Maureen Carroll
Biographic Data
| ID | 3623082 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Maureen Carroll |
| GIVEN NAMES | Maureen |
| FAMILY NAME | Carroll |
| SIGNATURE | CARROLL M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Sheffield |
| ORCID | 0009-0000-2906-9253 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 43 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 65 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 42 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
A Window on Women’s Dress and Community Identities in the Fourth Century Bc in Southern Italy
This paper examines clothing depicted in the portraits painted on the walls of the tombs of elites at various settlements in Campania and Lucania in southwest Italy in the fourth century BC, as it provides important information on sartorial appearances and self-perception, especially in view of the dearth of textiles and lack of textual sources. It investigates the interconnected relationship between dress behaviour, ethnic identity and social st…
Isotopic Insights into Livestock Production in Roman Italy
Agriculture is the most important intersection between farming communities and the natural world, with major implications for land exploitation and labour organisation. In Italy, at the heart of the Roman Empire, understanding of agriculture remains heavily dependent on ancient sources, which are unable to provide a regional or diachronic view of practices across the socio-economic spectrum. In order to gain insight into agricultural economies in…
The Making of a Roman Imperial Estate
'The Making of a Roman Imperial Estate' presents excavations and analysis of material remains at Vagnari, in southeast Italy, which have facilitated a detailed and precise phasing of a rural settlement, both in the late Republican period in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, when it was established on land leased from the Roman state after Rome's conquest of the region, and when it became the hub (vicus) of a vast agricultural estate owned by the empe…
The Making of an Imperial Estate
Viticulture, opus doliare, and the patrimonium Caesaris at the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari (Puglia)
This article focuses on the establishment of a winery on the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari in southeast Italy in the 2nd c. CE and the ceramic vats (dolia defossa) needed to mature and store the estate's vintages. A scientific analysis of the clay used to make the dolia has revealed their likely place of manufacture to have been in Latium or on the border between Latium and Campania on the Tyrrhenian (west) coast of Italy. With these analytica…
Tracking Roman lead sources using lead isotope analysis. A case study from the imperial rural estate at Vagnari (Puglia, Italy)
Gastrointestinal infection in Italy during the Roman Imperial and Longobard periods
Archaeometric analysis of building ceramics and ‘dolia defossa’ from the Roman imperial estate of Vagnari (Gravina in Puglia, Italy)
Investigations at the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari, Puglia (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Mater Matuta, ‘Fertility Cults’ and the Integration of Women in Religious Life in Italy in the Fourth to First Centuries Bc
This study explores social and gendered aspects of female fertility in popular religious practices in Italy in the last four centuries BC, and it investigates the role of supplication and votive dedications in promoting maternal health and family continuity. It tackles modern assumptions which have strongly aligned the religious activities of women in Republican Italy with their generative interests and specific ‘fertility cults’ or ‘women's godd…
Investigations at the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari, Puglia (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Exploring the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari, Puglia (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Hugh Last Fellowship
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Research at the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari, Puglia (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Research at Vagnari (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Exploring the Vicus and the Necropolis at the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
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Exploring the vicus at the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari (Comune Di Irsina, Provincia di Matera, Regione Basilicata)
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Vindonissa (Brugg, Switzerland)
The Swiss site of Vindonissa (modern Windisch) is located strategically on a terrace overlooking the confluence of the Aare and Reuss rivers.
Augusta Raurica (Augst)
Augusta Raurica, modern Augst in Switzerland, was officially established as a Roman colony in Gaul by the Roman senator and consul Lucius Munatius Plancus in 44 BCE . There is no physical evidence for occupation in this early period, but the colony was probably refounded 15–10 BCE by the emperor Augustus.
The Insignia of Women ’
The current study focuses on the Roman gravestone of a British woman named Regina who died in the second half of the second century at the Roman fort of Arbeia (South Shields) at the mouth of the Tyne and was commemorated by her Palmyrene husband. The paper examines the Latin and Aramaic inscriptions on Regina's gravestone, the depiction of her ethnic clothing and bodily adornment, and the portrayal of the deceased as a woman skilled in wool-work…
Infant death and burial in Roman Italy
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Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove
Sommarii: Indagini archeologiche condotte nel tempio di Venere a Pompei hanno dimostrato che il santuario fu costruito su un triplice portico e che degli alberi furono sistemati nella corte intorno a tre lati del tempio. Questo paesaggio è contemporaneo alia costruzione del tempio romano della metà del I secolo a.C, ed è uno dei boschi consacrati piu antichi nel mondo romano per il quale si abbiano evidenze archeologiche. I risultati del lavoro a…
Balsdon Fellowship
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Conclusion
In the Roman world various devices were employed to perpetuate the memory of the dead. The eulogy recited in the presence of mourners at the funeral served as one of the mnemonic aids used to recall actions and achievements of individuals and families, and memory was stimulated visually by the fashioning of portraits and statues of the deceased in various materials. Public philanthropy and munficence towards various communities, in addition, coul…
Abbreviations
Spirits of the Dead
Spirits of the Dead examines the importance attached to preserving the memory of the dead in the Roman world, and explores the ways in which funerary inscriptions can be used to reconstruct Roman lives, however fragmentarily and imperfectly. It is the only study to examine epigraphic, historical, and archaeological evidence in order to gain insight into the way Romans used funerary texts to establish a dialogue with their own society. Maureen Car…
