision and the evaluation of the authority responsible for the decision. Results showed that, contrary to findings usually seen with individual-level decisions, collective outcome favorability was more important than procedural justice in influencing the endorsement of the decision. Furthermore, in…
How do people react to negative procedures? On the moderating role of authority’s biased attitudes
Fairness heuristic theory is an empirical framework: A reply to Árnadóttir
In this article on fairness heuristic theory, we point out some important flaws in Árnadóttir's (2002) claim that fairness heuristic theory is “not empirical,” by which Árnadóttir meant that theory's predictions are knowable a priori , and are not contingent upon circumstances. To this end, we demonstrate that empirically testing effects predicted by fairness heuristic theory was and is important because this showed that the theory's propositions…
When fairness works: Toward a general theory of uncertainty management
Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments
Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures
Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures
The findings of 4 studies suggest that cultural values about power distance influence the way that people react to third-party authorities in a manner predicted by the relational model of authority (T. R. Tyler & E. A. Lind, 1992). Power-distance values reflect beliefs about the appropriate power relationship between authorities and their subordinates. As predicted, when making evaluations of authorities, those lower in their power-distance value…
The Two Psychologies of Conflict Resolution: Differing Antecedents of Pre-Experience Choices and Post-Experience Evaluations
The literature on the `myth of self-interest' model of perceived human motivation suggests that people believe that both they and others are more motivated by self-interest than is actually the case. Four studies are reported which test one implication of the myth of self-interest: the psychology of pre-experience preferences and post-experience evaluations will differ. We hypothesize that people arrive at pre-experience preferences for decision-…
Cohesion and Respect: An Examination of Group Decision Making in Social and Escalation Dilemmas
The Self-Relevant Implications of the Group-Value Model: Group Membership, Self-Worth, and Treatment Quality
When do we need procedural fairness? The role of trust in authority
On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that when information about whether an authority can be trusted is not available, people will resolve the question of how they should interpret the decisions of the authority by relying on perceived procedural fairness. As a consequence, people who do not have information about authority's trustworthiness react more positively toward the outcomes of authority's decisions if the authorit…
Evaluating outcomes by means of the fair process effect: Evidence for different processes in fairness and satisfaction judgments
The authors refine and extend their explanation of the psychology of the fair process effect (the positive influence of procedural fairness on outcome evaluations). On the basis of fairness heuristic theory's substitutability proposition, the authors predicted and found that outcome evaluations show strong effects of procedural fairness when outcomes are better or worse than expected, whereas less strong fair process effects appear when outcomes …
Procedural context and culture: Variation in the antecedents of procedural justice judgments
Twenty-five years ago the social psychological study of procedural justice judgments began with the discovery that different dispute resolution procedures engender quite different fairness judgments, regardless of the outcome of the dispute. John Thibaut, Laurens Walker, and their students found that disputing procedures that grant disputants the opportunity to express their views and argue their case are seen as fairer than procedures that deny …
How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect
Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice
The meaning of procedural fairness: A comparison of taxpayers' and representatives' views of their tax audits
Superordinate Identification, Subgroup Identification, and Justice Concerns: Is Separatism the Problem; Is Assimilation the Answer
The diversity of American society raises concerns about whether authorities can maintain social cohesion amid competing interests and values The group-value model of justice suggests that authorities function more effectively when they are perceived as fair (e g, benevolent, neutral, and respectful) However, such relational evaluations may be effective only if authorities represent a group with which people identify In a diverse society, subgroup…
The effects of unfair procedure on negative affect and protest
Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice
A Relational Model of Authority in Groups
Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental concerns in fairness judgments
The Self-Relevant Implications of the Group-Value Model: Group Membership, Self-Worth, and Treatment Quality
How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect
Speech style and impression formation in a court setting: The effects of “powerful” and “powerless” speech
When do we need procedural fairness? The role of trust in authority
On the basis of fairness heuristic theory, the authors argue that when information about whether an authority can be trusted is not available, people will resolve the question of how they should interpret the decisions of the authority by relying on perceived procedural fairness. As a consequence, people who do not have information about authority's trustworthiness react more positively toward the outcomes of authority's decisions if the authorit…
Evaluating outcomes by means of the fair process effect: Evidence for different processes in fairness and satisfaction judgments
