Nancy Brandon Tuma
Biographic Data
| ID | 3611129 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Nancy Brandon Tuma |
| GIVEN NAMES | Nancy Brandon |
| FAMILY NAME | Tuma |
| SIGNATURE | TUMA N B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stanford University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 37 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 813 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 37 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Adolescent noncompliance and occupational attainment in transitional societies
This article examines the effects of adolescent noncompliance (e.g., breaking of rules, flouting of norms) on occupational attainment in unstable and unpredictable societies. The authors suggest that the effect of adolescent noncompliance on occupational attainment depends on the unpredictability of the society and propose that adolescent noncompliance has positive effects on the occupational status of young adults in unpredictable societies. Usi…
Communist Party Members: Incentives and Gains
The communist movement, its top leadership, its ideology, and socialist party-states have been extensively investigated by social scientists. But analyses of the general membership of the Communist Party (CP), especially within socialist states, have been rare, largely because good data are scarce. In this article we analyze longitudinal data on a sample of Estonians born in the late 1940s who graduated from secondary school in 1966. We compare C…
Entrepreneurial Activities in Post-Soviet Societies: Impacts of Social Psychological Characteristics
This article focuses on the impacts of locus of control and self-esteem on the likelihood that young adults in post-Soviet societies engage in entrepreneurial activities. Despite the especially high level of uncertainty and risk associated with entrepreneurship in transitional societies, the literature has largely neglected the role of social psychological characteristics of undertaking entrepreneurial activities in such societies. In logistic re…
Estimation of Diffusion Processes from Incomplete Data: A Simulation Study
Event-history analysis of the diffusion of practices in a social system can show how actors are influenced by each other as well as by their own characteristics. The presumption that complete data on the entire population are essential to draw valid inferences about diffusion processes has been a major limitation in empirical analyses and has precluded diffusion studies in large populations. The authors examine the impacts of several forms of inc…
The Rationalization and Organization of Nature in World Culture
Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia
1998). Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia. Post-Soviet Affairs: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 114-136
Educational Stratification in Urban China: 1949-94
This article examines the effects of stratification processes, based on family social origins, gender, and residential location, on educational attainment in urban China from 1949 to 1994. The authors emphasize the importance of political processes and the State socialist redistributive economy, arguing that shifting State policies led to varying mechanisms of stratification over time. Analyzing the educational experiences of a representative sam…
The Structuring of a World Environmental Regime, 1870–1990
In recent decades a great expansion has occurred in world environmental organization, both governmental and nongovernmental, along with an explosion of worldwide discourse and communication about environmental problems. All of this constitutes a world environmental regime. Using the term regime a little more broadly than usual, we define world environmental regime as a partially integrated collection of world-level organizations, understandings, …
Institutional Change and Job-Shift Patterns in Urban China, 1949 to 1994
Using life-history data on 4,600 respondents from 17 cities in China from 1949 to 1994, the authors offer two contributions to the literature on transitions from state socialism : (1) they focus on access to workplaces as reflected in individuals' job shifts across types of organizations and economic sectors. Patterns of job shifts over time reflect both institutional change and evolving mechanisms of stratification and they therefore provide inf…
Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China, 1949-1993
Journal Article Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China, 1949–1993 Get access Xueguang Zhou, Xueguang Zhou Duke University Send communications to Xueguang Zhou, Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, or via e-mail to [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nancy Brandon Tuma, Nancy Brandon Tuma Stanford University Search for other works by thi…
Specification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Diffusion Models
Heterogeneous diffusion models let one combine the analysis of intrinsic propensities with that of intrapopulation contagion, and to disaggregate contagion effects into individual susceptibilities, the infectiousness of prior adopters, and the social proximity of prior-potential adopter pairs. This paper reports the results of a series of Monte Carlo simulation studies that investigate estimation issues for this class of models. Graphical analysi…
Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Diffusion
