Francis Green
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 253087 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Francis Green |
| NOMBRES | Francis |
| APELLIDO | Green |
| FIRMA | GREEN F |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Kent |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6786-5012 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 65 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 398 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 65 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1981 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 11 |
The Spatial Anatomy of Working at Home
This article provides a spatial analysis of working at home. It makes distinctions according to the extent to which the boundaries of work and home spatially overlap. Using this conceptual lens, it deploys data from Britain′s Skills and Employment Survey to track the trends and patterns of homeworking and hybrid working over the last two decades. The article also examines the type of home spaces used. It identifies the characteristics of those wh…
Diluting Exclusivity? The Prevalence and Distribution of Bursaries and Scholarships for Britain's Private Schools
Bursaries and scholarships are sometimes advanced as a mitigating factor for Britain’s private schools’ social exclusiveness and as a vehicle for social reform. This paper analyses trends in these grants since 1997 using the Family Resources Survey. We find that one in ten private school pupils received a bursary or scholarship, while only 3.4% of total fees were mitigated in this way. Over time the grants became more common but decreased in valu…
Students’ valued capabilities and their sociodemographic determinants at China’s vocational high schools
Private school pupils’ performance in GCSEs (and IGCSEs)
Using rich longitudinal data from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), the authors compare the performance of private and state school pupils in age 16 national examinations (GCSEs) in England, where private schools are particularly well resourced by international standards. Performance among pupils attending private secondary schools is superior. However, this raw difference ignores the highly socially selective nature of the English private …
Work and life
We investigate the relative importance of variations in job quality in accounting for variations in general well-being among employed people in Europe, the USA, Australia and South Korea. We find that the importance of job quality is everywhere of a similar magnitude to that of health, while both are far more important than other conventional determinants, including education, gender, marital status, parental status, age or household income. Job …
Are Right-Wing Attitudes and Voting Associated with Having Attended Private School? An Investigation Using the 1970 British Cohort Study
This article addresses the question of whether attending a private school affects voting behaviour and political attitudes in adulthood in Britain. The analysis is based upon the British Cohort Study, a nationally representative cohort of children born in one week in April 1970. The 'effect' of attending a private school on the tendency to vote Conservative in four consecutive General Elections, and on the expression of conservative attitudes in …
Perceived effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on educational progress and the learning of job skills
We present new evidence on the pandemic’s effects on youth, for the first time focusing on perceived effects on the learning of job skills, as well as on education. The context is post-Brexit Britain. We find that 47% of young people in a representative sample perceive a loss of learning of job skills, while a sizeable minority (17%) judge that the pandemic improved matters. The perception of skill loss is worse among those encountering Covid dir…
Does attending an English private school benefit mental health and life satisfaction? From adolescence to adulthood
Previous research has shown that there is a small but significant cumulative private school advantage in terms of educational attainment in Britain. However, research on how school type influences non-educational outcomes is more scarcer. This paper aims to identify the extent to which school type influences satisfaction with life and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood. Using Next Steps, a longitudinal study of young people in Engl…
Living with Covid-19
While there is ample evidence of the decline in mental health among youth during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, less is known about the determinants of recovery, which is the focus of this study. Drawing on a stress process framework, this study examines the associations of changes in direct, pandemic-related, and indirect, lockdown-related stressors with life satisfaction. A novel representative, longitudinal sample of British 16–25-year-ol…
Working Still Harder
The authors use data from the British Skills and Employment Surveys to document and to try to account for sustained work intensification between 2001 and 2017. They estimate the determinants of work intensity, first using four waves of the pooled cross-section data, then using a constructed pseudo-panel of occupation-industry cells. The latter approach suggests biases in cross-section models of work intensity, associated with unobserved fixed eff…
British teachers’ declining job quality
