Janet Cade
Biographic Data
| ID | 3576300 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Janet Cade |
| GIVEN NAMES | Janet |
| FAMILY NAME | Cade |
| SIGNATURE | CADE J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Leeds |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3421-0121 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 74 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 91 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 74 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1990 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Evaluation of the school-based ‘PhunkyFoods’ intervention: A cluster randomised controlled trial in the UK
Objective: We evaluated the impact of an established nutrition education intervention, ‘PhunkyFoods’ on food literacy, cooking skills and fruit and vegetable intake in primary school aged children. Design: A pre-registered cluster randomised controlled trial was used; the intervention group received the ‘PhunkyFoods’ programme and the wait-list control group received the usual school curriculum. Primary outcomes measured were differences in food …
Indigenous knowledge and leadership for climate change adaptation in nutrition
Nutrient intake and risk of multimorbidity: A prospective cohort study of 25,389 women
Our findings highlight a link between nutrient intake and multimorbidity risk. However, there is uncertainty in our results, and more research is needed before definite conclusions can be reached
Methods and participant characteristics in the Cancer Risk in Vegetarians Consortium: A cross-sectional analysis across 11 prospective studies
Food intakes and lifestyle factors of both non-vegetarians and vegetarians varied markedly across the individual cohorts, which may be due to differences in both culture and socioeconomic status, as well as differences in questionnaire design. Therefore, care is needed in the interpretation of the impacts of vegetarian diets on cancer risk
Adherence to the national guidance on foods and drinks to limit or avoid during pregnancy in England: The Pear Study
Objective: The National Health Service (NHS) England website provides guidance on foods/drinks to avoid or limit during pregnancy because of microbiological, toxicological or teratogenic hazards. The aims were to determine adherence and whether demographic characteristics were associated with adherence. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Online survey of postpartum women resident in England during pregnancy. Participants: Recently, postpartu…
First foods in a packaged world: Results from the Commit consortium to protect young child diets in Southeast Asia
Although commercially produced complementary foods (CPCFs) are increasingly sold throughout Southeast Asia, concerns have been raised about CPCFs nutritional quality, labelling practices and the strength and scope of national CPCF regulations. The Consortium for Improving Complementary Foods in Southeast Asia (COMMIT), composed of UN agencies and civil society organizations, was formed to assess the nutrient gap in the diets of young children and…
Socio-economic and environmental factors affecting breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices among Batwa and Bakiga communities in south-western Uganda
Improving breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices is needed to support good health, enhance child growth, and reduce child mortality. Limited evidence is available on child feeding among Indigenous communities and in the context of environmental changes. We investigate past and present breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices within Indigenous Batwa and neighbouring Bakiga populations in south-western Uganda. Specifically, we d…
Developing an online food composition database for an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda
Objective: To develop an online food composition database of locally consumed foods among an Indigenous population in south-western Uganda. Design: Using a community-based approach and collaboration with local nutritionists, we collected a list of foods for inclusion in the database through focus group discussions, an individual dietary survey and markets and shops assessment. The food database was then created using seven steps: identification o…
High sugar content of European commercial baby foods and proposed updates to existing recommendations
The aim was to determine whether commercial baby foods marketed within Europe (up to 36 months of age) have inappropriate formulation and high sugar content and to provide suggestions to update European regulations and recommendations as part of a nutrient profile model developed for this age group. The latter was produced following recommended World Health Organization (WHO) steps, including undertaking a rapid literature review. Packaging infor…
Dietary assessment toolkits: An overview
Objective A wide variety of methods are available to assess dietary intake, each one with different strengths and weaknesses. Researchers face multiple challenges when diet and nutrition need to be accurately assessed, particularly in the selection of the most appropriate dietary assessment method for their study. The goal of the current collaborative work is to present a collection of available resources for dietary assessment implementation. De…
Comparison of consumed portion sizes and on-pack serving sizes of UK energy dense foods
Before the beginning: Nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health
Comparison of high and low trans-fatty acid consumers: Analyses of UK National Diet and Nutrition Surveys before and after product reformulation
Objective The WHO encourages the virtual elimination of artificial trans -fatty acids (TFA), which increase CHD risk. Our UK analysis explores whether voluntary reformulation results in differential TFA intakes among socio-economic groups by determining characteristics of high TFA consumers before and after product reformulation. Design Food intake was collected by 7d weighed records pre-reformulation and 4d diaries post-reformulation. Sociodemog…