Standard models of diffusion assume spatial and temporal homogeneity. This article develops a class of diffusion models that incorporate spatial and temporal heterogeneity by turning to the individual level within an event-history framework. These models permit the analyst to represent social structural relations thought to channel diffusion, and to model decay in the influence of events over time. Heterogeneous diffusion models are applied to a …
Charting the Life Course
Assessing Bias and Fit of Global and Local Hazard Models
This article assesses the bias and fit of a hazard rate model by comparing predicted and nonparametric estimates of survivor probabilities. These comparisons also generate several diagnostic displays for event history data. We illustrate these diagnostic methods for several global and local hazard models using data on age at first marriage for women from the June 1980 Current Population Survey. Our results suggest that a nonproportional local Gom…
Local Hazard Models
We introduce a class of local hazard models that maintain parametric assumptions locally rather than globally. These models allow estimation of a flexible baseline hazard rate and nonproportional covariate effects. Recently developed local likelihood methods, which generalize maximum likelihood methods, can be used to estimate these models. We illustrate these techniques by estimating two local hazard models of first marriage--a local exponential…
A Reassessment of the Effect of Income Maintenance on Marital Dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Experiment
Cain and Wissoker claim that income-maintenance treatment had "no effect" on marital dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Income-Maintenance Experiment. Yet parametric and nonparametric analyses reveal that there was a significant increase in the dissolution rate for blacks and whites but not Chicanos. This conclusion holds for many different specifications, including a number that allow free-form time variation in response. While Cain and Wissoker'…
Broadening Sociological Methodology
Applications of Event History Analysis in Life Course Research
How data type affects conclusions about individual mobility
A Farewell to Structural Analysis
Social Dynamics: Models and Methods
Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background
We investigate the influence of family background on early entry into marriage and parenthood among white, Hispanic, and black men and women ages 14 to 22 in the first (1979) wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Family background is highly associated with early entry into marriage for whites of both genders and female Hispanics and also with early entry into parenthood for all groups except black males. Large group differences in fa…
Comparisons of Social Mobility in Different Socio-economic Systems
Nonparametric and Partially Parametric Approaches to Event-History Analysis
I have benefited greatly from discussions with Gary Chamberlain and other participants in the Longitudinal Data Analysis Workshop, sponsored by the National Opinion Research Center, 31 July-12 August 1979. James S. Coleman, Michael T. Hannan, Camille Marder, Burton Singer, Louise Smith-Donals, Larry Wu, and an anonymous referee made helpful comments on an earlier draft. The research on Monte Carlo experiments was done in collaboration with Glenn …
When Can Interdependence in a Dynamic System of Qualitative Variables Be Ignored
I wish to thank Marlos Viana for assistance in deriving some of the equations in this chapter and Glenn Carroll for assistance with programming. I appreciate helpful comments on an earlier version given by Michael T. Hannan, John Lehoczky, Joseph Schwartz, Burton Singer, Aage B. Sorensen, Barbara Warsavage, and Stanley S. Wasserman. This research was supported by National Institute of Education Grant NIE-G-76-0082 and by National Institute of Men…
The Structuring of a World Environmental Regime, 1870–1990
In recent decades a great expansion has occurred in world environmental organization, both governmental and nongovernmental, along with an explosion of worldwide discourse and communication about environmental problems. All of this constitutes a world environmental regime. Using the term regime a little more broadly than usual, we define world environmental regime as a partially integrated collection of world-level organizations, understandings, …
Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background
We investigate the influence of family background on early entry into marriage and parenthood among white, Hispanic, and black men and women ages 14 to 22 in the first (1979) wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Family background is highly associated with early entry into marriage for whites of both genders and female Hispanics and also with early entry into parenthood for all groups except black males. Large group differences in fa…
Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity in Diffusion
Standard models of diffusion assume spatial and temporal homogeneity. This article develops a class of diffusion models that incorporate spatial and temporal heterogeneity by turning to the individual level within an event-history framework. These models permit the analyst to represent social structural relations thought to channel diffusion, and to model decay in the influence of events over time. Heterogeneous diffusion models are applied to a …
Dynamic Analysis of Event Histories
There is wide interest among sociologists in the study of change but little reflection of this interest in sociological research methods. In this paper we consider the advantages of and procedures of dynamic analysis of event-history data-data givin the number, timing, and sequence of changes in a categorical dependent variable. We argue for grounding this analysis in a continuous-time stochastic model. This permits the data to be fully utilized;…