I analyse trends in teachers’ job quality in Britain, using the framework of the European Foundation for Living and Working Conditions, with data from the British Skills and Employment Survey. The issue of increasing concern is not work hours, which have remained long but stable; rather, teachers are working considerably more intensively than in earlier years. Moreover, their task discretion, their participation in work organisation and their tra…
Inequality at work and employees' perceptions of organisational fairness
The need to promote fairness at work, as a way of both enhancing employee well‐being and raising productivity, has become increasingly central to political discourse. There has been little research, however, on perceptions of fairness across the diverse spectrum of employees in the workforce—the extent to which they regard their organisations as fair and the work experiences that most strongly inform their judgements about fairness. The paper dra…
Education and psychological distress in adolescence and mid‐life
This article extends the evidence base on childhood circumstances, education and psychological distress. We examine the link between childhood advantage and disadvantage, the type of school attended during adolescence and psychological distress at ages 16 and 42. The analysis uses a large, population‐based birth cohort study, the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) ( n = 17,198) using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. More advantaged …
Unpredictable times
This article presents new British evidence that suggests that cutting working hours at short notice is twice as prevalent as zero‐hours contracts and triple the number of employees are very anxious about unexpected changes to their hours of work. The pay of these employees tends to be lower, work intensity higher, line management support weaker and the threat of dismissal and job loss greater. In addition, the well‐being of these employees is low…
Determinants of private school participation
For those who grew up in Britain in the latter half of the twentieth century, there is known to be a strong association between social class or family income and attending a private school. However, increasing private school fees and promotion of school choice in the state sector have potential implications for the predictors of participation in private schooling in the twenty‐first century. In this article, through analysis of rich, longitudinal…
Pathways from origins to destinations
While much attention has been devoted to measuring levels of social mobility over time, less attention has been given to the possibility of changing pathways to social mobility. This paper examines pathways from social origins to socio-economic destinations in midlife for two British cohorts, born in 1958 and 1970 respectively, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). We address the roles of cognitive attainment, private schooling and education…
Private Benefits? External Benefits? Outcomes of Private Schooling in 21stCentury Britain
Policy discourse surrounding Britain's unusually well-resourced private schools surrounds their charitable status and their relationship with low social mobility, but informative evidence is scarce. We present estimates of the extent to which private and external benefits at age 25 are associated with attendance at private school in England in the 21st century. We find a weekly wage premium of 17 percent, and a 12 percentage point lower chance of…
Engines of Privilege
Elite universities, fields of study and top salaries
This article assesses the chances of entering the top 5% of earners for a British cohort currently in their 40s. We assess the difference made by a university degree from an elite (Russell Group) or non‐elite university, and from different undergraduate fields of study. Our study uses rich longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study ( BCS 70). This allows us to control for an unusually large range of potential confounding factors, includ…
The path from social origins to top jobs
This paper provides a comprehensive account of the way in which cognitive and educational attainment mediate the link between social origins and elite social class destinations in mid-life. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), we assess the roles of a range of pathways through which educational advantage may lead to occupational attainment: cognitive development; private and selective secondary schools; school level qualifications; and hi…
Free Schools in England
The aim of this article is to investigate the argument that choice and competition will unleash entrepreneurial innovation in free schools. Free schools were introduced as a subset of the Academies by the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition government, following the general election in 2010. The government made it possible for non-state providers to set up their own independent, state-funded schools in order to create more choice, competition…
Scientific analysis of a preserved head of hair at Romsey Abbey, UK
The influence of private primary schooling on children's learning
Much has been made of the academic success of children who have attended private secondary schools in Britain, but far less attention has been directed to whether there are similar benefits from attending a private primary school. Using data from three British birth cohorts—born in 1958, 1970 and 2000/1—this paper profiles the family background and personal characteristics of children at state‐funded and private fee‐paying schools and then invest…
Private schooling and labour market outcomes
