Asif Efrat
Biographic Data
| ID | 305701 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Asif Efrat |
| GIVEN NAMES | Asif |
| FAMILY NAME | Efrat |
| SIGNATURE | EFRAT A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Reichman University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8325-3932 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 75 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Conspiracy thinking and belief in partisan conspiracy theories
Various studies have shown that people's predisposition to believe in conspiracy theories, commonly referred to as “conspiracy thinking,” strongly predicts belief in a myriad of conspiracy theories. Research also shows that partisan affiliations shape conspiracy theory beliefs: people tend to embrace theories that portray their political opponents as conspirators, while rejecting those that implicate their side. In this paper, we theorize that on…
Polarized public agenda in times of crisis
Foreign Agents? Public Attitudes Toward Nongovernmental Organizations in a Backsliding Democracy
In a backsliding democracy, antidemocratic politicians often vilify nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and impose restrictions that make it harder for them to form, advocate, or obtain funding. Do citizens consider NGOs as a threat? Do they support regulatory measures to restrict NGO activities? We focus on two factors that may influence citizens’ attitudes toward NGOs: these groups’ reliance on foreign funding and their ideological leaning. In…
Do international rankings affect public opinion
International rankings push governments to adopt better policies by providing comparative information on states’ performance. How do citizens respond to this information? We answer this question through a preregistered survey experiment in Israel, testing the effect of rankings in the fields of human rights and the environment. We find that citizens respond to international rankings selectively. Informed about a high ranking given to their countr…
How to Handle Offending Troops Overseas
The peacetime deployment of U.S. forces in foreign countries goes against traditional notions of sovereignty. How did such deployment become legitimate following World War II? This article examines the legal strategy that the U.S. military employed to make American troop presence more palatable to foreign publics and to critics at home: granting certain legal authority over offending troops to host countries, while seeking to shield troops from t…
How Alive Is the Anti-Death Penalty Norm? Evidence from the British and French Treatment of Isis Foreign Fighters
This article enhances our understanding of international norms by developing a set of indicators to measure norm robustness at the domestic level. We apply these indicators to assess the robustness of the prohibition on the death penalty: a well-established international norm that terrorism-related cases have put to the test. In the United Kingdom, the government agreed to share information with the United States, possibly leading to the impositi…
Troop Crime in Peacetime
U.S. forces abroad have often faced complaints about crimes committed by troops, yet we lack systematic quantitative information on such crimes. Based on newly discovered data compiled by the Army, this article presents a comprehensive and detailed picture of American troops’ criminal activity worldwide during the Cold War (1954–1970). The data show that troops engaged in significant criminality, with a particularly high rate of violent crime—hom…
Facing US Extraterritorial Pressure
The United States often applies its laws to conduct or persons in foreign countries. How do these countries respond to US extraterritorial pressure? This study examines a central case of extraterritoriality: the protection of US troops from criminal justice in troop-hosting countries. I argue that greater security dependence on the United States brings hosts to comply with US pressure—when such compliance receives limited public attention. This a…
Defending core values
Are states willing to overlook human rights violations to reap the fruits of international cooperation? Existing research suggests that this is often the case: security, diplomatic, or commercial gains may trump human rights abuse by partners. We argue, however, that criminal-justice cooperation might be obstructed when it undermines core values of individual freedoms and human rights, since the breach of these values exposes the cooperating stat…
Assessing mutual trust among EU members
International cooperation on criminal justice requires mutual trust: a belief that the partner's legal system functions adequately and adheres to fundamental norms. The European Union builds its judicial-cooperation efforts on a presumption of mutual trust: EU members are assumed to trust each other's justice system since they share a commitment to human rights and the rule of law. Skeptics argue, however, that such trust does not really exist gi…
Value-free extradition? Human rights and the dilemma of surrendering wanted persons to China
A key tool for fighting crime, international extradition raises human rights concerns: The wanted person might suffer rights violations in the country to which he or she is extradited. How do countries balance the need to bring offenders to justice with the need to respect their rights? Conventional wisdom suggests that human rights concerns receive growing emphasis in extradition treaties, legislation, and case law. This article, however, shows …
Resisting cooperation against crime
Legal Traditions and Nonbinding Commitments
Non–legally binding agreements provide an important tool for establishing international cooperation. We know little, however, about the variation in the implementation of such agreements. This article identifies a major cause of this variation: legal tradition. Nonbinding agreements, which may be adapted to local needs and circumstances, are consistent with the gradual, organic evolution of common law; by contrast, they are an uneasy fit with the…
Deciding to Defer
The cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we devel…
Global Efforts against Human Trafficking
