Joseph Ciarrochi
Biographic Data
| ID | 296727 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joseph Ciarrochi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joseph |
| FAMILY NAME | Ciarrochi |
| SIGNATURE | CIARROCHI J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Australian Catholic University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0471-8100 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 79 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 296 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 79 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Time series machine learning for idionomic process-based treatment planning: A tutorial on tsBoruta
Heterogeneity in the links of psychological (in)flexibility subprocesses and well-being: Idionomic insights from an experience sampling study
Psychological flexibility reliably predicts well-being, but the strength, nature and sequence of relationships between components of these constructs are likely to considerably vary between individuals. This study used emerging idionomic methods to examine within-person links between psychological flexibility/inflexibility sub-processes and hedonic well-being using ecological momentary assessment data ( n = 167; 76% female college students; M age…
Beyond the average: Idionomic evidence of individual-specific variability in the psychological flexibility-mood relationship
Past research has relied on normative analyses for establishing the positive relationship between psychological flexibility (PF) process and well-being. These analyses, however, assume that aggregate-level effects (i.e., this positive relationship) also apply to most individuals, limiting our ability to explore the dynamic and complex nature of PF processes that interact with individual factors. Idionomic analyses, which use idiographic effects a…
One Size Does Not Make All Happy: Idionomic Links Between Striving for Positive States and Happiness in Experience Sampling
Striving for happiness can sometimes increase happiness but can also backfire and reduce it. To explore this paradox, we used idionomic methods—balancing individual-level analysis with group-level generalization—to examine how striving for happiness influences momentary happiness. Our data included ecological momentary assessment (EMA) surveys ( n = 2251) from 167 participants (75.6% female; M age = 23.96, SD = 8.7). Each individual’s data were f…
From experiential attachment to nonattachment: A theory-informed review of harmful and healthy pursuits of comfort, approval, competence, status, and control
Distinct pathways to well-being: Exploring valued action and mood among stoics and non-stoics
To examine the relationship between valued action and mood, this study analyzed Ecological Momentary Assessment data from a transdiagnostic in- and out-patient sample (EMA; N = 134; 62 female, 72 male; 62 inpatient, 72 outpatient; M age = 36.6 years, SD = 11.6). Individual time series models were constructed to capture each participant's unique relationship between valued action and mood. The models were then meta-analyzed, revealing substantial …
Experience-sampling methods for self-compassion research: A meta-analysis
Self-compassion is a sensitivity to attend to one’s own suffering with a desire to take helpful action to alleviate it. Applying experience sampling methods (ESM) to self-compassion research may provide insight to the dynamic and context-specific impacts of self-compassion on psychological well-being and distress. This meta-analysis provides a synthesis of the recent growth in self-compassion ESM studies. We compare the methodologies in ESM studi…
Introduction to the special issue on process-based therapy
A process-based competence evaluation for evidence-based dissemination (PROCEED): A study protocol
The study is registered at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B3A7D
Gender based adolescent self-compassion profiles and the mediating role of nonattachment on psychological well-being
Emerging research has shown that boys and girls may relate to compassionate and uncompassionate components of self-compassion differently and have distinct gender based self-compassion profiles. This study extended upon recent research by investigating gender based adolescent self-compassion profiles and their relationship with psychological well-being and the role of nonattachment in the link between self-compassion and well-being. A large cross…
Connected or Cutoff? A 4-Year Longitudinal Study of the Links Between Adolescents’ Compulsive Internet Use and Social Support
As the online world plays an increasing role in young peoples’ lives, research on compulsive internet use (CIU) is receiving growing attention. Given the social richness of the online world, there is a need to better understand how CIU influences adolescents’ social support and vice versa. Drawing on ecological systems theory, we examined the longitudinal links between adolescents’ CIU and perceived social support from three sources (parents, tea…
The Equality Paradox: Gender Equality Intensifies Male Advantages in Adolescent Subjective Well-Being
Individuals’ subjective well-being (SWB) is an important marker of development and social progress. As psychological health issues often begin during adolescence, understanding the factors that enhance SWB among adolescents is critical to devising preventive interventions. However, little is known about how institutional contexts contribute to adolescent SWB. Using Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 and 2018 data from 78 c…
Through the extended evolutionary meta-model, and what ACT found there: ACT as a process-based therapy
This article is part of a special issue in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science devoted to process-based therapy (PBT) or a process-based approach to therapy and the role it plays in harmonizing existing evidence-based treatments. In the present discussion, we focus on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and how it fits into the PBT framework. We describe how viewing ACT through a PBT framework and its organizing rubric-the extended e…
