Martin Fishbein
Biographic Data
| ID | 3602572 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin Fishbein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin |
| FAMILY NAME | Fishbein |
| SIGNATURE | FISHBEIN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Pennsylvania |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 75 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1201 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 74 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
Measurement Models for Reasoned Action Theory
Quantitative researchers distinguish between causal and effect indicators. What are the analytic problems when both types of measures are present in a quantitative reasoned action analysis? To answer this question, the authors use data from a longitudinal study to estimate the association between two constructs central to reasoned action theory: behavioral beliefs and attitudes toward the behavior. The belief items are causal indicators that defi…
Predicting and Changing Behavior: The Reasoned Action Approach
This book describes the reasoned action approach, an integrative framework for the prediction and change of human social behavior. It provides an up-to-date review of relevant research, discusses critical issues related to the reasoned action framework, and provides methodological and conceptual tools for the prediction and explanation of social behavior and for designing behavior change interventions.
A Measure of Perceived Argument Strength: Reliability and Validity
Studies of the content of persuasive messages in which the central arguments of the message are scrutinized have traditionally relied on the technique of thought-listing to assess argument strength. Although the validity of the thought-listing procedure is well documented, its utility can be limited in situations involving non-adult populations and sensitive topics. In this paper we present a self-reported scale that can be used to assess perceiv…
The Role of Television Access in the Viewing Time of US Adolescents
We identify the adolescent and family factors that shape the time adolescents spend viewing television. Adolescent traits, family/household characteristics, television access, and TV viewing time were assessed by self-report using a web-based survey conducted with a sample of 457 14- to 16-year-old adolescents in a Northeastern US city. Bivariate analyses indicated that the number of televisions in the home, having a bedroom TV, and subscribing t…
A Network-Individual-Resource Model for HIV Prevention
Predicting Preferences for Types of Sex Education in US Schools
A Model of Adolescents' Seeking of Sexual Content in Their Media Choices
This article reports on the extent to which adolescents report actively seeking sexual content in media, identifies from which media they report seeking, estimates the association between seeking sexual information and romantic and sexual behavior, and shows that active seeking of sexual content in media sources is explained by an intention to seek such content using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, a reasoned action approach. The …
Identifying the Causal Pathways from Religiosity to Delayed Adolescent Sexual Behavior
This study used the Integrative Model as a framework to examine whether religiosity delays onset of coitus among a longitudinal sample of virgins, and investigated the causal pathways of this relationship. In addition, this study examined the behavioral beliefs about the consequences of engaging in sex, which distinguishes between youth who vary in level of religiosity. A further analysis was also conducted to examine whether religiosity offers p…
Media Messages and Public Health
Researchers interested in the impact of media on the adolescent audience often use content analysis as a first step in assessing the kinds of messages available in mainstream media. These content-analytical studies typically sample from prime-time television programs, blockbuster movies, or top-selling video games. But do these samples accurately reflect the media content to which teens are exposed? The sheer increase in the number of media types…
Differentiating Between Precursor and Control Variables When Analyzing Reasoned Action Theories
Adolescent Judgment of Sexual Content on Television: Implications for Future Content Analysis Research
Many studies of sexual messages in media utilize content analysis methods. At times, this research assumes that researchers and trained coders using content analysis methods and the intended audience view and interpret media content similarly. This article compares adolescents' perceptions of the presence or absence of sexual content on television to those of researchers using three different coding schemes. Results from this formative research s…
Estimating the Longitudinal Association Between Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Exposure to Sexual Media Content
The purpose of this study is to estimate the association between adolescent sexual behavior and exposure to sexual media content. A three-wave, longitudinal survey sample (N = 506) of 14- to 16-year-olds at baseline is analyzed using growth curves. Growth trajectories are linear for sexual behavior but not for exposure to sexual media content. The signs of the exposure slopes are not uniformly positive: Hispanic and African American respondents s…
A Reasoned Action Approach to Health Promotion
This article describes the integrative model of behavioral prediction (IM), the latest formulation of a reasoned action approach. The IM attempts to identify a limited set of variables that can account for a considerable proportion of the variance in any given behavior. More specifically, consistent with the original theory of reasoned action, the IM assumes that intentions are the immediate antecedents of behavior, but in addition, the IM recogn…
It Works Both Ways: The Relationship Between Exposure to Sexual Content in the Media and Adolescent Sexual Behavior
Using a longitudinal web-based survey of adolescents 14-16 years of age, we estimate regression models where self-reported sexual behavior and content analytic-based exposure to sex in the media are related cross-sectionally and longitudinally. We find evidence for both cross-sectional non-recursive and prospective longitudinal relationships even after adjusting for both established predictors of sexual behavior (e.g., physical development, havin…
Understanding tailoring in communicating about health
