Selma Carolin Rudert
Biographic Data
| ID | 237316 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Selma Carolin Rudert |
| GIVEN NAMES | Selma Carolin |
| FAMILY NAME | Rudert |
| SIGNATURE | RUDERT S C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Koblenz and Landau |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5986-2447 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 101 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Is it my fault? How attributing exclusion to norm violations triggers self-directed emotions
Being excluded hurts, but does it always hurt in the same way? Previous research has mostly treated social exclusion as uniformly painful, yet in everyday life, exclusion typically comes with context and reasons. We propose that beyond the general distress of being excluded, self-directed emotions such as guilt, shame, and self-directed anger emerge when targets can identify why they were excluded, recognize the cause as something they could have…
Ostracism Experiences of Sexual Minorities: Investigating Targets’ Experiences and Perceptions by Others
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people face frequent discrimination, maltreatment, and violence for transgressing gender roles upheld in heteronormative societies. Ostracism (i.e., being excluded and ignored) is likely another, understudied form of discrimination against sexual minorities. In a multi-method approach using a nationally representative panel ( N = 4104) and experience sampling data ( N = 467, 14 days, k = 926 ostracism experiences)…
Openness to being gossiped about: Understanding gossip from the target’s perspective
It is often assumed that, if given the choice, people would prefer not to be gossiped about. We address this assumption by investigating reactions to gossip from the perspective of its potential targets. In two nationally representative samples, we assess whether people are ever open to being the topic of other people's gossip and find a general aversion to being talked about, unless positively. However, some people reliably do prefer to be the f…
Differential effects of honesty-humility and descriptive social norms across the seriousness dimension of academic dishonesty
Academic dishonesty hinders the accurate evaluation of student learning in higher education. Previous research indicates that both Honesty-Humility and descriptive social norms predict dishonest behavior. Here, we investigated the role of seriousness—the moral weight of dishonest acts—as an underlying dimension of academic dishonesty which can influence the predictive quality of both determinants. We demonstrate that Honesty-Humility has a strong…
Narcissists’ experience of ostracism
Ostracism-being excluded and ignored-has severe, negative consequences. What is less clear is why some individuals become frequent targets of ostracism in the first place. In two nationally representative panel surveys, one experience sampling study, and six experiments ( N total = 77,289), we examine associations between grandiose narcissism and ostracism. Cross-sectional panel data (Study 1) and a 14-day experience sampling study (Study 2) show…
Ostracism in everyday life: A framework of threat and behavioral responses in real life
7,943 assessments including 767 ostracism experiences in 7 days) show that ostracism is an aversive experience that takes place in a range of contexts and relationships, as often as two to three times per week on average. Reconciling previously mixed findings regarding ostracism's effects on behavior and extending existing theory, we propose a novel framework of behavioral reactions based on need-threat levels: When psychological needs are severe…
Beyond the target: Source Motivation and Observer Attributions in Ostracism Research
Ostracism research has largely focused on the role of the target. However, this perspective does not account for the significant roles played by two other parties in the dynamics of ostracism: the sources who decide to ostracize a target and the observers who may be uninvolved or side with either the target or the sources. Here, we argue that accounting for these two perspectives is important if one wants to arrive at a comprehensive picture of o…
Ostracism and opinion extremization
Trading places: Do individual status changes reduce misattributions of poverty
This research explores how individual status positions and changes within an economic game influence attributional biases and support for redistribution. Across three studies, participants were assigned roles as losers, winners, or observers of the game. In a pilot study, losers perceived the game as less fair, attributed others' failures more to external factors, and showed greater support for social game policies than winners. Two follow‐up stu…
Cheating as a prosocial act? Helping others with academic cheating is related to social goals and cooperative norms
Academic dishonesty threatens the integrity of performance assessment, making it crucial to understand the various types and predictors of such behavior. Second-party cheating, which refers to aiding and abetting cheating behaviors, is similarly prevalent as individualistic cheating, yet has received limited research attention. We follow up on this and examine social reasons for such behavior. We consider social goals (focused on interpersonal re…
Showing with whom I belong: The desire to belong publicly on social media