Truce: Outcomes and mechanisms of change of a seven-week acceptance and commitment therapy program for young people whose parent has cancer
Truce is an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group program for young people who have a parent with cancer. In a pragmatic controlled trial, we compared Truce with a wait-list condition to assess its effect on unmet needs and distress. We also investigated how process variables—mindfulness, cognitive inflexibility, family functioning, and life events—might influence outcomes. Participants' unmet needs improved over time (β^ = −5.01, SE = 16.48, p…
Testing the applicability of idionomic statistics in longitudinal studies: The example of ‘doing what matters’
This study evaluated idionomic methods for identifying within-person links between therapeutically relevant processes and outcomes, using an ecological momentary assessment dataset of valued action and hedonic well-being (participants (n) = 425; 71.76% female; age = M(SD) = 22.20 (6.85); sampling design: 3–4 prompts per day; total measurements (n) = 6456). We compared the idionomic approach, integrating idiographic and nomothetic insights, with t…
The compassion connection: Experience sampling insights into romantic attraction
Our study examines the relationship between self-compassion, other-compassion, and romantic attraction in couples, and questions the psychological homogeneity assumption—the idea that psychological responses are uniform across individuals and couples. We analyzed data from 161 participants in 84 couples, with an average age 32 (SD = 12.02), using smartphones for event sampling six times daily over a week to measure self-compassion, other-compassi…
Behaving versus thinking positively: When the benefits of cognitive reappraisal are contingent on satisfying basic psychological needs
Truce: Feasibility and acceptability of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention for adolescents and young adults impacted by parental cancer
Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory- Persian (MPFI-P): An extensive investigation of long and short versions in community and…
School socioeconomic status context and social adjustment in children
Social adjustment is critical to educational and occupational attainment. Yet little research has considered how the school's socioeconomic context is associated with social adjustment. In a longitudinal sample of Australian 4- to 8-year-olds ( N = 9369; 51% boys) we tested the association between school average socioeconomic status and social skills (parent and teacher reported). Models controlled for age 4 social adjustment and additional covar…
Understanding and Improving Emotion Regulation: Lessons from Psychological Science and the Humanities
Most psychology researchers define emotion regulation as manipulating the quality, duration, of intensity of emotions. This definition often assumes that the goal of life is to maximize positive emotions and minimize negative ones (hedonism). To understand the limitations of this definition, and the possibility of other definitions of emotion regulation, one must look to the humanities. Philosophy and research can be used to discuss the paradox o…
Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement
High school students’ tenacity and flexibility in goal pursuit linked to life satisfaction and achievement on competencies tests
Toward empirical process-based case conceptualization: An idionomic network examination of the process-based assessment tool
Developing an item pool to assess processes of change in psychological interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)
Images in International Relations: An Experimental Test of Cognitive Schemata
We build on the tradition of studying images in international relations by developing a theory of perceived relationships and their associated images. The psychological theory is connected to a set of assumptions drawn from international relations theory that suggest perceived strategic relationships can be conceived of as a function of perceived relative power, perceived culture, and the perceived threat or perceived opportunity that a subject b…
The link between perceived maternal and paternal autonomy support and adolescent well-being across three major educational transitions
To what extent does maternal and paternal autonomy support enhance well-being across the major transitions of high school? We tested the degree to which perceived autonomy supportive parenting facilitated positive changes in self-esteem and life satisfaction and buffered against negative changes in depressive symptoms and school related burnout in 3 Finnish longitudinal studies, each with a measurement point before and after a major transition (m…
A longitudinal person-centered perspective on youth social support: Relations with psychological wellbeing
Past research suggests that perceived social support from parents, teachers, and peers are all positively associated with wellbeing during adolescence. However, little longitudinal research has examined the implications of distinctive combinations of social support for developing adolescents. To address this limitation, we measured multiple dimensions of social support, psychological ill-health, and wellbeing in a sample of 2034 Australian adoles…
The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents’ school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study
The development of compulsive internet use and mental health: A four-year study of adolescence
Is compulsive Internet use (CIU) an antecedent to poor mental health, a consequence, or both? Study 1 used a longitudinal design to track the development of CIU and mental health in Grade 8 (N = 1030 males, 1038 females, Mage = 13.7), 9, 10, and 11. Study 2 extended Study 1 by examining the kinds of Internet behaviors most strongly associated with CIU within males and females. Structural equation modeling revealed that CIU predicted the developme…
Religious Values and the Development of Trait Hope and Self-Esteem in Adolescents