The authors refine and extend their explanation of the psychology of the fair process effect (the positive influence of procedural fairness on outcome evaluations). On the basis of fairness heuristic theory's substitutability proposition, the authors predicted and found that outcome evaluations show strong effects of procedural fairness when outcomes are better or worse than expected, whereas less strong fair process effects appear when outcomes …
Apparent impropriety and procedural fairness judgments
In the Eye of the Beholder: Tort Litigants' Evaluations of their Experiences in the Civil Justice System
Little is known about the reactions of tort litigants to traditional and alternative litigation procedures. To explore this issue, we interviewed litigants in personal injury cases in three state courts whose cases had been resolved by trial, court-annexed arbitration, judicial settlement conferences, or bilateral settlement. The litigants viewed the trial and arbitration procedures as fairer than bilateral settlement, apparently because they bel…
Procedural context and culture: Variation in the antecedents of procedural justice judgments
Twenty-five years ago the social psychological study of procedural justice judgments began with the discovery that different dispute resolution procedures engender quite different fairness judgments, regardless of the outcome of the dispute. John Thibaut, Laurens Walker, and their students found that disputing procedures that grant disputants the opportunity to express their views and argue their case are seen as fairer than procedures that deny …
Procedure and outcome effects on reactions to adjudicated resolution of conflicts of interest
School of Law University of North CarolinaUniversity of VirginiaThe relationship between perceptions of distributive justice and perceptions ofprocedural justice was studied by examining the effects of outcome on reac-tions to an adjudication procedure and the effects of procedures on reactions toan adjudication outcome. Undergraduate subjects were led to believe they hadbeen charged with wrongdoing of which they knew they were innocent. Thecharg…
Procedural justice and participation in task selection: The role of control in mediating justice judgments
Cultural values and authority relations: The psychology of conflict resolution across cultures
The findings of 4 studies suggest that cultural values about power distance influence the way that people react to third-party authorities in a manner predicted by the relational model of authority (T. R. Tyler & E. A. Lind, 1992). Power-distance values reflect beliefs about the appropriate power relationship between authorities and their subordinates. As predicted, when making evaluations of authorities, those lower in their power-distance value…
Intrinsic Versus Community‐Based Justice Models: When Does Group Membership Matter
This paper examines the effects of group membership on group members' concerns about justice. Two types of effects are hypothesized to exist: inclusionary and exclusionary. Inclusionary effects involve the relationship between groups and their members. Exclusionary effects involve the relationship of groups to nonmembers. Data from a recent study of citizen reactions to encounters with legal authority suggest that inclusionary effects do occur—fo…
Procedural justice and culture: Effects of culture, gender, and investigator status on procedural preferences
Realpolitik versus fair process: Moderating effects of group identification on acceptance of political decisions
Three studies examined the effects of perceived procedural justice and the favorability of a group-level outcome on the endorsement of a group-level decision and the evaluation of the authority responsible for the decision. Results showed that, contrary to findings usually seen with individual-level decisions, collective outcome favorability was more important than procedural justice in influencing the endorsement of the decision. Furthermore, in…
Justice and the human alarm system: The impact of exclamation points and flashing lights on the justice judgment process
Extending theory within the justice domain and work on the human alarm system, the current paper argues that the process by which justice judgments are formed may be influenced reliably by the activation of psychological systems that people use to detect and handle alarming situations. Building on this analysis, it is further proposed that if this line of reasoning is true then presenting alarm-related stimuli, such as exclamation points and flas…
The effects of unfair procedure on negative affect and protest
Reactions to Procedural Models for Adjudicative Conflict Resolution: A Cross-National Study
A cross-national experimental study examining perceptions of four procedural models for adjudicative conflict resolution was conducted in four countries—the United States, Britain, France, and West Germany—whose legal procedures are based on differing adjudicative models. One hundred seventy-eight subjects rated the four models on a number of dimensions, including their preference for using the model for settling a conflict, the fairness of the m…
Fairness and participation in evaluation procedures: Effects on task attitudes and performance
How do people react to negative procedures? On the moderating role of authority’s biased attitudes
On the benign qualities of behavioral disinhibition: Because of the prosocial nature of people, behavioral disinhibition can weaken pleasure with getting more than you deserve
This article focuses on social situations in which people are surprised about what is happening and inhibited about how to respond to the situation at hand. We study these situations by examining a classic topic in social psychology: how people respond to receiving better outcomes than are deserved. In these situations, the actions of an authority or a coworker push in the direction of accepting and enjoying the unfair outcome, whereas personal v…