Human trafficking has been the subject of growing attention from both scholars and policymakers. The internationally accepted definition of human trafficking used by governments and international organizations identifies three purposes of trading in persons: sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and the removal of organs. I argue that conflating sex, labor, and organ trafficking in policy initiatives and in the scholarly literature overlooks m…
Babies across Borders
This article analyzes the determinants of international child adoption. We argue that prospective parents' desire to reduce transaction costs and ensure a successfully completed adoption influences adoption flows. Drawing on dyadic panel data over the period 1991–2010, we fit hurdle models to identify sending-country and dyad characteristics that correlate with adoption flows. We show that an international agreement designed to ensure the integri…
Professional socialization and international norms
The concept of state socialization has been fundamental to the analysis of international norm dynamics. I argue that the establishment and spread of international norms may require the socialization not only of states, but also of non-state communities: through socialization, these communities move toward establishing the shared norms that are the foundation for their influence on states. Specifically, the article highlights socialization among p…
Cross-National Interviewing at International Conferences
International conferences can be highly efficient venues for collecting cross-national data. Such conferences offer the opportunity to meet and interview government officials and other elites from numerous countries worldwide, all at a single location and within a few days. The article encourages IR scholars to take advantage of this underutilized opportunity and provides advice for doing so
Combating The Kidney Commerce
Can civil society bring governments to curb transnational crime? The article answers this question by analysing a most-likely case for civil-society influence: organ trafficking. Physicians’ efforts to eliminate this practice are examined in Pakistan and Israel: two major participants in the global organ trade. In both countries, the physicians’ pressure resulted in the enactment of organ-trade prohibitions. These, however, were not fully enforce…
Toward Internationally Regulated Goods
Contrary to the general trend of trade liberalization, specific goods—such as small arms, drugs, and antiquities—have come under increasing international control in recent decades through a set of international regulatory agreements. This article offers a theoretical framework of government preferences on the international regulation of these goods. Departing from conventional models of trade policy, the theoretical framework introduces negative …
Deciding to Defer
The cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we devel…
Toward Internationally Regulated Goods
Contrary to the general trend of trade liberalization, specific goods—such as small arms, drugs, and antiquities—have come under increasing international control in recent decades through a set of international regulatory agreements. This article offers a theoretical framework of government preferences on the international regulation of these goods. Departing from conventional models of trade policy, the theoretical framework introduces negative …
Babies across Borders
This article analyzes the determinants of international child adoption. We argue that prospective parents' desire to reduce transaction costs and ensure a successfully completed adoption influences adoption flows. Drawing on dyadic panel data over the period 1991–2010, we fit hurdle models to identify sending-country and dyad characteristics that correlate with adoption flows. We show that an international agreement designed to ensure the integri…
Facing US Extraterritorial Pressure
The United States often applies its laws to conduct or persons in foreign countries. How do these countries respond to US extraterritorial pressure? This study examines a central case of extraterritoriality: the protection of US troops from criminal justice in troop-hosting countries. I argue that greater security dependence on the United States brings hosts to comply with US pressure—when such compliance receives limited public attention. This a…
Legal Traditions and Nonbinding Commitments
Non–legally binding agreements provide an important tool for establishing international cooperation. We know little, however, about the variation in the implementation of such agreements. This article identifies a major cause of this variation: legal tradition. Nonbinding agreements, which may be adapted to local needs and circumstances, are consistent with the gradual, organic evolution of common law; by contrast, they are an uneasy fit with the…
Value-free extradition? Human rights and the dilemma of surrendering wanted persons to China
A key tool for fighting crime, international extradition raises human rights concerns: The wanted person might suffer rights violations in the country to which he or she is extradited. How do countries balance the need to bring offenders to justice with the need to respect their rights? Conventional wisdom suggests that human rights concerns receive growing emphasis in extradition treaties, legislation, and case law. This article, however, shows …
Resisting cooperation against crime
Global Efforts against Human Trafficking
Human trafficking has been the subject of growing attention from both scholars and policymakers. The internationally accepted definition of human trafficking used by governments and international organizations identifies three purposes of trading in persons: sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and the removal of organs. I argue that conflating sex, labor, and organ trafficking in policy initiatives and in the scholarly literature overlooks m…
Foreign Agents? Public Attitudes Toward Nongovernmental Organizations in a Backsliding Democracy
In a backsliding democracy, antidemocratic politicians often vilify nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and impose restrictions that make it harder for them to form, advocate, or obtain funding. Do citizens consider NGOs as a threat? Do they support regulatory measures to restrict NGO activities? We focus on two factors that may influence citizens’ attitudes toward NGOs: these groups’ reliance on foreign funding and their ideological leaning. In…