Dietary intake and age at natural menopause: Results from the UK Women’s Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: Age at natural menopause is a matter of concern for women of reproductive age as both an early or late menopause may have implications for health outcomes. METHODS: Study participants were women aged 40-65 years who had experienced a natural menopause from the UK Women's Cohort Study between baseline and first follow-up. Natural menopause was defined as the permanent cessation of menstrual periods for at least 12 consecutive months. A…
A cross-sectional assessment of food- and nutrient-based standards applied to British schoolchildren’s packed lunches
Objective In England, standards for school meals included both foods and nutrients until 2015. School policies for packed lunches are generally food based; research is needed to determine whether these are adequate or whether a small number of nutrients would potentially improve their quality. Design From dietary data obtained using a weighed dietary assessment tool, a diet quality score (DQS) for packed lunches was calculated using the number of…
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the Ministry of Food cooking programme on self-reported food consumption and confidence with cooking
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the Ministry of Food (MoF) cooking programme on self-reported food consumption and confidence with cooking. Design A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the MoF 8-week cooking course, using a pre-test/post-test study. Pre, post and 6-month follow-up quantitative outcomes were measured using self-administered questionnaires to record number of portions of fruit and vegetables (F&V) consumed per day…
Can a dietary quality score derived from a short-form FFQ assess dietary quality in UK adult population surveys
Objective To devise a measure of diet quality from a short-form FFQ (SFFFQ) for population surveys. To validate the SFFFQ against an extensive FFQ and a 24 h diet recall. Design Population-based cross-sectional survey. Setting East Leeds and Bolton in Northern England. Subjects Adults ( n 1999) were randomly selected from lists of those registered with a general practitioner in the study areas, contacted by mail and asked to complete the SFFFQ. R…
Impact of school lunch type on nutritional quality of English children’s diets
Objective Nutrient and food standards exist for school lunches in English primary schools although packed lunches brought from home are not regulated. The aim of the present study was to determine nutritional and dietary differences by lunch type. Design A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2007 assessing diet using the Child and Diet Evaluation Tool (CADET), a validated 24 h estimated food diary. The data were analysed to determine nutrit…
A cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a childhood obesity prevention programme delivered through schools, targeting 6–7 year old children: The Wav…
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN97000586 (registered May 2010)
The monetary value of diets consumed by British adults: An exploration into sociodemographic differences in individual-level diet costs
Objective To describe the diet costs of adults in the National Diet and Nutrition Study (NDNS) and explore patterns in costs according to sociodemographic indicators. Design Cross-sectional diet diary information was matched to a database of food prices to assign a cost to each food or non-alcoholic beverage consumed. Daily diet costs were calculated, as well as costs per 10 MJ to improve comparability across differing energy requirements. Costs …
Evaluation of the impact of school gardening interventions on children's knowledge of and attitudes towards fruit and vegetables. A cluster randomised controlled trial
What is the cost of a healthy diet? Using diet data from the UK Women's Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is important to promote health and well-being while preventing chronic disease. However, the monetary cost of consuming such a diet can be a perceived barrier. This study will investigate the cost of consuming a range of dietary patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, where cost of diet was assigned to dietary intakes recorded using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A mean daily diet cost was calculated for seven d…
Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from a British cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intake before and during pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age and to examine the effect of timing of exposure. METHODS: A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of 1303 pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before preg…
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Objective The present study aimed to determine whether a multi-component school-based intervention can maintain children's fruit and vegetable intake post eligibility for free school fruit and vegetables. Design A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools was randomised to receive the 10-month intervention Project Tomato, a multi-component theory-based intervention, or the control. Each group consisted of twenty-seven schools. Setting C…
Family meals can help children reach their 5 A Day: A cross-sectional survey of children's dietary intake from London primary schools
BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore how the home food environment and parental attitudes and values affect children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. METHODS: The sample consists of 2383 children with a mean age of 8.3 years (95% CI 8.2 to 8.3) attending 52 primary schools in London. These children are taking part in two randomised controlled trials to evaluate a school gardening programme. Diet was assessed using a validated 24-h food tick …