Despite a plethora of social media use research, surprisingly little is known about what social media users post about, and, more importantly, why. In three studies (N = 1,140), we present novel evidence for a disposition describing individual differences in the desire to display belonging on social media: the desire to belong publicly (DTBP). We validate an eight-item DTBP scale, encompassing the desire to display both a high quantity (e.g., hav…
Why do minority students feel they don’t fit in? Migration background and parental education differentially predict social ostracism and belongingness
Minority students’ belongingness on campus has become an emergent topic in psychological research. Past research has particularly focused on belonging uncertainty as a potential explanation for impaired belongingness in minority students. While this represents an important perspective, we argue that students of certain minority groups may also be more likely to be confronted with actual ostracism experiences on campus. Using structural equation m…
It will (never) stop hurting: Do repeated or chronic experiences of exclusion lead to hyper- or hyposensitive psychological responses
Unlike one-time lab manipulations of exclusion, in real life, many people experience exclusion, from others and from groups, over extended periods, raising the question of whether individuals could, over time, develop hypo- or hypersensitive responses to chronic exclusion. In Study 1, we subjected participants to repeated experiences of inclusion or exclusion (three Cyberball games, time lag of three days, N = 194; 659 observations). We find that…
Expecting exclusion: Does bracing for the worst buffer the pain of social exclusion
Evidence from different research areas suggests that expecting negative outcomes can buffer their adverse psychological effects. In the context of social exclusion, however, evidence for buffering effects of expectations on individuals’ immediate need threat is mixed and has not been examined in terms of cognitive bracing . We present four studies ( N = 1159) that test two competing hypotheses (no buffering vs. buffering effects) and focus on thr…
Young, unemployed, excluded: Unemployed young adults report more ostracism
Ostracism—being excluded and ignored—is commonly investigated in experimental settings, leaving specific societal risk groups greatly unexplored. Here, we examined whether individuals’ employment status and age affect ostracism frequency and outsider feelings. Using panel data from two countries, we find that especially younger unemployed (vs. younger employed or older unemployed) adults report experiencing ostracism more frequently (SOEP‐IS; N =…
When and why we ostracize others: Motivated social exclusion in group contexts
Research on ostracism has mostly focused on ostracized targets' reactions to being excluded and ignored. In contrast, the ostracizing sources' perspective and reasons for why individuals decide to ostracize others are still a largely unexplored frontier for empirical research. We propose two fundamental motives situated in the target's behavior that drive motivated ostracism decisions for the benefit of one's group: A perceived norm violation of …
Why didn't you tag me: Social exclusion from Instagram posts hurts, especially those with a high need to belong
Humans are highly sensitive to ostracism experiences and thus, even very short occurrences of being excluded and ignored can threaten fundamental needs and lower mood. We investigated whether not being tagged causes similar negative responses as being excluded in real life. Using a multi-method approach, we show across five studies (total N = 1149) that not being tagged in a posted photo strongly threatens fundamental needs. This effect is modera…
Social pain by non-social agents: Exclusion hurts and provokes punishment even if the excluding source is a computer
Prior research has shown that being excluded by computer-agents in experimental exclusion paradigms threatens individuals' basic needs to a similar extent as being excluded by humans. It is less clear, however, why this similarity between computer and human exclusion occurs, and whether it applies only to reactions immediately after the exclusion event (reflexive stage), or also to reactions that occur further downstream (e.g., reflective stage).…
University in the rear-view mirror: Psychological Needs in Pleasant and Unpleasant Memories of Alumni
The university years are an important life phase for academics that shapes their transition from adolescence to adulthood. Here, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding on how alumni construe both nostalgic memories and regrets about this period. In line with Self-Determination Theory, we assumed that we would find frequent references to the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness within pleasant memories (nee…
Following the crowd in times of crisis: Descriptive norms predict physical distancing, stockpiling, and prosocial behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic
Individuals engage in a variety of behavioral responses to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, from complying with or transgressing against physical distancing regulations, to stockpiling or prosocial behavior. We predicted that particularly descriptive social norms are important in driving pandemic-related behavior as they offer guidelines in times of insecurity and crisis. To investigate this assumption, we conducted a longitudinal survey with two…
