Stuart J Mckelvie
Biographic Data
| ID | 2749983 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stuart J Mckelvie |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stuart J |
| FAMILY NAME | Mckelvie |
| SIGNATURE | MCKELVIE S J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Bishop's University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7288-7892 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 31 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Forming Impressions from English and French First Names: Is there an In-Group Effect in Québec
Using the Name Connotation Profile, English Canadian and French Canadian university students rated their impressions of people with English or French first names. Both the English and French students formed a more favorable impression of people who had names from their own linguistic group. These results are consistent with social identity theory, according to which people define themselves in part by groups to which they belong, with the contact…
Some Sex Differences in Sentencing Severity for a Mock Crime Scenario
Canadian undergraduates (84 women, 65 men) read one of two crime vignettes which varied in how justified a murder was perceived to be, then made sentencing recommendations. Men were more likely than women to recommend capital punishment, but men and women did not differ on recommendation of execution method or prison sentence and parole
Personality Traits and University Program
Self-Esteem and Body Satisfaction in Male and Female Elementary School, High School, and University Students
Effects of Sex of Judge and Sex of Victim on Recommended Punishment of a Male Murderer in a Mock Scenario
Two samples of undergraduates (36 women, 7 men; 44 women, 45 men) read a mock transcript in which a murderer's victim was a man or a woman, after which they made prison sentence and death penalty judgments. Female judges gave longer sentences for the female victim than for the male victim, whereas male judges gave longer sentences for the male victim than for the female victim. This same-sex bias suggests that extralegal factors can affect judgme…
Effects of Sex of Judge and Sex of Victim on Recommended Punishment of a Male Murderer in a Mock Scenario
Students' Reports of Athletic Involvement as Predictors of Drinking: A Pilot Study
Extraversion and the Rebound Effect After Thought Suppression
Effects of Free and Forced Retrieval Instructions on False Recall and Recognition
One hundred undergraduates heard 6 lists of 14 words that were each associated with 1 of 6 central concepts not on the lists (the DRMRS procedure). The participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible (free retrieval) or to fill all 14 spaces (forced retrieval) and were subsequently given a recognition test. False recall and recognition of the critical central concepts were higher with forced than with free retrieval instructions,…
Effect of Face Context on Recognition Memory for Voices
Participants heard 10 voices and were given a 2-alternative recognition-memory test. Accuracy was higher when testing was intentional rather than incidental and when faces accompanying the original voices were re-presented during the test. Some support was found for an attention-allocation model, which predicted poorest performance with incidental testing and faces not reinstated. Reported confidence was higher for correct than for incorrect deci…
Validity and Reliability Findings for an Experimental Short Form of the Wonderlic Personnel Test in an Academic Setting
For 225 undergraduates, scores on an untimed experimental short form of the Wonderlic Personnel Test were correlated .285 with grades. Three-week predictive validity against the Wonderlic test was .545 ( n = 86). Three-week test-retest and alternate-form reliabilities for the short form were .658 and .722 ( n s = 86, 85), respectively. The untimed short form is not judged to be superior to the original Wonderlic test in an academic setting
Is Memory for Head Orientation Based on a Left-Looking Schema
Research has shown that people misremember right-looking heads on coins as facing to the left, suggesting a general memory schema that favors left-lookers. This hypothesis was investigated in a study of 241 subjects in three experiments who were shown photographs of faces looking to the left, to the right, or at the observer and were later asked to identify whether each one had subsequently been left-right reversed. Also, in Experiments 2 and 3, …
Effects of Colored Separate and Interactive Pictures on Cued Recall
Participants (N = 509) were tested for backward cued recall of concrete noun pairs illustrated with pictures. Recall was considerably higher when a picture showed an interactive relationship than when the two items were drawn separately. However, with separate pictures in which the stimulus drawing appeared in a color that bore a direct relationship to the response object or when both drawings shared a color that was not related to the response o…
The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire as a predictor of facial recognition memory performance
After viewing 27 upright photographs of faces, 94 subjects took a forced‐choice recognition memory test in which the pairs were shown either upright ( N = 54) or inverted ( N = 40), then completed Marks' (1973) Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Although groups of 12 good and 12 poor visualizers representing the lower and upper 30 per cent of VVIQ scores were less accurate, slower to respond and less confident for inverted than upr…