Why do women use dietary supplements? The use of the theory of planned behaviour to explore beliefs about their use
What is the cost of a healthy diet? Using diet data from the UK Women's Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: A healthy diet is important to promote health and well-being while preventing chronic disease. However, the monetary cost of consuming such a diet can be a perceived barrier. This study will investigate the cost of consuming a range of dietary patterns. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis, where cost of diet was assigned to dietary intakes recorded using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. A mean daily diet cost was calculated for seven d…
Use of supermarket receipts to estimate energy and fat content of food purchased by lean and overweight families
Does the school fruit and vegetable scheme improve children’s diet? A non-randomised controlled trial
Objective: Evaluation of the impact on diet of the school fruit and vegetable scheme (SFVS). Design: Non-randomised controlled trial. Setting: Infant and primary schools in the north of England. Participants: 3703 children aged four to six years (reception, year 1, and year 2). Intervention: One portion of fruit or vegetable provided per child on each school day between February and December 2004. Main outcome measures: Fruit and vegetables consu…
Micro‐level analysis of childhood obesity, diet, physical activity, residential socioeconomic and social capital variables: Where are the obesogenic environments in Leeds
This paper describes global (whole of Leeds) and local (super output area) analyses of the relationship between childhood obesity and many ‘obesogenic environment’ variables, such as deprivation, urbanisation, access to local amenities, and perceived local safety, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviours. The analyses identify the covariates with the strongest relationships with obesity, and highlight variation in these relationships a…
Maternal alcohol intake prior to and during pregnancy and risk of adverse birth outcomes: Evidence from a British cohort
BACKGROUND: Evidence is conflicting regarding the relationship between low maternal alcohol consumption and birth outcomes. This paper aimed to investigate the association between alcohol intake before and during pregnancy with birth weight and gestational age and to examine the effect of timing of exposure. METHODS: A prospective cohort in Leeds, UK, of 1303 pregnant women aged 18-45 years. Questionnaires assessed alcohol consumption before preg…
A cross-sectional survey of children's packed lunches in the UK: Food- and nutrient-based results
BACKGROUND: Standards for school meals were recently introduced in the UK; however, no such standards exist for packed lunches. This study measures the provision and consumption of a range of food types and nutrients in British children's packed lunches and compares the results with the prevailing school meal standards in England. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from 1294 children, age 8-9 years, attending 89 British primary sc…
The neighbourhood matters: Studying exposures relevant to childhood obesity and the policy implications in Leeds, UK
BACKGROUND: Reducing childhood obesity is a key UK government target. Obesogenic environments are one of the major explanations for the rising prevalence and thus a constructive focus for preventive strategies. Spatial analysis techniques are used to provide more information about obesity at the neighbourhood level in order to help to shape local obesity-prevention policies. METHODS: Childhood obesity was defined by body mass index, using cross-s…
Relationship between diet and smoking--is the diet of smokers different
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to compare nutrient intakes of smokers, past smokers, and non-smokers. DESIGN--The study was cross sectional and compared nutrient intake by smoking status using data obtained from a concurrent study of diet. SETTING--The study took place in three towns in England: Ipswich, Wakefield, and Stoke on Trent. PARTICIPANTS--Food records were obtained from 1115 men and 1225 women aged 35 to 54 years, representing response ra…
Family meals can help children reach their 5 A Day: A cross-sectional survey of children's dietary intake from London primary schools
BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore how the home food environment and parental attitudes and values affect children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. METHODS: The sample consists of 2383 children with a mean age of 8.3 years (95% CI 8.2 to 8.3) attending 52 primary schools in London. These children are taking part in two randomised controlled trials to evaluate a school gardening programme. Diet was assessed using a validated 24-h food tick …
Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
SMART lunch box intervention to improve the food and nutrient content of children's packed lunches: UK wide cluster randomised controlled trial
BACKGROUND: Government standards are now in place for children's school meals but not for lunches prepared at home. The aim of this trial is to improve the content of children's packed lunches. METHODS: A cluster randomised controlled trial in 89 primary schools across the UK involving 1291 children, age 8-9 years at baseline. Follow-up was 12 months after baseline. A "SMART" lunch box intervention programme consisted of food boxes, bag and suppo…
Public perception of a range of potential food risks in the United Kingdom
Case-control study of breast cancer in south east England: Nutritional factors
OBJECTIVES: To explore dietary risk factors, in particular fat intake, for breast cancer, using an approach to reduce recall bias of subjects and so provide a more reliable estimate of dietary intake than previous similar studies. DESIGN: A case-control study of women aged 50-65 years attending the breast assessment clinics of the breast screening programme in Southampton and Portsmouth, southern England. Data were analysed for all women requirin…