Though a relative small part of the school sector, private schools have an important role in British society, and there are policy concerns about their negative effect on social mobility. Other studies show that individuals who have attended a private school go on to have higher levels of educational achievement, are more likely to secure a high‐status occupation and also have higher wages. In this article we contribute new evidence on the magnit…
The hidden face of job insecurity
Drawing on nationally representative data for British employees, the article argues for a more comprehensive concept of job insecurity, including not only job tenure insecurity but also job status insecurity, relating to anxiety about changes to valued features of the job. It shows that job status insecurity is highly prevalent in the workforce and is associated with different individual, employment and labour market characteristics than those th…
The hidden face of job insecurity
Drawing on nationally representative data for British employees, the article argues for a more comprehensive concept of job insecurity, including not only job tenure insecurity but also job status insecurity, relating to anxiety about changes to valued features of the job. It shows that job status insecurity is highly prevalent in the workforce and is associated with different individual, employment and labour market characteristics than those th…
The path from social origins to top jobs
This paper provides a comprehensive account of the way in which cognitive and educational attainment mediate the link between social origins and elite social class destinations in mid-life. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), we assess the roles of a range of pathways through which educational advantage may lead to occupational attainment: cognitive development; private and selective secondary schools; school level qualifications; and hi…
Job preferences and the intrinsic quality of work
The value that employees attach to the intrinsic aspects of work is important for whether or not job quality issues should have a central place on the social agenda. This article examines whether the importance that British employees attach to intrinsic job quality changed between 1992 and 2006. It uses two nationally representative surveys of employees. It finds no evidence to support the view that there has been a shift towards instrumental job…
Subjective employment insecurity around the world
I consider the concept of employment insecurity (EI) and provide new evidence for 1997 and 2005 for many countries with widely differing institutional contexts and at varying stages of development. There are no grounds for accepting that workplaces were going through a sea change in EI. Workers in transitional economies and developing economies worried the most about insecurity. Insecurity tended to be greater for women, for less-educated and for…
Changing Patterns of Task Discretion in Britain
Task discretion has held a central place in theories of work organization and the employment relationship. However, there have been sharply differing views about both the factors that determine it and the principal trends over time. Using evidence from three national surveys, this article shows that there has been a decline in task discretion since the early 1990s. This contrasts with an increase in other forms of employee involvement such as dir…
Is Job Quality Becoming More Unequal
The authors examine trends in nonwage aspects of job quality in Europe. They focus on both the level and the dispersion of job quality. Theories differ in their predictions for these trends and for whether national patterns will converge. Data from the Fifth European Working Conditions Survey are used, in conjunction with earlier waves, to construct four indices of nonwage job quality: Work Quality, Work Intensity, Good Physical Environment, and …
The Changing Economic Advantage from Private Schools
Private schooling is an important feature of education systems across the world. Despite its relatively small size, the British private school sector has a long history and plays a prominent role in society. We provide evidence showing that private schools have been successful in transforming their ability to generate the academic outputs that are most in demand in the modern economy: the private/state school wage differential has risen significa…
Job Insecurity and Wages
This paper examines whether subjective expectations of unemployment are reliable indicators of the probability of becoming unemployed, and investigates their association with wage growth. We find that workers' fears of unemployment are increased by their previous unemployment experience and by the unemployment experiences of a close friend, and are associated with other objective indicators of insecure jobs. We then show that unemployment fear pr…
Working Still Harder
The authors use data from the British Skills and Employment Surveys to document and to try to account for sustained work intensification between 2001 and 2017. They estimate the determinants of work intensity, first using four waves of the pooled cross-section data, then using a constructed pseudo-panel of occupation-industry cells. The latter approach suggests biases in cross-section models of work intensity, associated with unobserved fixed eff…
Trade Liberalisation and Wages in Developing Countries
This paper reviews the effects of trade liberalisation on wages in developing countries, and presents new evidence for Brazil. Wages fell substantially in the traded sector after trade liberalisation, consistent with there being reduced rents as industries faced greater competition. After trade liberalisation there was an increase in the marginal returns to college education. Within the traded sector, the impact of increasing openness on wages wa…