Stereotyping in perception of attractiveness, age, and gender in schematic faces
Effects of Crime Seriousness and Offender Facial Attractiveness on Recommended Treatment
A total of 384 undergraduates in 12 experimental conditions representing crime seriousness, defendant facial attractiveness, and cueing of attractiveness, read a crime description then made recommendations for offender treatment. Although severity of punishment was greater for a murder than for a robbery, it did not differ between more and less attractive defendants. However, the less attractive robbers were more likely to be recommended psychiat…
Stereotyping in Perception of Attractiveness, Age, and Gender in Schematic Faces
Thirty-one subjects classified 16 schematic faces on six subject variables. Faces judged as pleasant-looking received higher positive trait evaluations than those judged as unpleasant (effect size d = 0.91 or 1.47), strongly confirming the dictum that “what is beautiful is good”. Also, more faces perceived as young were judged to be pleasant than unpleasant ( d = 0.67) and more faces perceived as old were judged to be unpleasant than pleasant ( d…
Effects of Offenders' and Victims' Characteristics on Severity of Punishment
244 undergraduates read a transcript of a murder case, then made recommendations for treatment of the offender. In Exp. 1, length of sentence for a convicted murderer was unrelated to his mode of attire. In Exp. 2, sentences were unrelated to intention but were longer with than without a motive. In Exp. 3, punishment was not consistently related to the victim's gender. Suggestions for research are given
Effects of Feature Variations on Attributions for Schematic Faces
31 subjects classified 16 schematic faces on six dimensions. Attractiveness was generally associated with widely separated eyes, a short nose, and high feature placement. When features were considered in combination, faces with low placement were judged attractive, although the effect was mitigated by a narrow mouth. Previous findings concerning perceived age and gender were partially replicated, but folk wisdom linking intelligence to low placem…
Why is coin head orientation misremembered? Tests of schema interference and handedness hypotheses
Three experiments were conducted to investigate memory for head direction on Canadian coins. In Expt 1, 71 per cent of 125 subjects reported wrongly that the Queen's head faces to their left, replicating previous claims of significant misremembering, and contradicting the specific interference hypotheses that responses are guided by knowledge of coins or postage stamps. In Expts 2 and 3, with 100 and 126 subjects respectively, a majority (59 per …
Playing Safe: Helping Rates for a Dropped Mitten and a Box of Condoms
In a Canadian shopping centre, a mitten or a box of condoms was accidentally dropped in front of 80 individual members of the public. The dropper was helped to retrieve his object by 43% of 30 people who saw the mitten but only by 17% of 30 people who saw the condoms. This replicates Edwards' 1975 report that the rate of helping was lower for an embarrassing than for a neutral object
Effects of Spatial Disruptions on Reading Speed for Fast and Slow Readers
Forty-five subjects read three paragraphs at their normal reading speed and were timed. The first paragraph was presented normally, and the others were shown either with spaces that had been filled in or with spaces that were randomized in size. The subjects' initial reading speed declined with both alterations, but to a greater extent with the filled text. Moreover, the reduction in reading speed was greater for the 10 fastest readers than for t…
Does Memory Contaminate Test-Retest Reliability
The Wonderlic Personnel Test (1983) was administered twice over a 3-week period under conditions in which the activity of the second test was experimentally manipulated. Data from 302 undergraduates were analyzed. The standard test-retest reliability coefficient, .872, was not significantly different from the coefficients obtained from three other groups that, on the second test, were each given specific instructions: (a) to reason out the answer…
Effects of Physical Attractiveness on Perceived Support for Women's Rights
Twenty male and 20 female undergraduates viewed photographs of 30 graduating women, 15 of whom had been rated as more and 15 as less physically attractive. The subjects answered a questionnaire in part of which they rated the likelihood that 10 statements concerning women's rights applied to the posers. Consistent with previous research, the likelihood ratings did not differ significantly between the more and less attractive women
Teaching Introductory Psychology: Using Repetition, Spacing, and Lag Effects
Following a theoretical account of the repetition, spacing, and lag effects, their application to the teaching of certain ideas in an introductory psychology course is described. The structure and sequence of course topics is described, including the timing of the presentation of particular concepts: Hebb's physiological behavioristics, Skinner's radical behaviorism, the operational definition, adaptation/habituation, and bottom-up/top-down proce…