'Tailoring' refers to any of a number of methods for creating communications individualized for their receivers, with the expectation that this individualization will lead to larger intended effects of these communications. Results so far have been generally positive but not consistently so, and this paper seeks to explicate tailoring to help focus future research. Tailoring involves either or both of two classes of goals (enhancing cognitive pre…
HIV interventions affect behavior indirectly: Results from the Aids Community Demonstration Projects
Behavioral theory informs HIV prevention programs by identifying important predictors of the relevant behavior. Changes in those predictors brought about by program messages should theoretically translate into behavior change. Program evaluation, however, may examine only whether message exposure is associated with behavior change, assuming that if people changed their behavior, the intervention must have effectively changed the determinants. Thi…
An Assessment of the Relationship between Condom Labels and HIV-Related Beliefs and Intentions
Developing Respondent-Based Multi-Media Measures of Exposure to Sexual Content
Despite the interest in the effects of the media on sexual behavior, there is no single method for assessing exposure to a particular type of media content (e.g., sex). This paper discusses the development of six sexual content exposure measures based on adolescents' own subjective ratings of the sexual content in titles in 4 media (i.e., television, music, magazines, videogames). We assessed the construct and criterion validity of these measures…
Measuring Media Exposure: An Introduction to the Special Issue
Alternatives to the Randomized Controlled Trial
Public health researchers are addressing new research questions (e.g., effects of environmental tobacco smoke, Hurricane Katrina) for which the randomized controlled trial (RCT) may not be a feasible option. Drawing on the potential outcomes framework (Rubin Causal Model) and Campbellian perspectives, we consider alternative research designs that permit relatively strong causal inferences. In randomized encouragement designs, participants are ran…
Conducting Internet-Based HIV/STD Prevention Survey Research: Considerations in Design and Evaluation
Predictors of Multitasking with Media: Media Factors and Audience Factors
In this research, multitasking with media is defined as an audience behavior that combines media use with another non-media activity. This study examines (a) the prevalence and patterns of multitasking among 14- to 16-year-olds and (b) the media and audience factors that predict such behavior. Consistent with previous research, this study found that youth frequently multitask with media. Both (a) ownership of media in bedrooms as a media factor a…
Validating an Index of Adolescent Sexual Behavior Using Psychosocial Theory and Social Trait Correlates
Using Theory to Understand How Interventions Work: Project Respect, Condom Use, and the Integrative Model
The Role of Theory in Developing Effective Health Communications
This study attempts to show the relevance of behavioral theory for developing communications designed to promote healthy and/or to prevent or alter unhealthy behaviors. After describing an integrative model of behavioral prediction, the model’s implications for designing persuasive communications are considered. Using data from a study on smoker’s intentions to continue smoking and to quit, it is shown how the theory helps identify the critical b…
Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis
To examine how well the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior predict condom use, the authors synthesized 96 data sets (N = 22,594) containing associations between the models' key variables. Consistent with the theory of reasoned action's predictions, (a) condom use was related to intentions (weighted mean r. = .45), (b) intentions were based on attitudes (r. = .58) and subjective norms (r. = .39), and (c) attitudes were associated wit…
An Investigation of the Relationships between Beliefs about an Object and the Attitude toward that Object
The prediction of behavior from attitudinal and normative variables
Using Theory to Design Effective Health Behavior Interventions
This article demonstrates the usefulness of two theories for the development of effective health communication campaigns. The integrative model of behavioral prediction focuses on changing beliefs about consequences, normative issues, and efficacy with respect to a particular behavior. Media priming theory focuses on strengthening the association between a belief and its outcomes, such as attitude and intention toward performing the behavior. Bot…
Attitudinal and normative variables as predictors of specific behavior
The prediction of behavioral intentions in a choice situation
A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes
The AB Scales: An Operational Definition of Belief and Attitude
Relationships of Stigma and Shame to Gonorrhea and HIV Screening
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships between stigma and shame associated with seeking treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and undergoing testing for gonorrhea and HIV. Methods. Participants were 847 males and 1126 females (mean age: 24.9 years) in 7 cities. Two scales assessed STD-related stigma and STD-related shame. Results. Rates of stigma and shame were higher among participants without a gonorr…
Summation versus balance in attitude organization and change
A Model of Adolescents' Seeking of Sexual Content in Their Media Choices
This article reports on the extent to which adolescents report actively seeking sexual content in media, identifies from which media they report seeking, estimates the association between seeking sexual information and romantic and sexual behavior, and shows that active seeking of sexual content in media sources is explained by an intention to seek such content using the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction, a reasoned action approach. The …
Alternatives to the Randomized Controlled Trial
Public health researchers are addressing new research questions (e.g., effects of environmental tobacco smoke, Hurricane Katrina) for which the randomized controlled trial (RCT) may not be a feasible option. Drawing on the potential outcomes framework (Rubin Causal Model) and Campbellian perspectives, we consider alternative research designs that permit relatively strong causal inferences. In randomized encouragement designs, participants are ran…
Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action to the National Park Service's Controlled Burn Policy