Institutional Change and Job-Shift Patterns in Urban China, 1949 to 1994
Using life-history data on 4,600 respondents from 17 cities in China from 1949 to 1994, the authors offer two contributions to the literature on transitions from state socialism : (1) they focus on access to workplaces as reflected in individuals' job shifts across types of organizations and economic sectors. Patterns of job shifts over time reflect both institutional change and evolving mechanisms of stratification and they therefore provide inf…
Educational Stratification in Urban China: 1949-94
This article examines the effects of stratification processes, based on family social origins, gender, and residential location, on educational attainment in urban China from 1949 to 1994. The authors emphasize the importance of political processes and the State socialist redistributive economy, arguing that shifting State policies led to varying mechanisms of stratification over time. Analyzing the educational experiences of a representative sam…
Income and Marital Events: Evidence from an Income-Maintenance Experiment
In this paper we report estimates of the impacts of the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments on marital dissolution and remarriage. To assess the experimental impacts, we use a stochastic model of rare events in which the rate at which an event occurs is assumed to depend log linearly on a set exogenous variables. Overall, income maintenance raises the rate of marital dissolution. For black, white, and Chicana women, the greatest inc…
Rewards, Resources, and the Rate of Mobility: A Nonstationary Multivariate Stochastic Model
1971 technology and organizational structure. Administrative Science Quarterly 16:444-59. Parsons, Talcott 1962 Toward a General Theory of Action. New York: Free Press. Pennings, Johannes 1974 Interdependence and complementarity. Paper presented at American Sociological Association Annual Conference, Montreal. Perrow, Charles 1967 framework for the comparative analysis of organizations. American Sociological Review 32:194-208. 1970 Organizational…
Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia
1998). Winners and Losers in the Postcommunist Transition: New Evidence from Estonia. Post-Soviet Affairs: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 114-136
Methods for Temporal Analysis
The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this ...Read More
Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China, 1949-1993
Journal Article Stratification Dynamics under State Socialism: The Case of Urban China, 1949–1993 Get access Xueguang Zhou, Xueguang Zhou Duke University Send communications to Xueguang Zhou, Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, or via e-mail to [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nancy Brandon Tuma, Nancy Brandon Tuma Stanford University Search for other works by thi…
Classroom Effects on Change in Children's Friendships
Previous studies of the effects of classroom characteristics on educational outcomes have been concerned primarily with cognitive outcomes, such as academic achievement. In this paper we examine effects of classroom variables on children's social development. We argue that the way teachers group students for instructional purposes and their pedagogical techniques affect children's proximity and similarity within the classroom, and that these in t…
Income and Independence Effects on Marital Dissolution: Results from the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments
Using data from the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments, this paper discusses the effects of income and changes in income on marital dissolution. In an earlier article, we presented evidence of an experimental impact on marital dissolution and discussed how the pattern of effects found could be accounted for by nonlinear income and independence effects. The income effect decrease the marital dissolution rate by increasing the family…
Education and Occupational Mobility: A Comparison of Polish and American Men
We use recent survey data to compare intergenerational mobility of Polish and American men. Father-to-son occupational mobility is considerably lower in Poland than in the United States, mainly because Poland has a large, traditional agricultural sector with high occupational inheritance. Furthermore, education, which is substantially affected by father's occupation in both countries, has a much larger effect on occupational attainment in Poland.…
A Reassessment of the Effect of Income Maintenance on Marital Dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Experiment
Cain and Wissoker claim that income-maintenance treatment had "no effect" on marital dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Income-Maintenance Experiment. Yet parametric and nonparametric analyses reveal that there was a significant increase in the dissolution rate for blacks and whites but not Chicanos. This conclusion holds for many different specifications, including a number that allow free-form time variation in response. While Cain and Wissoker'…
Specification and Estimation of Heterogeneous Diffusion Models
Heterogeneous diffusion models let one combine the analysis of intrinsic propensities with that of intrapopulation contagion, and to disaggregate contagion effects into individual susceptibilities, the infectiousness of prior adopters, and the social proximity of prior-potential adopter pairs. This paper reports the results of a series of Monte Carlo simulation studies that investigate estimation issues for this class of models. Graphical analysi…