Many studies have noted significant relationships between religious sentiment and psychological adjustment, but few have been able to comment on the direction of influence. We assessed the relationships between religious values, self-esteem, and trait hope when participants were in grades 11 and 12. The variables showed moderate levels of rank-order stability. Structural equation modeling revealed that religious values in grade 11 did not predict…
Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents
Contextual Positive Psychology: Policy Recommendations for Implementing Positive Psychology into Schools
There has been a rapid growth in positive psychology, a research and intervention approach that focuses on promoting optimal functioning and well-being. Positive psychology interventions are now making their way into classrooms all over the world. However, positive psychology has been criticized for being decontextualized and coercive, and for putting an excessive emphasis on positive states, whilst failing to adequately consider negative experie…
Emotional expression, perceptions of therapy, and help-seeking intentions in men attending therapy services
Seventy-three men who were currently accessing or had recently accessed mental health services completed a questionnaire regarding their emotional expression, engagement in therapy, perceptions of treatment helpfulness, and future help-seeking intentions. Perceptions of treatment helpfulness were inversely predicted by alexithymia (mediated by bond) and restrictive emotionality, although these emotional expression variables were unrelated to futu…
Personality and religious values among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal analysis
Using three waves of data, we assessed the relationships between endorsement of religious values, some of the major personality dimensions, and social and emotional well-being amongst teenagers. Participants were 784 high school students at Time 1 (382 males and 394 females; 8 did not indicate their gender) and 563 provided data at each of Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3. We examined the impact of changes in (Eysenckian) psychoticism and conscientiousn…
Parental Authoritativeness, Social Support and Help-seeking for Mental Health Problems in Adolescents
Hope for the Future: Identifying the Individual Difference Characteristics of People Who Are Interested In and Intend To Foster-Care
High-quality foster placements can help a foster-child to thrive and can counter some of the risk factors normally associated with being a foster-child. Unfortunately, demand for foster-carers has been outstripping supply. The present study sought to identify the characteristics of people who have high potential to become a foster-carer. A large, representative sample from the general population (544 male; 544 female; Mage = 40.8; SD = 13) comple…
Heterogeneity Among Potential Foster Carers: An Investigation of Reasons for Not Foster Caring
Although Australia is experiencing a shortage of foster carers, there is currently little understanding of why people do not become carers. This study explores the reasons given for not fostering though a survey of 897 non carers. Results indicate that, at the aggregate level, people do not become carers because they do not know anything about fostering, or because they are busy with their own children, work, or commitments to family and friends.…
Reciprocal Relationships between Teacher Ratings of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors in Adolescents with Different Levels of Cognitive Abilities
Disadvantages of being an individualist in an individualistic culture: Idiocentrism, emotional competence, stress, and mental health
Based on past cross-cultural research, it was hypothesised that people who had strong individualistic values and beliefs within an individualistic culture would have smaller social support networks, lower emotional competence, lower intentions to seek help from a variety of sources, and poorer mental health. A total of 276 first-year students attending an Australian university completed an anonymous survey assessing individual differences in indi…
Perceived Parenting Styles and Values Development: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents and Emerging Adults
This study explored parenting styles and values internalization. Perceived parenting styles were measured in Grade 7 (n = 749) and Grade 12 (n = 468), and values were measured in Grade 12 (n = 271) and one year postschool (n = 291). We measured three aspects of valuing: priority (extrinsic, intrinsic importance); regulation (controlled, autonomous); and successful enactment of values (success). Mothers' authoritative parenting in Grade 7 predicte…
The science of attracting foster carers
Across the world the number of children needing a foster home is increasing; however, the number of individuals willing to foster a child is decreasing. It is therefore critical to gain insight into the barriers preventing people from fostering a child. Using data from a 2009 survey of 756 Australians, combinations of barriers are investigated by conducting a posteriori segmentation analysis within the market of potential foster carers. Four segm…
Is Self‐Compassion Selfish? The Development of Self‐Compassion, Empathy, and Prosocial Behavior in Adolescence
Both self-compassion and empathy have been theorized to promote prosociality in youth, but there is little longitudinal data examining this possibility. We assessed self-compassion, empathy, and peer-rated prosociality yearly, in a cohort of 2,078 youth across 17 schools (M age at T1 = 14.65 years; 49.2% female), as they progressed from Grade 9-12. We utilized multi-level modeling to predict prosocial behavior, nested within students, classes, an…
Is Belief in God Related to Differences in Adolescents' Psychological Functioning
Many studies have documented links between positive psychological functioning and religiousness during the adolescent years, but very few have contrasted religious and nonreligious youth. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in psychological functioning among adolescent atheists, agnostics, and believers using a profile analysis approach. The authors conducted a survey of Grade 8 students (N = 1,925) enrolled in Catholic sc…