Private schooling and labour market outcomes
Though a relative small part of the school sector, private schools have an important role in British society, and there are policy concerns about their negative effect on social mobility. Other studies show that individuals who have attended a private school go on to have higher levels of educational achievement, are more likely to secure a high‐status occupation and also have higher wages. In this article we contribute new evidence on the magnit…
Employee Involvement, Technology and Evolution in Job Skills
The author investigates the evolution of job skill distribution using task data derived from the U.K. Skills Surveys of 1997, 2001, and 2006, and the 1992 Employment Survey in Britain. He determines the extent to which employee involvement in the workplace and computer technologies promote the use of higher order cognitive and interactive skills. He finds that literacy, other communication tasks, and self-planning skills have grown especially fas…
Skill Shortage and Skill Deficiency
Direct Participation and Employee Learning at Work
The creation of a learning environment at work has been seen as an essential concomitant of the growth of an advanced economy. This article explores the implications of direct participation for different types of employee learning, drawing upon the British Skills and Employment Surveys of 2006 and 2012. It confirms that direct participation is strongly associated with enhanced learning opportunities at work but finds important differences in the …
A Picture of Wage Inequality and the Allocation of Labor Through a Period of Trade Liberalization
Elite universities, fields of study and top salaries
This article assesses the chances of entering the top 5% of earners for a British cohort currently in their 40s. We assess the difference made by a university degree from an elite (Russell Group) or non‐elite university, and from different undergraduate fields of study. Our study uses rich longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study ( BCS 70). This allows us to control for an unusually large range of potential confounding factors, includ…
An analysis of the impact of the 2008-9 recession on the provision of training in the UK
This article examines the impact of the 2008-9 recession on training activity in the UK. In international terms, the UK is assumed to have a deregulated training market which is sensitive to changing economic conditions. However, national datasets and qualitative interviews suggest that, despite the severity of the recession, employers cut training expenditures by a small amount and the impact on training participation rates was minimal. Contrary…
Temporary Work and Insecurity in Britain
Work and life
We investigate the relative importance of variations in job quality in accounting for variations in general well-being among employed people in Europe, the USA, Australia and South Korea. We find that the importance of job quality is everywhere of a similar magnitude to that of health, while both are far more important than other conventional determinants, including education, gender, marital status, parental status, age or household income. Job …
Trade Unions and Training Practices in British Workplaces
The authors use British establishment-level data from the 1991 Employers' Manpower and Skills Practices Survey (EMSPS) and individual-level data from the Autumn 1993 Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) to investigate the links between training provision and workplace unionization. Both the probability of receiving training and the amount of training received are found to have been substantially higher in unionized than in nonunion workplaces. Th…
Private Schools and the Provision of 'Public Benefit
Legislative changes and a recent court ruling allow private schools in England and Wales to determine how to provide the public benefits required to justify their charitable status. We investigate how private school headteachers and other informed stakeholders perceive their public benefit objectives and obligations. We find that schools interpret public beneficiaries widely to include one or more of state school pupils, local communities, other …
Training During the Recession
It is the conventional wisdom to assume that in the `market model' of training found in Britain, training tends to be curtailed in recessions. Yet national level evidence shows only a small reduction in training during the recession of the early 1990s. Analysis of a survey of employers' training behaviour shows that a combination of regulations and the forces of market competition held up training activity or increased it in many companies. Many …
The Effect of Occupational Pension Schemes on Saving in the United Kingdom
Journal Article The Effect of Occupational Pension Schemes on Saving in the United Kingdom: A Test of the Life Cycle Hypothesis Get access Francis Green Francis Green Kingston Polytechni Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 91, Issue 361, 1 March 1981, Pages 136–144, https://doi.org/10.2307/2231703 Published: 01 March 1981
The influence of private primary schooling on children's learning
Much has been made of the academic success of children who have attended private secondary schools in Britain, but far less attention has been directed to whether there are similar benefits from attending a private primary school. Using data from three British birth cohorts—born in 1958, 1970 and 2000/1—this paper profiles the family background and personal characteristics of children at state‐funded and private fee‐paying schools and then invest…