Communist Party Members: Incentives and Gains
The communist movement, its top leadership, its ideology, and socialist party-states have been extensively investigated by social scientists. But analyses of the general membership of the Communist Party (CP), especially within socialist states, have been rare, largely because good data are scarce. In this article we analyze longitudinal data on a sample of Estonians born in the late 1940s who graduated from secondary school in 1966. We compare C…
Approaches to the Censoring Problem in Analysis of Event Histories
The Effects of Sex, Race, and Achievement on Schoolchildren's Friendships
We use panel data on schoolchildren's friendship choices to investigate the effects of sex, race, and academic achievement on the formation of new friendships and on the stability of existing friendships. Cross-sectional analysis of the data reveals commonly expected associations: a child's friendship choices are positively associated with being the same sex and race as the other child and with having a similar achievement level. Panel analysis o…
Assessing Bias and Fit of Global and Local Hazard Models
This article assesses the bias and fit of a hazard rate model by comparing predicted and nonparametric estimates of survivor probabilities. These comparisons also generate several diagnostic displays for event history data. We illustrate these diagnostic methods for several global and local hazard models using data on age at first marriage for women from the June 1980 Current Population Survey. Our results suggest that a nonproportional local Gom…
Applications of Event History Analysis in Life Course Research
How data type affects conclusions about individual mobility
Nonparametric and Partially Parametric Approaches to Event-History Analysis
I have benefited greatly from discussions with Gary Chamberlain and other participants in the Longitudinal Data Analysis Workshop, sponsored by the National Opinion Research Center, 31 July-12 August 1979. James S. Coleman, Michael T. Hannan, Camille Marder, Burton Singer, Louise Smith-Donals, Larry Wu, and an anonymous referee made helpful comments on an earlier draft. The research on Monte Carlo experiments was done in collaboration with Glenn …
Entrepreneurial Activities in Post-Soviet Societies: Impacts of Social Psychological Characteristics
This article focuses on the impacts of locus of control and self-esteem on the likelihood that young adults in post-Soviet societies engage in entrepreneurial activities. Despite the especially high level of uncertainty and risk associated with entrepreneurship in transitional societies, the literature has largely neglected the role of social psychological characteristics of undertaking entrepreneurial activities in such societies. In logistic re…
Estimation of Diffusion Processes from Incomplete Data: A Simulation Study
Event-history analysis of the diffusion of practices in a social system can show how actors are influenced by each other as well as by their own characteristics. The presumption that complete data on the entire population are essential to draw valid inferences about diffusion processes has been a major limitation in empirical analyses and has precluded diffusion studies in large populations. The authors examine the impacts of several forms of inc…
Rewards, Resources, and the Rate of Mobility: A Nonstationary Multivariate Stochastic Model
1971 technology and organizational structure. Administrative Science Quarterly 16:444-59. Parsons, Talcott 1962 Toward a General Theory of Action. New York: Free Press. Pennings, Johannes 1974 Interdependence and complementarity. Paper presented at American Sociological Association Annual Conference, Montreal. Perrow, Charles 1967 framework for the comparative analysis of organizations. American Sociological Review 32:194-208. 1970 Organizational…
Quantitative Sociology: International Perspectives on Mathematical and Statistical Modeling
Income and Marital Events: Evidence from an Income-Maintenance Experiment
In this paper we report estimates of the impacts of the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments on marital dissolution and remarriage. To assess the experimental impacts, we use a stochastic model of rare events in which the rate at which an event occurs is assumed to depend log linearly on a set exogenous variables. Overall, income maintenance raises the rate of marital dissolution. For black, white, and Chicana women, the greatest inc…
Classroom Effects on Change in Children's Friendships
Previous studies of the effects of classroom characteristics on educational outcomes have been concerned primarily with cognitive outcomes, such as academic achievement. In this paper we examine effects of classroom variables on children's social development. We argue that the way teachers group students for instructional purposes and their pedagogical techniques affect children's proximity and similarity within the classroom, and that these in t…
Income and Independence Effects on Marital Dissolution: Results from the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments
Using data from the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Experiments, this paper discusses the effects of income and changes in income on marital dissolution. In an earlier article, we presented evidence of an experimental impact on marital dissolution and discussed how the pattern of effects found could be accounted for by nonlinear income and independence effects. The income effect decrease the marital dissolution rate by increasing the family…