Defending core values
Are states willing to overlook human rights violations to reap the fruits of international cooperation? Existing research suggests that this is often the case: security, diplomatic, or commercial gains may trump human rights abuse by partners. We argue, however, that criminal-justice cooperation might be obstructed when it undermines core values of individual freedoms and human rights, since the breach of these values exposes the cooperating stat…
Professional socialization and international norms
The concept of state socialization has been fundamental to the analysis of international norm dynamics. I argue that the establishment and spread of international norms may require the socialization not only of states, but also of non-state communities: through socialization, these communities move toward establishing the shared norms that are the foundation for their influence on states. Specifically, the article highlights socialization among p…
Do international rankings affect public opinion
International rankings push governments to adopt better policies by providing comparative information on states’ performance. How do citizens respond to this information? We answer this question through a preregistered survey experiment in Israel, testing the effect of rankings in the fields of human rights and the environment. We find that citizens respond to international rankings selectively. Informed about a high ranking given to their countr…
Assessing mutual trust among EU members
International cooperation on criminal justice requires mutual trust: a belief that the partner's legal system functions adequately and adheres to fundamental norms. The European Union builds its judicial-cooperation efforts on a presumption of mutual trust: EU members are assumed to trust each other's justice system since they share a commitment to human rights and the rule of law. Skeptics argue, however, that such trust does not really exist gi…
Cross-National Interviewing at International Conferences
International conferences can be highly efficient venues for collecting cross-national data. Such conferences offer the opportunity to meet and interview government officials and other elites from numerous countries worldwide, all at a single location and within a few days. The article encourages IR scholars to take advantage of this underutilized opportunity and provides advice for doing so
Combating The Kidney Commerce
Can civil society bring governments to curb transnational crime? The article answers this question by analysing a most-likely case for civil-society influence: organ trafficking. Physicians’ efforts to eliminate this practice are examined in Pakistan and Israel: two major participants in the global organ trade. In both countries, the physicians’ pressure resulted in the enactment of organ-trade prohibitions. These, however, were not fully enforce…
Polarized public agenda in times of crisis
Troop Crime in Peacetime
U.S. forces abroad have often faced complaints about crimes committed by troops, yet we lack systematic quantitative information on such crimes. Based on newly discovered data compiled by the Army, this article presents a comprehensive and detailed picture of American troops’ criminal activity worldwide during the Cold War (1954–1970). The data show that troops engaged in significant criminality, with a particularly high rate of violent crime—hom…
Toward Internationally Regulated Goods
Contrary to the general trend of trade liberalization, specific goods—such as small arms, drugs, and antiquities—have come under increasing international control in recent decades through a set of international regulatory agreements. This article offers a theoretical framework of government preferences on the international regulation of these goods. Departing from conventional models of trade policy, the theoretical framework introduces negative …
Cross-National Interviewing at International Conferences
International conferences can be highly efficient venues for collecting cross-national data. Such conferences offer the opportunity to meet and interview government officials and other elites from numerous countries worldwide, all at a single location and within a few days. The article encourages IR scholars to take advantage of this underutilized opportunity and provides advice for doing so
Combating The Kidney Commerce
Can civil society bring governments to curb transnational crime? The article answers this question by analysing a most-likely case for civil-society influence: organ trafficking. Physicians’ efforts to eliminate this practice are examined in Pakistan and Israel: two major participants in the global organ trade. In both countries, the physicians’ pressure resulted in the enactment of organ-trade prohibitions. These, however, were not fully enforce…
Global Efforts against Human Trafficking
Human trafficking has been the subject of growing attention from both scholars and policymakers. The internationally accepted definition of human trafficking used by governments and international organizations identifies three purposes of trading in persons: sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, and the removal of organs. I argue that conflating sex, labor, and organ trafficking in policy initiatives and in the scholarly literature overlooks m…
Babies across Borders
This article analyzes the determinants of international child adoption. We argue that prospective parents' desire to reduce transaction costs and ensure a successfully completed adoption influences adoption flows. Drawing on dyadic panel data over the period 1991–2010, we fit hurdle models to identify sending-country and dyad characteristics that correlate with adoption flows. We show that an international agreement designed to ensure the integri…
Professional socialization and international norms
The concept of state socialization has been fundamental to the analysis of international norm dynamics. I argue that the establishment and spread of international norms may require the socialization not only of states, but also of non-state communities: through socialization, these communities move toward establishing the shared norms that are the foundation for their influence on states. Specifically, the article highlights socialization among p…
Legal Traditions and Nonbinding Commitments