If they don't care, I won't share: Feeling unrelated to one's in‐group increases selfishness instead of behavior for the greater good
Individuals cooperate more with others to whom they feel connected. As a consequence, reduced belonging to an in‐group decreases cooperation with this group, but not with others. Sometimes, however, there may be no new group available to (re)affiliate with. In this case, reduced belonging may either increase cooperation on a higher level, such as with the superordinate group humanity, or increase selfishness. We investigate this in an online expe…
Stay out of our office (vs. our pub): Target personality and situational context affect ostracism intentions
Ostracized and observed: The presence of an audience affects the experience of being excluded
Does social exclusion hurt more when an audience is present to witness it? Theories of reputation management and evolutionary fitness suggest that an audience would intensify the negative effects of social exclusion. Alternatively, the known benefits of social support suggest that an audience would buffer against the negative effects of exclusion. This question was addressed with two experiments varying the presence of an audience in an online ba…
Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm‐violating behavior in ostracism situations
When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the obse…
The experience of ostracism over the adult life span
Ostracism, that is, being excluded and ignored by others, is a highly painful and threatening experience for individuals. Most empirical research on ostracism has been carried out in the lab or focused on samples in specific contexts. Here, we investigate the effects of age on how individuals experience ostracism within a broad, representative sample of the adult German population (the Socio-Economic Panel). We find a generally negative relation …
"Attitudes Towards Languages" (AToL) Scale: A Global Instrument
Language attitudes may be differentiated into attitudes towards speakers and attitudes towards languages. However, to date, no systematic and differentiated instrument exists that measures attitudes towards language. Accordingly, we developed, validated, and applied the Attitudes Towards Languages (AToL) scale in four studies. In Study 1, we selected 15 items for the AToL scale, which represented the three dimensions of value, sound, and structur…
Who gets ostracized? A personality perspective on risk and protective factors of ostracism
Ostracism, excluding and ignoring others, results from a variety of factors. Here, we investigate the effect of personality on the likelihood of becoming a target of ostracism. Theorizing that individuals low in conscientiousness or agreeableness are at risk of getting ostracized, we tested our hypotheses within 5 preregistered studies: Four experiments investigating participants' willingness to ostracize targets characterized by different person…
Who’s to blame? Dissimilarity as a cue in moral judgments of observed ostracism episodes
When observing an ostracism episode, observers may wish to know whether ostracism is justified or not. If ostracism appears unjustified, observers will likely blame the sources and sympathize with the target; if it appears justified, observers will likely blame and devalue the target. Here we introduce the "social dissimilarity rule," which holds that observers base their moral judgments on dissimilarities between the members of the observed grou…
The experience of ostracism over the adult life span
Ostracism, that is, being excluded and ignored by others, is a highly painful and threatening experience for individuals. Most empirical research on ostracism has been carried out in the lab or focused on samples in specific contexts. Here, we investigate the effects of age on how individuals experience ostracism within a broad, representative sample of the adult German population (the Socio-Economic Panel). We find a generally negative relation …
Faced with exclusion: Perceived facial warmth and competence influence moral judgments of social exclusion
When and why we ostracize others: Motivated social exclusion in group contexts
Research on ostracism has mostly focused on ostracized targets' reactions to being excluded and ignored. In contrast, the ostracizing sources' perspective and reasons for why individuals decide to ostracize others are still a largely unexplored frontier for empirical research. We propose two fundamental motives situated in the target's behavior that drive motivated ostracism decisions for the benefit of one's group: A perceived norm violation of …
Stay out of our office (vs. our pub): Target personality and situational context affect ostracism intentions
Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm‐violating behavior in ostracism situations
When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the obse…
You should go for diversity, but I'd rather stay with similar others: Social distance modulates the preference for diversity
Following the crowd in times of crisis: Descriptive norms predict physical distancing, stockpiling, and prosocial behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic
Individuals engage in a variety of behavioral responses to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, from complying with or transgressing against physical distancing regulations, to stockpiling or prosocial behavior. We predicted that particularly descriptive social norms are important in driving pandemic-related behavior as they offer guidelines in times of insecurity and crisis. To investigate this assumption, we conducted a longitudinal survey with two…