Determinants of private school participation
For those who grew up in Britain in the latter half of the twentieth century, there is known to be a strong association between social class or family income and attending a private school. However, increasing private school fees and promotion of school choice in the state sector have potential implications for the predictors of participation in private schooling in the twenty‐first century. In this article, through analysis of rich, longitudinal…
The Effect of Occupational Pension Schemes on Saving in the United Kingdom
Journal Article The Effect of Occupational Pension Schemes on Saving in the United Kingdom: A Test of the Life Cycle Hypothesis Get access Francis Green Francis Green Kingston Polytechni Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 91, Issue 361, 1 March 1981, Pages 136–144, https://doi.org/10.2307/2231703 Published: 01 March 1981
Some macroeconomic omens for Reagan and Thatcher
Labor in the Global Economy
Themes arising from the increasing international integration of capital and the changing position of labor occupied the 1986 summer conference of the Union for Radical Political Economics (URPE). The transparent importance of the topic, and the beautiful location on Cape Cod that was easily accessible from New York or Boston, combined to attract more than 250 participants. Academics from a variety of conventional disciplines within the broad area…
The Worker Discipline Effect
The authors test for the presence of a "worker discipline effect, " wherein macroeconomic conditions influence worker effort, and examine interindustry variation in its strength. An employment function analysis is first used to find evidence of a worker discipline effect in the majority of U.S. three-digit manufacturing industries. A factor analysis of industry, firm, and labor market characteristics is then used to identify several underlying fa…
Marx, Malthus, and Wages
Thomas Malthus, Karl Marx, wages
On the political economy of skill in the advanced industrial nations
The importance of education and training policy is being enhanced by its increasingly high profile as a competitive strategy in the age of global capitalism. This article argues that human–capital theory, because it objectifies skill and fails to uncover its social context, offers an inadequate framework for understanding the relationship between the economy and skill systems. An adequate economic framework for understanding changes in education …
Skill Shortage and Skill Deficiency
The Linkages Between Education and Employment in Canada and the United Kingdom
The educational attainment of the Canadian and British labour forces and the current educational enrolment of the two adult populations are contrasted. Using data from Canadas 1989 General Social Survey and the United Kingdoms 1989 Labour Force Survey the similarities and differences in how these key indicators of human capital development vary by age gender and occupation are examined. The results demonstrate that the greater flexibility of the …
Training During the Recession
It is the conventional wisdom to assume that in the `market model' of training found in Britain, training tends to be curtailed in recessions. Yet national level evidence shows only a small reduction in training during the recession of the early 1990s. Analysis of a survey of employers' training behaviour shows that a combination of regulations and the forces of market competition held up training activity or increased it in many companies. Many …
Securing commitment to skill formation policies
(1998). Securing commitment to skill formation policies. New Political Economy: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 134-138
Union Power, Cost of Job Loss, and Workers' Effort
The authors hypothesize that the effectiveness of external threats in raising workers' effort is mediated by, among other labor market conditions, the presence or absence of a powerful union. In particular, they argue that because powerful unions reduce the potency of the external threat of job loss (by making it more difficult for employers to dismiss workers), the pace of work is less responsive to such a threat in strongly unionized plants tha…
Post-school education and training policy in developmental states
The integration of economic and skill formation policies in South Korea and Taiwan through modified forms of state planning have been more successful than free-market alternatives in contributing both to economic growth and raising levels of educational achievement. However, this pattern of integration is now coming under pressure from a number of directions - the declining power of the State to compel employers to train their workers, the realiz…
Trade Unions and Training Practices in British Workplaces
The authors use British establishment-level data from the 1991 Employers' Manpower and Skills Practices Survey (EMSPS) and individual-level data from the Autumn 1993 Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) to investigate the links between training provision and workplace unionization. Both the probability of receiving training and the amount of training received are found to have been substantially higher in unionized than in nonunion workplaces. Th…
Britain's Training Statistics