Self-Esteem and Body Satisfaction in Male and Female Elementary School, High School, and University Students
Individual differences in reported visual imagery and memory performance
Seventy high school students completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Two months later, the 16 highest scores (low visualizers) and the 16 lowest scores (high visualizers) took part in a memory experiment involving abstract words, concrete words and pictures. Analyses of variance showed that high visualizers were superior to low visualizers on all three kinds of item in short-term recall, whereas they were only superior on …
Graphic rating scales - How many categories
Two experiments investigated the reliability and validity of a continuous and various categorized (five, seven, 11) rating scales on two different tasks (involving attitude judgement and psychophysical judgement). Although subjects appeared to prefer the continuous scale, it did not offer any advantages in terms of reliability or validity. It is proposed that a relatively small number of categories (five or six) should generally be used because (…
Does Memory Contaminate Test-Retest Reliability
The Wonderlic Personnel Test (1983) was administered twice over a 3-week period under conditions in which the activity of the second test was experimentally manipulated. Data from 302 undergraduates were analyzed. The standard test-retest reliability coefficient, .872, was not significantly different from the coefficients obtained from three other groups that, on the second test, were each given specific instructions: (a) to reason out the answer…
Sex Differences, Lateral Reversal, and Pose as Factors in Recognition Memory for Photographs of Faces
In five experiments with sample sizes ranging from 47 to 104, subjects were tested for recognition memory on photographs of faces that were untransformed or transformed (laterally reversed) between presentation and test. Scores were consistently higher on untransformed than on transformed faces and on those faces looking to the observer's left than on those looking to the right. In three of the experiments, women performed better on female than o…
Effects of Free and Forced Retrieval Instructions on False Recall and Recognition
One hundred undergraduates heard 6 lists of 14 words that were each associated with 1 of 6 central concepts not on the lists (the DRMRS procedure). The participants were instructed to recall as many words as possible (free retrieval) or to fill all 14 spaces (forced retrieval) and were subsequently given a recognition test. False recall and recognition of the critical central concepts were higher with forced than with free retrieval instructions,…
Effect of Face Context on Recognition Memory for Voices
Participants heard 10 voices and were given a 2-alternative recognition-memory test. Accuracy was higher when testing was intentional rather than incidental and when faces accompanying the original voices were re-presented during the test. Some support was found for an attention-allocation model, which predicted poorest performance with incidental testing and faces not reinstated. Reported confidence was higher for correct than for incorrect deci…
The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire as a predictor of facial recognition memory performance
After viewing 27 upright photographs of faces, 94 subjects took a forced‐choice recognition memory test in which the pairs were shown either upright ( N = 54) or inverted ( N = 40), then completed Marks' (1973) Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Although groups of 12 good and 12 poor visualizers representing the lower and upper 30 per cent of VVIQ scores were less accurate, slower to respond and less confident for inverted than upr…
Einstellung: Still Alive and Well
(1985). Einstellung: Still Alive and Well. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 112, No. 3, pp. 313-315
Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Favourableness of Character on Liking
40 subjects gave ratings of liking for photographs of 24 females who were either physically attractive or unattractive and who were described as having a favourable or unfavourable character. Contrary to expectancy-value theory, both attractiveness and character contributed significantly to the ratings of liking, although character had a stronger effect. In addition, females were more influenced by character than were males, while males were more…
Graphic rating scales - How many categories
Two experiments investigated the reliability and validity of a continuous and various categorized (five, seven, 11) rating scales on two different tasks (involving attitude judgement and psychophysical judgement). Although subjects appeared to prefer the continuous scale, it did not offer any advantages in terms of reliability or validity. It is proposed that a relatively small number of categories (five or six) should generally be used because (…
Individual differences in reported visual imagery and memory performance
Seventy high school students completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Two months later, the 16 highest scores (low visualizers) and the 16 lowest scores (high visualizers) took part in a memory experiment involving abstract words, concrete words and pictures. Analyses of variance showed that high visualizers were superior to low visualizers on all three kinds of item in short-term recall, whereas they were only superior on …