Ostracism in everyday life: A framework of threat and behavioral responses in real life
7,943 assessments including 767 ostracism experiences in 7 days) show that ostracism is an aversive experience that takes place in a range of contexts and relationships, as often as two to three times per week on average. Reconciling previously mixed findings regarding ostracism's effects on behavior and extending existing theory, we propose a novel framework of behavioral reactions based on need-threat levels: When psychological needs are severe…
It will (never) stop hurting: Do repeated or chronic experiences of exclusion lead to hyper- or hyposensitive psychological responses
Unlike one-time lab manipulations of exclusion, in real life, many people experience exclusion, from others and from groups, over extended periods, raising the question of whether individuals could, over time, develop hypo- or hypersensitive responses to chronic exclusion. In Study 1, we subjected participants to repeated experiences of inclusion or exclusion (three Cyberball games, time lag of three days, N = 194; 659 observations). We find that…
Beyond the target: Source Motivation and Observer Attributions in Ostracism Research
Ostracism research has largely focused on the role of the target. However, this perspective does not account for the significant roles played by two other parties in the dynamics of ostracism: the sources who decide to ostracize a target and the observers who may be uninvolved or side with either the target or the sources. Here, we argue that accounting for these two perspectives is important if one wants to arrive at a comprehensive picture of o…
Young, unemployed, excluded: Unemployed young adults report more ostracism
Ostracism—being excluded and ignored—is commonly investigated in experimental settings, leaving specific societal risk groups greatly unexplored. Here, we examined whether individuals’ employment status and age affect ostracism frequency and outsider feelings. Using panel data from two countries, we find that especially younger unemployed (vs. younger employed or older unemployed) adults report experiencing ostracism more frequently (SOEP‐IS; N =…
An unscathed past in the face of death: Mortality salience reduces individuals' regrets
Why do minority students feel they don’t fit in? Migration background and parental education differentially predict social ostracism and belongingness
Minority students’ belongingness on campus has become an emergent topic in psychological research. Past research has particularly focused on belonging uncertainty as a potential explanation for impaired belongingness in minority students. While this represents an important perspective, we argue that students of certain minority groups may also be more likely to be confronted with actual ostracism experiences on campus. Using structural equation m…
University in the rear-view mirror: Psychological Needs in Pleasant and Unpleasant Memories of Alumni
The university years are an important life phase for academics that shapes their transition from adolescence to adulthood. Here, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding on how alumni construe both nostalgic memories and regrets about this period. In line with Self-Determination Theory, we assumed that we would find frequent references to the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness within pleasant memories (nee…
If they don't care, I won't share: Feeling unrelated to one's in‐group increases selfishness instead of behavior for the greater good
Individuals cooperate more with others to whom they feel connected. As a consequence, reduced belonging to an in‐group decreases cooperation with this group, but not with others. Sometimes, however, there may be no new group available to (re)affiliate with. In this case, reduced belonging may either increase cooperation on a higher level, such as with the superordinate group humanity, or increase selfishness. We investigate this in an online expe…
"Attitudes Towards Languages" (AToL) Scale: A Global Instrument
Language attitudes may be differentiated into attitudes towards speakers and attitudes towards languages. However, to date, no systematic and differentiated instrument exists that measures attitudes towards language. Accordingly, we developed, validated, and applied the Attitudes Towards Languages (AToL) scale in four studies. In Study 1, we selected 15 items for the AToL scale, which represented the three dimensions of value, sound, and structur…
An unscathed past in the face of death: Mortality salience reduces individuals' regrets
Faced with exclusion: Perceived facial warmth and competence influence moral judgments of social exclusion
Who’s to blame? Dissimilarity as a cue in moral judgments of observed ostracism episodes
When observing an ostracism episode, observers may wish to know whether ostracism is justified or not. If ostracism appears unjustified, observers will likely blame the sources and sympathize with the target; if it appears justified, observers will likely blame and devalue the target. Here we introduce the "social dissimilarity rule," which holds that observers base their moral judgments on dissimilarities between the members of the observed grou…
Dark Pathways to Achievement in Science: Researchers’ Achievement Goals Predict Engagement in Questionable Research Practices