The theory of reasoned action was examined as a model of attitude and behavior change based on public perceptions of the National Park Service's controlled burn policy. Also, effects of belief-targeted messages on beliefs about outcomes of a controlled burn policy were examined. Positive and negative treatment groups, based on initial attitudes toward controlled burn policies, each received a belief-targeted message designed to change the target …
Attribution of responsibility: A theoretical note
Estimating the Longitudinal Association Between Adolescent Sexual Behavior and Exposure to Sexual Media Content
The purpose of this study is to estimate the association between adolescent sexual behavior and exposure to sexual media content. A three-wave, longitudinal survey sample (N = 506) of 14- to 16-year-olds at baseline is analyzed using growth curves. Growth trajectories are linear for sexual behavior but not for exposure to sexual media content. The signs of the exposure slopes are not uniformly positive: Hispanic and African American respondents s…
Attitudes and normative beliefs as factors influencing behavioral intentions
Cognitive interaction in person perception
The Social Diffusion of Influence Among Adolescents: Group Interaction in a Chat Room Environment About Antidrug Advertisements
One route to influence in mass communication campaigns to reduce risky behavior is through interpersonal discussion of the content of the campaign and other behaviors pertinent to those targeted by the campaign. The goal of this study was to test the effects of online group interaction among adolescents about antimarijuana advertisements on relevant attitudes and behaviors. A between-subjects post-only experimental design was used to test two cro…
Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research
A Measure of Perceived Argument Strength: Reliability and Validity
Studies of the content of persuasive messages in which the central arguments of the message are scrutinized have traditionally relied on the technique of thought-listing to assess argument strength. Although the validity of the thought-listing procedure is well documented, its utility can be limited in situations involving non-adult populations and sensitive topics. In this paper we present a self-reported scale that can be used to assess perceiv…
Measuring Media Exposure: An Introduction to the Special Issue
On construct validity: A critique of Miniard and Cohen's paper
Misconceptions about the Fishbein model: Reflections on a study by Songer-Nocks
Prediction of attitude from the number, strength, and evaluative aspect of beliefs about the attitude object: A comparison of summation and congruity theories
Acceptance of punishment and change in belief
Subjects were asked to indicate whether or not they were receiving ESP messages, which were presumably sent for 12 successive transmissions. Half the subjects received shock when they indicated nonreception. It was predicted that shock would introduce conflict and 'nonreceivers' who accepted this shock would experience dissonance. This dissonance might be reduced by rejecting belief in ESP. A high latency of response for females indicated that th…
The AB Scales: An Operational Definition of Belief and Attitude
The Perception of Non-Members: A Test of Merton's Reference Group Theory
An Investigation of the Relationships between Beliefs about an Object and the Attitude toward that Object
Cognitive interaction in person perception
Social comparison and dissonance reduction in self-evaluation
Students were asked to estimate (1) what score they would obtain on an examination; and (2) their minimal goal (the lowest score with which they would be satisfied). Data from a total of 760 students are analyzed to determine the bases of self-evaluation. Members of one class received no information before making evaluations. Members of a second class were given a score presumably made by pre-medical students, before these respondents made their …
Summation versus balance in attitude organization and change
Prediction of interpersonal preferences and group member satisfaction from estimated attitudes
Prediction of attitude from the number, strength, and evaluative aspect of beliefs about the attitude object: A comparison of summation and congruity theories
Current Studies in Social Psychology
Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement
The prediction of behavioral intentions in a choice situation
Some Determinants of an Individual's Esteem for His Least Preferred Co-Worker: An Attitudinal Analysis
This paper reports a study designed to test the assumption that the LPC score can best be considered as an attitude score. One hundred seventy-nine male Ss listed what they believed to be the characteristics of their 'least preferred co-worker,' indicated how strongly they held these beliefs, and evaluated each of the characteristics. In addition each S rated his 'least preferred co-worker' on Fiedler's Standard Esteem Scale, and responded to sev…
The prediction of behavior from attitudinal and normative variables
Attitudes and Opinions
Attitudes and normative beliefs as factors influencing behavioral intentions
Attribution of responsibility: A theoretical note
Attitudinal and normative variables as predictors of specific behavior
Attitudes towards objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria.
Individual Differences in Semantic Space: A Replication and Extension
Using a rating task and a method of analysis which allows for individual differences in the use of semantic differential scales, substantial individual differences were found to emerge. In addition, the group average structure corresponded closely to that which has been found in traditional semantic differential research. These two findings replicate previous results. To test the usefulness of an individual differences approach, evaluative scores…
Inferential beliefs and order effects in personality impression formation
A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes
The prediction of political evaluation and voting preference: A multidimensional analysis
Misconceptions revisited: A final comment
Misconceptions about the Fishbein model: Reflections on a study by Songer-Nocks
Psychology (69 works) · Social Psychology (61 works) · Social Psychology (33 works) · Medicine (25 works) · Computer Science (23 works) · Cognitive psychology (20 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (18 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (14 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (14 works) · Mathematics (12 works)