The Two Psychologies of Conflict Resolution: Differing Antecedents of Pre-Experience Choices and Post-Experience Evaluations
The literature on the `myth of self-interest' model of perceived human motivation suggests that people believe that both they and others are more motivated by self-interest than is actually the case. Four studies are reported which test one implication of the myth of self-interest: the psychology of pre-experience preferences and post-experience evaluations will differ. We hypothesize that people arrive at pre-experience preferences for decision-…
Evaluations of group products as a function of expectations of group longevity, outcome of competition, and publicity of evaluations
The meaning of procedural fairness: A comparison of taxpayers' and representatives' views of their tax audits
Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice
Evaluations of group products as a function of expectations of group longevity, outcome of competition, and publicity of evaluations
Social attributions and conversation style in trial testimony
Speech style and impression formation in a court setting: The effects of “powerful” and “powerless” speech
Reactions to Procedural Models for Adjudicative Conflict Resolution: A Cross-National Study
A cross-national experimental study examining perceptions of four procedural models for adjudicative conflict resolution was conducted in four countries—the United States, Britain, France, and West Germany—whose legal procedures are based on differing adjudicative models. One hundred seventy-eight subjects rated the four models on a number of dimensions, including their preference for using the model for settling a conflict, the fairness of the m…
Procedure and outcome effects on reactions to adjudicated resolution of conflicts of interest
School of Law University of North CarolinaUniversity of VirginiaThe relationship between perceptions of distributive justice and perceptions ofprocedural justice was studied by examining the effects of outcome on reac-tions to an adjudication procedure and the effects of procedures on reactions toan adjudication outcome. Undergraduate subjects were led to believe they hadbeen charged with wrongdoing of which they knew they were innocent. Thecharg…
Apparent impropriety and procedural fairness judgments
Procedural justice and culture: Effects of culture, gender, and investigator status on procedural preferences
Procedural justice and participation in task selection: The role of control in mediating justice judgments
Fairness and participation in evaluation procedures: Effects on task attitudes and performance
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Procedural fairness and work group responses to performance evaluation systems
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
Intrinsic Versus Community‐Based Justice Models: When Does Group Membership Matter
This paper examines the effects of group membership on group members' concerns about justice. Two types of effects are hypothesized to exist: inclusionary and exclusionary. Inclusionary effects involve the relationship between groups and their members. Exclusionary effects involve the relationship of groups to nonmembers. Data from a recent study of citizen reactions to encounters with legal authority suggest that inclusionary effects do occur—fo…
Voice, control, and procedural justice: Instrumental and noninstrumental concerns in fairness judgments
In the Eye of the Beholder: Tort Litigants' Evaluations of their Experiences in the Civil Justice System
Little is known about the reactions of tort litigants to traditional and alternative litigation procedures. To explore this issue, we interviewed litigants in personal injury cases in three state courts whose cases had been resolved by trial, court-annexed arbitration, judicial settlement conferences, or bilateral settlement. The litigants viewed the trial and arbitration procedures as fairer than bilateral settlement, apparently because they bel…
Perspective and procedural justice: Attorney and litigant evaluations of court procedures
A Relational Model of Authority in Groups
Superordinate Identification, Subgroup Identification, and Justice Concerns: Is Separatism the Problem; Is Assimilation the Answer
The diversity of American society raises concerns about whether authorities can maintain social cohesion amid competing interests and values The group-value model of justice suggests that authorities function more effectively when they are perceived as fair (e g, benevolent, neutral, and respectful) However, such relational evaluations may be effective only if authorities represent a group with which people identify In a diverse society, subgroup…
The effects of unfair procedure on negative affect and protest
Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice
Procedural context and culture: Variation in the antecedents of procedural justice judgments
Twenty-five years ago the social psychological study of procedural justice judgments began with the discovery that different dispute resolution procedures engender quite different fairness judgments, regardless of the outcome of the dispute. John Thibaut, Laurens Walker, and their students found that disputing procedures that grant disputants the opportunity to express their views and argue their case are seen as fairer than procedures that deny …
How do I judge my outcome when I do not know the outcome of others? The psychology of the fair process effect
Understanding gender differences in distributive and procedural justice
The meaning of procedural fairness: A comparison of taxpayers' and representatives' views of their tax audits
Cohesion and Respect: An Examination of Group Decision Making in Social and Escalation Dilemmas
Psychology (40 works) · Social Psychology (37 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Political science (21 works) · Economic Justice (20 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (19 works) · Law (18 works) · Procedural justice (14 works) · Perception (12 works) · Law (11 works)