Questionable research practices (QRPs) are a strongly debated topic in the scientific community. Hypotheses about the relationship between individual differences and QRPs are plentiful but have rarely been empirically tested. Here, we investigate whether researchers’ personal motivation (expressed by achievement goals) is associated with self-reported engagement in QRPs within a sample of 217 psychology researchers. Appearance approach goals (str…
You should go for diversity, but I'd rather stay with similar others: Social distance modulates the preference for diversity
Ostracized and observed: The presence of an audience affects the experience of being excluded
Does social exclusion hurt more when an audience is present to witness it? Theories of reputation management and evolutionary fitness suggest that an audience would intensify the negative effects of social exclusion. Alternatively, the known benefits of social support suggest that an audience would buffer against the negative effects of exclusion. This question was addressed with two experiments varying the presence of an audience in an online ba…
Whom to punish? How observers sanction norm‐violating behavior in ostracism situations
When observing ostracism, individuals can either side with the target or the sources of ostracism. Here we demonstrate that side‐taking depends on whether the target previously acted in adherence to or in violation of perceived social norms. In four studies, a target behaved either norm‐consistently or violated a social norm, and was subsequently either excluded by the sources or was not. Next, participants could sanction the behavior of the obse…
The experience of ostracism over the adult life span
Ostracism, that is, being excluded and ignored by others, is a highly painful and threatening experience for individuals. Most empirical research on ostracism has been carried out in the lab or focused on samples in specific contexts. Here, we investigate the effects of age on how individuals experience ostracism within a broad, representative sample of the adult German population (the Socio-Economic Panel). We find a generally negative relation …
Who gets ostracized? A personality perspective on risk and protective factors of ostracism
Ostracism, excluding and ignoring others, results from a variety of factors. Here, we investigate the effect of personality on the likelihood of becoming a target of ostracism. Theorizing that individuals low in conscientiousness or agreeableness are at risk of getting ostracized, we tested our hypotheses within 5 preregistered studies: Four experiments investigating participants' willingness to ostracize targets characterized by different person…
Following the crowd in times of crisis: Descriptive norms predict physical distancing, stockpiling, and prosocial behavior during the Covid-19 pandemic
Individuals engage in a variety of behavioral responses to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, from complying with or transgressing against physical distancing regulations, to stockpiling or prosocial behavior. We predicted that particularly descriptive social norms are important in driving pandemic-related behavior as they offer guidelines in times of insecurity and crisis. To investigate this assumption, we conducted a longitudinal survey with two…
If they don't care, I won't share: Feeling unrelated to one's in‐group increases selfishness instead of behavior for the greater good
Individuals cooperate more with others to whom they feel connected. As a consequence, reduced belonging to an in‐group decreases cooperation with this group, but not with others. Sometimes, however, there may be no new group available to (re)affiliate with. In this case, reduced belonging may either increase cooperation on a higher level, such as with the superordinate group humanity, or increase selfishness. We investigate this in an online expe…
Stay out of our office (vs. our pub): Target personality and situational context affect ostracism intentions
Why didn't you tag me: Social exclusion from Instagram posts hurts, especially those with a high need to belong
Humans are highly sensitive to ostracism experiences and thus, even very short occurrences of being excluded and ignored can threaten fundamental needs and lower mood. We investigated whether not being tagged causes similar negative responses as being excluded in real life. Using a multi-method approach, we show across five studies (total N = 1149) that not being tagged in a posted photo strongly threatens fundamental needs. This effect is modera…
Social pain by non-social agents: Exclusion hurts and provokes punishment even if the excluding source is a computer
Prior research has shown that being excluded by computer-agents in experimental exclusion paradigms threatens individuals' basic needs to a similar extent as being excluded by humans. It is less clear, however, why this similarity between computer and human exclusion occurs, and whether it applies only to reactions immediately after the exclusion event (reflexive stage), or also to reactions that occur further downstream (e.g., reflective stage).…
University in the rear-view mirror: Psychological Needs in Pleasant and Unpleasant Memories of Alumni