Effects of lateral reversal on recognition memory for photographs of faces
Recognition memory for photographs of faces, which were initially shown in the normal orientation, then tested either normally (unchanged) or laterally reversed (changed), was examined in four experiments involving different experimental designs (between and within group) and different methods of testing (yes‐no and forced‐choice). Although the overall effect of the transformation was not as powerful as others (e.g. hairstyle change) which have b…
Relationship between Study Habits and Performance on an Intelligence Test with Limited and Unlimited Time
Two groups of undergraduates, identified as high scorers ( n = 24) or low scorers ( n = 23) on the Study Habits section of the Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes, were administered alternate forms of the Wonderlic Personnel Test on two occasions, one with limited and one with unlimited time. Since high-scoring subjects performed better than low scorers on both timed forms but more so with limited time, and since they attempted more questions (l…
Left-Wing Rhetoric in Introductory Psychology Textbooks: The Case of Mental Illness
In response to a U.S. Government accusation of political bias in social science research discussed by Hogan and Schroeder in 1981, 23 introductory psychology textbooks were examined for evidence of left-wing rhetoric in their discussions of mental illness. Although most texts presented the sociocultural approach to the problem, very few clearly defended it. In addition, less than one-third gave much space to the views of the antipsychiatrists T. …
Effects of Topical Interest and Mode of Address on Response to Mail Survey
A total of 200 business and 200 social science students were sent one of two surveys defined to be of high or low interest. With each questionnaire was a letter addressing the mailee in one of four levels of formality. Neither the interest nor the address was associated with response rate, which was about 32%, however, women were more likely to respond than men. Implications for mail-order surveys are briefly discussed
Validity of Conventional and Unbiased Intelligence Test Items for Groups Differing in Age and Education
Three groups (students, nonprofessionals, and professionals) of 24 subjects differing in age and education completed a 60-item spiral omnibus test and two criterion measures (Intellectual Efficiency scale and Life Attitude Profile). Half of the omnibus questions (based on general information, social judgement, and numerical ability) had been judged as tapping knowledge unrestricted to students or middle-aged adults not in school, and the other ha…
Dominance-Submission in Students and Their Partners as a Function of Parental Dominance
In Study 1, scores on the dominance-submission scale of The Personality Inventory were obtained from 60 students equally divided among four groups of males and females who reported that their fathers or mothers were the more dominant parents. Males from father-dominant families scored higher than their female peers and than males from mother-dominant families, whose scores were equivalent to their female peers'. These results were replicated prec…
Einstellung: Still Alive and Well
(1985). Einstellung: Still Alive and Well. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 112, No. 3, pp. 313-315
Reliability and Validity of the Chapin Social Insight Test: Some Cautionary Data
On the basis of Chapin Social Insight Test scores from two samples of male and female undergraduates representing a university population in consecutive years, estimates of split-half ( ns = 66, 128), and test-retest ( ns = 44, 99) reliability were obtained. In addition, for 63 students in the second sample, correlations between test scores and course grades were calculated. Test-retest reliabilities were .69 and .66, split-half reliabilities wer…
Effects of format of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire on content validity, split‐half reliability, and the role of memory in test‐retest reliability
A total of 320 students (163 males, 157 females) were administered Marks' Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) in either its original (blocked) format or in a revised (random) format in which the order of the items was changed. All subjects completed the test on a second occasion, either 10 min or three weeks after the first, and did so under standard or novel memory instructions in which they were asked to recall their initial respon…
Validity of an Intuitive Personality Scale: Personal Responsibility as a Predictor of Academic Achievement
Fifty undergraduate students (27 female, 23 male) completed measures of verbal intelligence and locus of control, together with the Responsibility scale of the California Psychological Inventory and a student-written scale of Personal Responsibility. On the basis of correlational and multiple-regression analyses, it was found that Intelligence and Personal Responsibility were jointly the most efficient predictors of a subject's mean course grade,…
Learning and Awareness in the Hebb Digits Task