In the last two decades or so education and training have become central in the discussion of Britain's economic performance. There have been substantial changes in education and training policy (OECD 1995) and, at the same time, an expansion of participation in post-compulsory education. Both current and recent governments have aimed to raise work-based training through a mixture of persuasion and limited, selective, measures. Yet, there is cons…
Suréducation
Francis Green, Steven Mcintosh und Anna Vignoles, « Überbildung » : Zuviel des Guten ? Eine Person ist überbildet, wenn sie fur die von ihr ausgeübten Tätigkeit überqualifiziert ist. Ihre Qualifikation übersteigt also die für den Posten erforderliche Qualifikation. Nach einem Überschlag über das Ausmass des Überbildungsphänomens in Grossbritannien gelangen die Autoren aber nicht zwangsläufig zu dem Urteil, dass dort eine Zeugnisschwemme vorherrsc…
The Impact of Company Human Resource Policies on Social Skills
The concept of a firm’s human capital is reconsidered to include both the technical and the social skills of its workforce. Technical skills are defined by the ability to turn inputs into outputs, and measured by the productivity of unit labour effort. Social skills are defined by the propensity to behave in a manner conducive to the firm’s objectives. In other words, social skills are constituted as the norm of effort contribution to which an in…
It’s Been A Hard Day’s Night
This paper presents evidence on trends in work pressure in late twentieth‐century Britain. The main findings are: (1) Average hours of work levelled off at the start of the 1980s, following a long historic fall, but have not increased since. However, the dispersion of hours has increased, and working hours have been concentrated into fewer households. (2) Work effort has been intensified since 1981. Intensification was greatest in manufacturing d…
A Picture of Wage Inequality and the Allocation of Labor Through a Period of Trade Liberalization
The Demands of Work
With relatively low unemployment, the quality of work is increasingly under the spotlight. Job satisfaction declined among workers in Britain during the 1990s. However, the picture of change for some important aspects of job quality is a little more optimistic in recent years. There has been a reduction in the proportion of workers working long hours from a peak of 36 per cent in 1995 to 30 per cent in 2002. This reduction signals a possible resu…
Skill, task discretion and new technology
En s'appuyant sur les résultats d'une série d'enquêtes nationales conduites auprès de la population active britannique, l'article apporte une contribution aux débats récurrents portant sur les liens entre changements technologiques, autonomie dans le travail et qualification. Sur la période concernée, il met à jour une élévation notoire des niveaux de qualification ; il ne confirme pas un accroissement de leur polarisation. Par contre, il constat…
Why Has Work Effort Become More Intense?
It is hypothesized that technological and organizational changes are an important source of work intensification, and supportive evidence is found using establishment data for Britain in the 1990s. Work intensification has also been stimulated by the use of high‐commitment human resources policies. A reduction in union power and a rise in the use of temporary agency workers and contractors were positively associated with work intensification; how…
Trade Liberalisation and Wages in Developing Countries
This paper reviews the effects of trade liberalisation on wages in developing countries, and presents new evidence for Brazil. Wages fell substantially in the traded sector after trade liberalisation, consistent with there being reduced rents as industries faced greater competition. After trade liberalisation there was an increase in the marginal returns to college education. Within the traded sector, the impact of increasing openness on wages wa…
Changing Patterns of Task Discretion in Britain
Task discretion has held a central place in theories of work organization and the employment relationship. However, there have been sharply differing views about both the factors that determine it and the principal trends over time. Using evidence from three national surveys, this article shows that there has been a decline in task discretion since the early 1990s. This contrasts with an increase in other forms of employee involvement such as dir…
Education and Training for Development in East Asia
The East Asian miracle, or its supposed demise, is always news. The Four Tiger economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea have experienced some of the fastest rates of economic growth ever achieved. This book provides the first detailed analysis of the development of education and training systems in Asia, and the relationship with the process of economic growth
Training and Establishment Survival
Training decisions are affected by beliefs about the returns to training, surrounding which firms face considerable uncertainty. We model the consequent association between training, profitability and establishment survival. We propose a plausible definition of optimism about training effectiveness, and show that more optimistic firms train more. We then present estimates of the relationship between training and the likelihood of medium‐term comm…
Economics (49 obras) · Political science (32 obras) · Psychology (31 obras) · Economic growth (28 obras) · Labour economics (26 obras) · Demographic economics (24 obras) · Employment and Welfare Studies (20 obras) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (20 obras) · Business (18 obras) · Sociology (18 obras)