Non–legally binding agreements provide an important tool for establishing international cooperation. We know little, however, about the variation in the implementation of such agreements. This article identifies a major cause of this variation: legal tradition. Nonbinding agreements, which may be adapted to local needs and circumstances, are consistent with the gradual, organic evolution of common law; by contrast, they are an uneasy fit with the…
Deciding to Defer
The cross-border movement of people, goods, and information frequently results in legal disputes that come under the jurisdiction of multiple states. The principle of deference—acceptance of another state's exercise of legal authority—is one mechanism to manage such jurisdictional conflicts. Despite the importance of deference in international law and cooperation, little is known about the causes of variation in its use. In this article, we devel…
Resisting cooperation against crime
Value-free extradition? Human rights and the dilemma of surrendering wanted persons to China
A key tool for fighting crime, international extradition raises human rights concerns: The wanted person might suffer rights violations in the country to which he or she is extradited. How do countries balance the need to bring offenders to justice with the need to respect their rights? Conventional wisdom suggests that human rights concerns receive growing emphasis in extradition treaties, legislation, and case law. This article, however, shows …
Assessing mutual trust among EU members
International cooperation on criminal justice requires mutual trust: a belief that the partner's legal system functions adequately and adheres to fundamental norms. The European Union builds its judicial-cooperation efforts on a presumption of mutual trust: EU members are assumed to trust each other's justice system since they share a commitment to human rights and the rule of law. Skeptics argue, however, that such trust does not really exist gi…
Defending core values
Are states willing to overlook human rights violations to reap the fruits of international cooperation? Existing research suggests that this is often the case: security, diplomatic, or commercial gains may trump human rights abuse by partners. We argue, however, that criminal-justice cooperation might be obstructed when it undermines core values of individual freedoms and human rights, since the breach of these values exposes the cooperating stat…
How Alive Is the Anti-Death Penalty Norm? Evidence from the British and French Treatment of Isis Foreign Fighters
This article enhances our understanding of international norms by developing a set of indicators to measure norm robustness at the domestic level. We apply these indicators to assess the robustness of the prohibition on the death penalty: a well-established international norm that terrorism-related cases have put to the test. In the United Kingdom, the government agreed to share information with the United States, possibly leading to the impositi…
Troop Crime in Peacetime
U.S. forces abroad have often faced complaints about crimes committed by troops, yet we lack systematic quantitative information on such crimes. Based on newly discovered data compiled by the Army, this article presents a comprehensive and detailed picture of American troops’ criminal activity worldwide during the Cold War (1954–1970). The data show that troops engaged in significant criminality, with a particularly high rate of violent crime—hom…
Facing US Extraterritorial Pressure
The United States often applies its laws to conduct or persons in foreign countries. How do these countries respond to US extraterritorial pressure? This study examines a central case of extraterritoriality: the protection of US troops from criminal justice in troop-hosting countries. I argue that greater security dependence on the United States brings hosts to comply with US pressure—when such compliance receives limited public attention. This a…
How to Handle Offending Troops Overseas
The peacetime deployment of U.S. forces in foreign countries goes against traditional notions of sovereignty. How did such deployment become legitimate following World War II? This article examines the legal strategy that the U.S. military employed to make American troop presence more palatable to foreign publics and to critics at home: granting certain legal authority over offending troops to host countries, while seeking to shield troops from t…
Do international rankings affect public opinion
International rankings push governments to adopt better policies by providing comparative information on states’ performance. How do citizens respond to this information? We answer this question through a preregistered survey experiment in Israel, testing the effect of rankings in the fields of human rights and the environment. We find that citizens respond to international rankings selectively. Informed about a high ranking given to their countr…
Foreign Agents? Public Attitudes Toward Nongovernmental Organizations in a Backsliding Democracy
In a backsliding democracy, antidemocratic politicians often vilify nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and impose restrictions that make it harder for them to form, advocate, or obtain funding. Do citizens consider NGOs as a threat? Do they support regulatory measures to restrict NGO activities? We focus on two factors that may influence citizens’ attitudes toward NGOs: these groups’ reliance on foreign funding and their ideological leaning. In…
Conspiracy thinking and belief in partisan conspiracy theories
Various studies have shown that people's predisposition to believe in conspiracy theories, commonly referred to as “conspiracy thinking,” strongly predicts belief in a myriad of conspiracy theories. Research also shows that partisan affiliations shape conspiracy theory beliefs: people tend to embrace theories that portray their political opponents as conspirators, while rejecting those that implicate their side. In this paper, we theorize that on…
Polarized public agenda in times of crisis
Political science (17 works) · Law (16 works) · Law (13 works) · Politics (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Economics (6 works) · Criminology (5 works) · European Criminal Justice and Data Protection (4 works) · Law and economics (4 works) · Business (3 works)