Risk factor analysis of data from assessment clinics in the UK breast screening programme: A case-control study in Portsmouth and Southampton
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim was to quantify the influence of demographic and reproductive factors on breast cancer. The subjects' path through the screening clinic, the inherent differences between the control groups, and the possible biases when using screening programmes were also considered. DESIGN: A case-control study using both personal contact and postal questionnaires to gather demographic and reproductive information. SETTING: Women attend…
Society for Social Medicine
Relationship between diet and smoking--is the diet of smokers different
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to compare nutrient intakes of smokers, past smokers, and non-smokers. DESIGN--The study was cross sectional and compared nutrient intake by smoking status using data obtained from a concurrent study of diet. SETTING--The study took place in three towns in England: Ipswich, Wakefield, and Stoke on Trent. PARTICIPANTS--Food records were obtained from 1115 men and 1225 women aged 35 to 54 years, representing response ra…
Anthropometry: The individual and the population
The book is part of a European funded project, which has the supporting cooperation betw European researchers. A first b published, presented studies frc pean countries in a standard i second book includes five ne analyses, but has eight papc methodological problems, poter tions of inequalities, and the pc tions of studies. A valuable European dimen vided to the debate on health ir Britain. Two important report lished in 1995. The first, Tacklit …
Risk factor analysis of data from assessment clinics in the UK breast screening programme: A case-control study in Portsmouth and Southampton
STUDY OBJECTIVES: The aim was to quantify the influence of demographic and reproductive factors on breast cancer. The subjects' path through the screening clinic, the inherent differences between the control groups, and the possible biases when using screening programmes were also considered. DESIGN: A case-control study using both personal contact and postal questionnaires to gather demographic and reproductive information. SETTING: Women attend…
Diet and Cancer: Markers, Prevention and Treatment
Case-control study of breast cancer in south east England: Nutritional factors
OBJECTIVES: To explore dietary risk factors, in particular fat intake, for breast cancer, using an approach to reduce recall bias of subjects and so provide a more reliable estimate of dietary intake than previous similar studies. DESIGN: A case-control study of women aged 50-65 years attending the breast assessment clinics of the breast screening programme in Southampton and Portsmouth, southern England. Data were analysed for all women requirin…
Costs of a healthy diet: Analysis from the UK Women's Cohort Study
Objective: To investigate the direct and indirect cost differences associated with eating a ‘healthy’ or ‘unhealthy’ diet. Design: Analysis of data from a baseline postal questionnaire for the UK Women's Cohort Study, including a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), supplemented by a telephone interview on a sub-sample. Subjects: The first 15 191 women who responded to the questionnaire, aged 35–69 years with similar numbers of meat eater…
Diet and lifestyle characteristics associated with dietary supplement use in women
Objectives: To describe the characteristics of dietary supplement users in a large cohort of women and test the hypothesis that supplement users would be more likely to have a healthier lifestyle than non-users. Design: Comparison of nutrient intakes from food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data for 8409 supplement users and 5413 non-users. Use of logistic regression modelling to determine predictors of supplement use in this cohort. Subjects: 13,…
Nutrient intake trends among African-Caribbeans in Britain: A migrant population and its second generation
Objective: To explore British African-Caribbean (AfC) nutrient intake by migration status (place of birth), diet (traditional Caribbean or more European) and age and relate this ecologically to coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Inner-city Manchester, UK. Subjects: Two hundred and fifty-five adults of AfC origin aged 25–79 years, randomly sampled from population registers. Results: Caribbean-born peopl…
Reproducibility and validity of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire among Jamaicans of African origin
Background: An interviewer-administered quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to determine the energy and nutrient intakes of adult Jamaicans of African origin as part of a study of the epidemiology of diabetes and hypertension. Methods: Reproducibility of the questionnaire was investigated in 123 participants aged 25–74 years. The relative validity of the FFQ was assessed against twelve 24-hour recalls administered over 1…
Habitual diet in four populations of African origin: A descriptive paper on nutrient intakes in rural and urban Cameroon, Jamaica and Caribbean migrants in Britain
Background: The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing in West Africa, the Caribbean and its migrants to Britain. This trend may be due to the transition in the habitual diet, with increasing (saturated) fat and decreasing fruit and vegetable intakes, both within and between countries. Objective: We have tested this hypothesis by comparing habitual diet in four African-origin populations with a similar genetic background at different stages…
The use of supermarket till receipts to determine the fat and energy intake in a UK population