The university years are an important life phase for academics that shapes their transition from adolescence to adulthood. Here, we aimed to contribute to a better understanding on how alumni construe both nostalgic memories and regrets about this period. In line with Self-Determination Theory, we assumed that we would find frequent references to the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness within pleasant memories (nee…
Showing with whom I belong: The desire to belong publicly on social media
Despite a plethora of social media use research, surprisingly little is known about what social media users post about, and, more importantly, why. In three studies (N = 1,140), we present novel evidence for a disposition describing individual differences in the desire to display belonging on social media: the desire to belong publicly (DTBP). We validate an eight-item DTBP scale, encompassing the desire to display both a high quantity (e.g., hav…
Why do minority students feel they don’t fit in? Migration background and parental education differentially predict social ostracism and belongingness
Minority students’ belongingness on campus has become an emergent topic in psychological research. Past research has particularly focused on belonging uncertainty as a potential explanation for impaired belongingness in minority students. While this represents an important perspective, we argue that students of certain minority groups may also be more likely to be confronted with actual ostracism experiences on campus. Using structural equation m…
It will (never) stop hurting: Do repeated or chronic experiences of exclusion lead to hyper- or hyposensitive psychological responses
Unlike one-time lab manipulations of exclusion, in real life, many people experience exclusion, from others and from groups, over extended periods, raising the question of whether individuals could, over time, develop hypo- or hypersensitive responses to chronic exclusion. In Study 1, we subjected participants to repeated experiences of inclusion or exclusion (three Cyberball games, time lag of three days, N = 194; 659 observations). We find that…
Expecting exclusion: Does bracing for the worst buffer the pain of social exclusion
Evidence from different research areas suggests that expecting negative outcomes can buffer their adverse psychological effects. In the context of social exclusion, however, evidence for buffering effects of expectations on individuals’ immediate need threat is mixed and has not been examined in terms of cognitive bracing . We present four studies ( N = 1159) that test two competing hypotheses (no buffering vs. buffering effects) and focus on thr…
Young, unemployed, excluded: Unemployed young adults report more ostracism
Ostracism—being excluded and ignored—is commonly investigated in experimental settings, leaving specific societal risk groups greatly unexplored. Here, we examined whether individuals’ employment status and age affect ostracism frequency and outsider feelings. Using panel data from two countries, we find that especially younger unemployed (vs. younger employed or older unemployed) adults report experiencing ostracism more frequently (SOEP‐IS; N =…
When and why we ostracize others: Motivated social exclusion in group contexts
Research on ostracism has mostly focused on ostracized targets' reactions to being excluded and ignored. In contrast, the ostracizing sources' perspective and reasons for why individuals decide to ostracize others are still a largely unexplored frontier for empirical research. We propose two fundamental motives situated in the target's behavior that drive motivated ostracism decisions for the benefit of one's group: A perceived norm violation of …
Cheating as a prosocial act? Helping others with academic cheating is related to social goals and cooperative norms
Academic dishonesty threatens the integrity of performance assessment, making it crucial to understand the various types and predictors of such behavior. Second-party cheating, which refers to aiding and abetting cheating behaviors, is similarly prevalent as individualistic cheating, yet has received limited research attention. We follow up on this and examine social reasons for such behavior. We consider social goals (focused on interpersonal re…
Ostracism Experiences of Sexual Minorities: Investigating Targets’ Experiences and Perceptions by Others
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people face frequent discrimination, maltreatment, and violence for transgressing gender roles upheld in heteronormative societies. Ostracism (i.e., being excluded and ignored) is likely another, understudied form of discrimination against sexual minorities. In a multi-method approach using a nationally representative panel ( N = 4104) and experience sampling data ( N = 467, 14 days, k = 926 ostracism experiences)…
Openness to being gossiped about: Understanding gossip from the target’s perspective
It is often assumed that, if given the choice, people would prefer not to be gossiped about. We address this assumption by investigating reactions to gossip from the perspective of its potential targets. In two nationally representative samples, we assess whether people are ever open to being the topic of other people's gossip and find a general aversion to being talked about, unless positively. However, some people reliably do prefer to be the f…
Psychology (29 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion (22 works) · Ostracism (14 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (10 works) · Political science (7 works) · Social exclusion (7 works) · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment (6 works)