A configural approach to aspirations: The social breadth of aspiration profiles predicts well-being over and above the intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations that comprise the profiles
), with Profile 3 reliably experiencing the highest well-being. To demonstrate the incremental value of our approach to more traditional variable-centered methods, we used profile membership to predict well-being while controlling for the aspirations that comprise the profiles. Even in these conservative tests, profile membership explained additional variance in well-being. However, the real-life significance of the size of the incremental value …
The longitudinal relationships between adolescent religious values and personality
On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient: Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits
Police officers are at particular risk of stress when compared to people in other occupational groups. A compounding factor is that police are prone to the use of avoidant coping strategies when attempting to deal with this stress. Evidence suggests that “anti-avoidance” strategies, of acceptance, mindfulness and emotional awareness, are more effective ways of coping, and are linked to both mental health and personal effectiveness. This study fol…
A longitudinal study into the link between adolescent personality and peer-rated likeability and adjustment: Evidence of gender differences
School socioeconomic status context and social adjustment in children
Social adjustment is critical to educational and occupational attainment. Yet little research has considered how the school's socioeconomic context is associated with social adjustment. In a longitudinal sample of Australian 4- to 8-year-olds ( N = 9369; 51% boys) we tested the association between school average socioeconomic status and social skills (parent and teacher reported). Models controlled for age 4 social adjustment and additional covar…
The role of achievement, gender, SES, location and policy in explaining the Indigenous gap in high‐school completion
Internationally, there is a gap in high‐school completion rates for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous students. In Australia, gap estimates are commonly based on lag indicators, precluding examination of underlying mechanisms. Using two longitudinal representative samples of Australian youth, we explored differences in high‐school completion between Australian Indigenous and non‐Indigenous rates, and whether the gap varies for students of similar aca…
Race and the representation of discourse: Fictitious scenarios and the O.J. Simpson case
This research was concerned with how race of actors in a text, race of participant, and race of experimenter are related to discourse processing. In Phase 1, participants read two texts and were asked inferential questions about the text contents. In Phase 2, extended discourse was studied, with participants indicating and defending judgments of O.J. Simpson's guilt or innocence, and rating the significance of Simpson case‐related statements. In …
Images in International Relations: An Experimental Test of Cognitive Schemata
We build on the tradition of studying images in international relations by developing a theory of perceived relationships and their associated images. The psychological theory is connected to a set of assumptions drawn from international relations theory that suggest perceived strategic relationships can be conceived of as a function of perceived relative power, perceived culture, and the perceived threat or perceived opportunity that a subject b…
A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct
The pleasure of possessions: Affective influences and personality in the evaluation of consumer items
The pleasure of possessions: Affective influences and personality in the evaluation of consumer items
What is the role of affect in the way people perceive and evaluate their material possessions? Participants induced to feel good or bad estimated the subjective and objective value of a number of consumer items they owned or wanted to own. Participants also completed the Openness to Feelings (OF) scale. As expected, mood had no effect on objective evaluations. However, we found a significant interaction between personality (OF) and mood on subjec…
Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health
Who Influence Men to Go to Therapy? Reports from Men Attending Psychological Services
Disadvantages of being an individualist in an individualistic culture: Idiocentrism, emotional competence, stress, and mental health
Based on past cross-cultural research, it was hypothesised that people who had strong individualistic values and beliefs within an individualistic culture would have smaller social support networks, lower emotional competence, lower intentions to seek help from a variety of sources, and poorer mental health. A total of 276 first-year students attending an Australian university completed an anonymous survey assessing individual differences in indi…
Young people’s help-seeking for mental health problems
This paper summarises an ambitious research agenda aiming to uncover the factors that affect help-seeking among young people for mental health problems. The research set out to consider why young people, and particularly young males, do not seek help when they are in psychological distress or suicidal; how professional services be made more accessible and attractive to young people; the factors that inhibit and facilitate help-seeking; and how co…
Adolescent peer crowd self-identification, attributional style and perceptions of parenting
This paper examines the relationships between self-identified crowd membership, attributional characteristics, and perceptions of parental style among students in their first year of high school (N = 893). The aim was to assess the extent to which group identity is reflected in self-reported characteristics. Most students self-identified either as studious, athletes, populars, rebels, or normals (N = 669) and also completed measures of perception…