Objectives: To validate the use of supermarket receipts as an index of fat and energy intake in a population that buys most of its food from supermarkets. Design: Cross-sectional, prospective dietary survey – feasibility study. Setting: Households situated within a 20-mile radius of a large (Tesco) supermarket in Leeds. Subjects: Two hundred and fourteen households who spend ≥=60% of their food purse in (Tesco and other) supermarkets. Results: Me…
Lifestyle factors affecting fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Why do women use dietary supplements? The use of the theory of planned behaviour to explore beliefs about their use
Factors affecting food choice in relation to fruit and vegetable intake: A review
The present review provides an investigation into the food choice decisions made by individuals in relation to fruit and vegetable consumption. A comprehensive body of evidence now exists concerning the protective effect of fruit and vegetables against a number of diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease and certain forms of cancer. Current UK recommendations are to increase intakes of fruit and vegetables to 400 g/person per d. In the main …
Motivations for fruit and vegetable consumption in the UK Women's Cohort Study
Background: Despite recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable consumption within the UK population, intakes are still too low. In order to stimulate dietary behaviour change the determinants of food choice need to be explored. Objectives: To investigate how the priorities of high consumers of fruit and vegetables differ from those of low consumers, with respect to food choice motivations, and to identify what value high and low consumers pl…
Stakeholder interactions and the development of functional foods
Objective: This paper investigates the roles of the individual stakeholders involved in the development of functional foods and the implications of their actions for public perception of this new food concept. Results: At a time when consumer awareness of the link between diet and health is strong, a new food concept incorporating of a wide spectrum of foods has captured the imagination of the food industry and consumers alike. Functional foods p…
Development, validation and utilisation of food-frequency questionnaires – a review
Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide guidance on the development, validation and use of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) for different study designs. It does not include any recommendations about the most appropriate method for dietary assessment (e.g. food-frequency questionnaire versus weighed record). Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was carried out for publications from 1980 to 1999. Findings from the…
Public perception of a range of potential food risks in the United Kingdom
The influence of dietary intake on the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system across three ethnic groups: A population-based study
Objective: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Since dietary factors and ethnicity are considered contributory to the development of these diseases, we examined the IGF system in relation to nutritional intake by ethnic group. Design, subjects and setting: Dietary intake in 257 subjects of White European, African-Caribbean and Pakistani ethnic ori…
Use of supermarket receipts to estimate energy and fat content of food purchased by lean and overweight families
Food-frequency questionnaires: A review of their design, validation and utilisation
A review of the literature concerning the design, utilisation and validation of food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) has been carried out using a semi-systematic approach to obtaining, reviewing and extracting data from articles. Databases were searched from 1980 to 1999. The present review identified 227 validation (from 1980 to September 1999) and 164 utilisation (for 1998 only) studies. A number of design issues have been evaluated through the …
The UK Women's Cohort Study: Comparison of vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters
Background: This paper describes the development of the UK Women's Cohort Study and presents cohort baseline characteristics. Methods: In total, 35 372 women, aged 35–69 years at recruitment, were selected to ensure a wide range of dietary intakes. Diet was assessed by a 217-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Detailed lifestyle information was collected by postal questionnaire. Vegetarians, fish-eaters and meat-eaters were compared. Results…
Fruit and vegetable intakes in a sample of pre-school children participating in the ‘Five for All’ project in Bradford
Background Longitudinal research has shown that eating fruit and vegetables during childhood has a positive impact on long-term health outcome from heart disease and asthma. However, recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes in pre-school children are not as explicit as those for adults and few data exist on actual intakes of fruit and vegetables in this particular age group. Aims To describe fruit and vegetable intakes in the daily diets o…
Assessment of diet in young children with an emphasis on fruit and vegetable intake: Using Cadet – Child and Diet Evaluation Tool
Objectives To develop a concise, simple tool for use by non-specialists to assess diet in children aged 3–7 years attending primary schools. Design A 24-hour food tick list covering all aspects of the diet and with a focus on fruit and vegetable consumption was developed. This was compared against a 24-hour semi-weighed food diary obtained for the same day as the tick list. Setting Six primary schools with a range of socio-economic and ethnic bac…
Medicine (73 works) · Environmental health (53 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (38 works) · Internal Medicine (32 works) · Nutritional Studies and Diet (32 works) · Demography (24 works) · Biology (21 works) · Gerontology (18 works) · Internal Medicine (18 works) · Cohort (17 works)