Approaches to the Censoring Problem in Analysis of Event Histories
Reply to Goodwin
The Effects of Sex, Race, and Achievement on Schoolchildren's Friendships
We use panel data on schoolchildren's friendship choices to investigate the effects of sex, race, and academic achievement on the formation of new friendships and on the stability of existing friendships. Cross-sectional analysis of the data reveals commonly expected associations: a child's friendship choices are positively associated with being the same sex and race as the other child and with having a similar achievement level. Panel analysis o…
Methods for Temporal Analysis
The term intersectionality references the critical insight that race, class, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, nation, ability, and age operate not as unitary, mutually exclusive entities, but rather as reciprocally constructing phenomena. Despite this ...Read More
Limitations of the Seattle and Denver Income-Maintenance Analysis
Education and Occupational Mobility: A Comparison of Polish and American Men
We use recent survey data to compare intergenerational mobility of Polish and American men. Father-to-son occupational mobility is considerably lower in Poland than in the United States, mainly because Poland has a large, traditional agricultural sector with high occupational inheritance. Furthermore, education, which is substantially affected by father's occupation in both countries, has a much larger effect on occupational attainment in Poland.…
Dynamic Analysis of Event Histories
There is wide interest among sociologists in the study of change but little reflection of this interest in sociological research methods. In this paper we consider the advantages of and procedures of dynamic analysis of event-history data-data givin the number, timing, and sequence of changes in a categorical dependent variable. We argue for grounding this analysis in a continuous-time stochastic model. This permits the data to be fully utilized;…
When Can Interdependence in a Dynamic System of Qualitative Variables Be Ignored
I wish to thank Marlos Viana for assistance in deriving some of the equations in this chapter and Glenn Carroll for assistance with programming. I appreciate helpful comments on an earlier version given by Michael T. Hannan, John Lehoczky, Joseph Schwartz, Burton Singer, Aage B. Sorensen, Barbara Warsavage, and Stanley S. Wasserman. This research was supported by National Institute of Education Grant NIE-G-76-0082 and by National Institute of Men…
Nonparametric and Partially Parametric Approaches to Event-History Analysis
I have benefited greatly from discussions with Gary Chamberlain and other participants in the Longitudinal Data Analysis Workshop, sponsored by the National Opinion Research Center, 31 July-12 August 1979. James S. Coleman, Michael T. Hannan, Camille Marder, Burton Singer, Louise Smith-Donals, Larry Wu, and an anonymous referee made helpful comments on an earlier draft. The research on Monte Carlo experiments was done in collaboration with Glenn …
Comparisons of Social Mobility in Different Socio-economic Systems
Entry into marriage and parenthood by young men and women: The influence of family background
We investigate the influence of family background on early entry into marriage and parenthood among white, Hispanic, and black men and women ages 14 to 22 in the first (1979) wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Family background is highly associated with early entry into marriage for whites of both genders and female Hispanics and also with early entry into parenthood for all groups except black males. Large group differences in fa…
A Farewell to Structural Analysis
Social Dynamics: Models and Methods
How data type affects conclusions about individual mobility
Applications of Event History Analysis in Life Course Research
Broadening Sociological Methodology
Local Hazard Models
We introduce a class of local hazard models that maintain parametric assumptions locally rather than globally. These models allow estimation of a flexible baseline hazard rate and nonproportional covariate effects. Recently developed local likelihood methods, which generalize maximum likelihood methods, can be used to estimate these models. We illustrate these techniques by estimating two local hazard models of first marriage--a local exponential…
A Reassessment of the Effect of Income Maintenance on Marital Dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Experiment
Cain and Wissoker claim that income-maintenance treatment had "no effect" on marital dissolution in the Seattle-Denver Income-Maintenance Experiment. Yet parametric and nonparametric analyses reveal that there was a significant increase in the dissolution rate for blacks and whites but not Chicanos. This conclusion holds for many different specifications, including a number that allow free-form time variation in response. While Cain and Wissoker'…
Charting the Life Course
Assessing Bias and Fit of Global and Local Hazard Models
This article assesses the bias and fit of a hazard rate model by comparing predicted and nonparametric estimates of survivor probabilities. These comparisons also generate several diagnostic displays for event history data. We illustrate these diagnostic methods for several global and local hazard models using data on age at first marriage for women from the June 1980 Current Population Survey. Our results suggest that a nonproportional local Gom…
Sociology (24 works) · Economics (16 works) · Mathematics (13 works) · Econometrics (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Demography (9 works) · Statistics (9 works) · Demographic economics (8 works)