Subjects (N = 163) were tested on the Hebb digits task, for which they listened to 24 lists of nine digits read at the rate of about one digit per second and, following each list, attempted to recall the digits in the correct order. They were not informed, however, that the series on Trial 3 recurred on every subsequent third trial. On the basis of a postexperimental questionnaire, subjects were categorized as unaware (n = 21), late aware (n = 29…
Sex Differences, Lateral Reversal, and Pose as Factors in Recognition Memory for Photographs of Faces
In five experiments with sample sizes ranging from 47 to 104, subjects were tested for recognition memory on photographs of faces that were untransformed or transformed (laterally reversed) between presentation and test. Scores were consistently higher on untransformed than on transformed faces and on those faces looking to the observer's left than on those looking to the right. In three of the experiments, women performed better on female than o…
Effects of Hypnosis and Level of Processing on Repeated Recall of Line Drawings
Moderately susceptible subjects (N = 30) initially judged 30 line drawings of objects for pleasantness (deep processing) and 30 line drawings for visual complexity (shallow processing), after which they were given two immediate recall tests. Following a 48-hr delay, subjects were allocated randomly to hypnosis, simulation, or neutral control conditions and were tested four more times. Subjects produced more correct and incorrect responses over th…
The Wonderlic Personnel Test: Reliability and Validity in an Academic Setting
Based on total of 290 undergraduates, the split-half reliability of the Wonderlic Personnel Test was .87 and the Pearson correlation between test score and mean grade was .21. Implications are presented for the use of this test in an academic setting
Effects of Physical Attractiveness on Perceived Support for Women's Rights
Twenty male and 20 female undergraduates viewed photographs of 30 graduating women, 15 of whom had been rated as more and 15 as less physically attractive. The subjects answered a questionnaire in part of which they rated the likelihood that 10 statements concerning women's rights applied to the posers. Consistent with previous research, the likelihood ratings did not differ significantly between the more and less attractive women
Teaching Introductory Psychology: Using Repetition, Spacing, and Lag Effects
Following a theoretical account of the repetition, spacing, and lag effects, their application to the teaching of certain ideas in an introductory psychology course is described. The structure and sequence of course topics is described, including the timing of the presentation of particular concepts: Hebb's physiological behavioristics, Skinner's radical behaviorism, the operational definition, adaptation/habituation, and bottom-up/top-down proce…
Teaching Introductory Psychology: Using Repetition, Spacing, and Lag Effects
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Playing Safe: Helping Rates for a Dropped Mitten and a Box of Condoms
In a Canadian shopping centre, a mitten or a box of condoms was accidentally dropped in front of 80 individual members of the public. The dropper was helped to retrieve his object by 43% of 30 people who saw the mitten but only by 17% of 30 people who saw the condoms. This replicates Edwards' 1975 report that the rate of helping was lower for an embarrassing than for a neutral object
Effects of Spatial Disruptions on Reading Speed for Fast and Slow Readers
Forty-five subjects read three paragraphs at their normal reading speed and were timed. The first paragraph was presented normally, and the others were shown either with spaces that had been filled in or with spaces that were randomized in size. The subjects' initial reading speed declined with both alterations, but to a greater extent with the filled text. Moreover, the reduction in reading speed was greater for the 10 fastest readers than for t…
Does Memory Contaminate Test-Retest Reliability
The Wonderlic Personnel Test (1983) was administered twice over a 3-week period under conditions in which the activity of the second test was experimentally manipulated. Data from 302 undergraduates were analyzed. The standard test-retest reliability coefficient, .872, was not significantly different from the coefficients obtained from three other groups that, on the second test, were each given specific instructions: (a) to reason out the answer…
Stereotyping in perception of attractiveness, age, and gender in schematic faces
Effects of Crime Seriousness and Offender Facial Attractiveness on Recommended Treatment
A total of 384 undergraduates in 12 experimental conditions representing crime seriousness, defendant facial attractiveness, and cueing of attractiveness, read a crime description then made recommendations for offender treatment. Although severity of punishment was greater for a murder than for a robbery, it did not differ between more and less attractive defendants. However, the less attractive robbers were more likely to be recommended psychiat…
Psychology (42 works) · Social Psychology (25 works) · Social Psychology (22 works) · Cognitive psychology (19 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Computer Science (13 works) · Memory Processes and Influences (9 works) · Clinical Psychology (8 works) · Clinical Psychology (8 works) · Applied Psychology (7 works)