Emotional expression, perceptions of therapy, and help-seeking intentions in men attending therapy services
Seventy-three men who were currently accessing or had recently accessed mental health services completed a questionnaire regarding their emotional expression, engagement in therapy, perceptions of treatment helpfulness, and future help-seeking intentions. Perceptions of treatment helpfulness were inversely predicted by alexithymia (mediated by bond) and restrictive emotionality, although these emotional expression variables were unrelated to futu…
The impact of hope, self-esteem, and attributional style on adolescents’ school grades and emotional well-being: A longitudinal study
Personality and religious values among adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal analysis
Using three waves of data, we assessed the relationships between endorsement of religious values, some of the major personality dimensions, and social and emotional well-being amongst teenagers. Participants were 784 high school students at Time 1 (382 males and 394 females; 8 did not indicate their gender) and 563 provided data at each of Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3. We examined the impact of changes in (Eysenckian) psychoticism and conscientiousn…
Substance abusers report being more alexithymic than others but do not show emotional processing deficits on a performance measure of alexithymia
Substance abusers report that they have deficits in emotional processing (â alexithymiaâ ; Taylor et al. ), but is their actual emotional processing performance actually deficient? The prevalence of self-reported alexithymia in a group of newly abstinent substance abusers (N = 40) was 50%, which is considerably higher than that found in normal and psychiatric outpatient samples. However, the actual performance of this group on a task that require…
A longitudinal study into the link between adolescent personality and peer-rated likeability and adjustment: Evidence of gender differences
Personality development at school: Assessing a reciprocal influence model of teachers’ evaluations and students’ personality
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Contemporary Theory, Research and Practice
On being mindful, emotionally aware, and more resilient: Longitudinal pilot study of police recruits
Police officers are at particular risk of stress when compared to people in other occupational groups. A compounding factor is that police are prone to the use of avoidant coping strategies when attempting to deal with this stress. Evidence suggests that “anti-avoidance” strategies, of acceptance, mindfulness and emotional awareness, are more effective ways of coping, and are linked to both mental health and personal effectiveness. This study fol…
Heterogeneity Among Potential Foster Carers: An Investigation of Reasons for Not Foster Caring
Although Australia is experiencing a shortage of foster carers, there is currently little understanding of why people do not become carers. This study explores the reasons given for not fostering though a survey of 897 non carers. Results indicate that, at the aggregate level, people do not become carers because they do not know anything about fostering, or because they are busy with their own children, work, or commitments to family and friends.…
The science of attracting foster carers
Across the world the number of children needing a foster home is increasing; however, the number of individuals willing to foster a child is decreasing. It is therefore critical to gain insight into the barriers preventing people from fostering a child. Using data from a 2009 survey of 756 Australians, combinations of barriers are investigated by conducting a posteriori segmentation analysis within the market of potential foster carers. Four segm…
Inflexible Parents, Inflexible Kids: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study of Parenting Style and the Development of Psychological Flexibility in Adolescents
Hope for the Future: Identifying the Individual Difference Characteristics of People Who Are Interested In and Intend To Foster-Care
High-quality foster placements can help a foster-child to thrive and can counter some of the risk factors normally associated with being a foster-child. Unfortunately, demand for foster-carers has been outstripping supply. The present study sought to identify the characteristics of people who have high potential to become a foster-carer. A large, representative sample from the general population (544 male; 544 female; Mage = 40.8; SD = 13) comple…
Religious Values and the Development of Trait Hope and Self-Esteem in Adolescents
Many studies have noted significant relationships between religious sentiment and psychological adjustment, but few have been able to comment on the direction of influence. We assessed the relationships between religious values, self-esteem, and trait hope when participants were in grades 11 and 12. The variables showed moderate levels of rank-order stability. Structural equation modeling revealed that religious values in grade 11 did not predict…
The longitudinal relationships between adolescent religious values and personality
Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and psychoticism: Distinctive influences of three personality dimensions in adolescence
Researchers have suggested that the psychoticism (P) personality dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire may be largely redundant with the agreeableness (A) and conscientiousness (C) constructs of the five-factor model. Little research has examined the distinctiveness of these constructs. We utilized a multi-wave, multi-method design to examine the ability of C, A, and P to uniquely predict a number of important outcomes amongst high s…
Psychology (71 works) · Social Psychology (56 works) · Developmental psychology (39 works) · Clinical Psychology (31 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Clinical Psychology (22 works) · Psychiatry (20 works) · Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development (19 works) · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction (18 works) · Medicine (17 works)