Infant death and burial in Roman Italy
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Mater Matuta, ‘Fertility Cults’ and the Integration of Women in Religious Life in Italy in the Fourth to First Centuries Bc
This study explores social and gendered aspects of female fertility in popular religious practices in Italy in the last four centuries BC, and it investigates the role of supplication and votive dedications in promoting maternal health and family continuity. It tackles modern assumptions which have strongly aligned the religious activities of women in Republican Italy with their generative interests and specific ‘fertility cults’ or ‘women's godd…
Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove
Sommarii: Indagini archeologiche condotte nel tempio di Venere a Pompei hanno dimostrato che il santuario fu costruito su un triplice portico e che degli alberi furono sistemati nella corte intorno a tre lati del tempio. Questo paesaggio è contemporaneo alia costruzione del tempio romano della metà del I secolo a.C, ed è uno dei boschi consacrati piu antichi nel mondo romano per il quale si abbiano evidenze archeologiche. I risultati del lavoro a…
Isotopic Insights into Livestock Production in Roman Italy
Agriculture is the most important intersection between farming communities and the natural world, with major implications for land exploitation and labour organisation. In Italy, at the heart of the Roman Empire, understanding of agriculture remains heavily dependent on ancient sources, which are unable to provide a regional or diachronic view of practices across the socio-economic spectrum. In order to gain insight into agricultural economies in…
Viticulture, opus doliare, and the patrimonium Caesaris at the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari (Puglia)
This article focuses on the establishment of a winery on the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari in southeast Italy in the 2nd c. CE and the ceramic vats (dolia defossa) needed to mature and store the estate's vintages. A scientific analysis of the clay used to make the dolia has revealed their likely place of manufacture to have been in Latium or on the border between Latium and Campania on the Tyrrhenian (west) coast of Italy. With these analytica…
Exploring the Vicus and the Necropolis at the Roman Imperial Estate at Vagnari (Comune Di Gravina in Puglia, Provincia Di Bari, Regione Puglia)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
The Insignia of Women ’
The current study focuses on the Roman gravestone of a British woman named Regina who died in the second half of the second century at the Roman fort of Arbeia (South Shields) at the mouth of the Tyne and was commemorated by her Palmyrene husband. The paper examines the Latin and Aramaic inscriptions on Regina's gravestone, the depiction of her ethnic clothing and bodily adornment, and the portrayal of the deceased as a woman skilled in wool-work…
Archaeometric analysis of building ceramics and ‘dolia defossa’ from the Roman imperial estate of Vagnari (Gravina in Puglia, Italy)
Exploring the vicus at the Roman imperial estate at Vagnari (Comune Di Irsina, Provincia di Matera, Regione Basilicata)
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Supplying the Roman fleet
In 1995/96 archaeological excavations were conducted at Cologne on the site known as the Alteburg where the base of the Rhine fleet ( Classis Germanica ) was located. The area investigated was located in the E part of the fort near the river bank (fig. 1). Stratigraphic excavations clarified the chronology of the site, revealing 8 different building phases and a much more complex history than had previously been realised. In Phases 1 (Tiberian), …
The Sanctuary of Apollo at Pompeii
Two trenches were excavated in the courtyard of the Sanctuary of Apollo at Pompeii to determine whether the precinct was planted as a temple garden and to explore the stratigraphic sequence of activities predating the eruption in A.D. 79. In addition to evidence suggesting the existence of plantings, the stratigraphy and finds indicate that cisterns in front of the temple were demolished and the courtyard restructured in the late first century B.…
Supplying the Roman fleet
In 1995/96 archaeological excavations were conducted at Cologne on the site known as the Alteburg where the base of the Rhine fleet ( Classis Germanica ) was located. The area investigated was located in the E part of the fort near the river bank (fig. 1). Stratigraphic excavations clarified the chronology of the site, revealing 8 different building phases and a much more complex history than had previously been realised. In Phases 1 (Tiberian), …
Measuring Time and Inventing History in the Early Empire
Earthly Paradises
Preface 1: Ancient gardens and the evidence 2: Utilitarian and ornamental house gardens 3: Orchards, groves and parks 4: Sacred gardens 5: Gardens of the dead 6: Gardeners and gardening 7: Plants of the ancient world 8: Gardens in ancient poetry 9: Gardens and paradises Conclusion Bibliography Index
Conclusion
In the Roman world various devices were employed to perpetuate the memory of the dead. The eulogy recited in the presence of mourners at the funeral served as one of the mnemonic aids used to recall actions and achievements of individuals and families, and memory was stimulated visually by the fashioning of portraits and statues of the deceased in various materials. Public philanthropy and munficence towards various communities, in addition, coul…
Abbreviations
Selecting a Monument
Choosing a monument, the location where it was to be erected, and what it was to express were necessary considerations when preparing for death. Of course, not everyone was or could be prepared for death, nor did everyone have a say in how, or even if, they would be commemorated. A brief epitaph for a female slave in Portus, inscribed simply Glycerae servae (to Glycera, a slave), presumably on orders from her owner, is one of many inscriptions cu…
Conveying a Message
From the reign of Augustus occasionally, and from middle of the first century ad much more commonly, the epitaph is prefaced by an invocation ‘to the spirits of the dead’ (the Manes), written as Dis Manibus, and later abbreviated to D M.1 In Gaul and Germany, the introductory D M was expanded from the mid-second century to read ‘D M et Memoriae’ (to the spirits of the dead and the memory of ... ), and from the beginning of the third century the ‘…
Death on Earth, Life in Heaven
The forms of commemoration of the dead in the Christian communities of the Roman empire diVer from pagan traditions in sufficiently crucial and interesting ways to warrant a separate study of them as a conclusion to this book. Like the pagan funerary inscriptions, the epitaphs of Christians offer insights into the belief system, social structures, and forms of expressing the identity of the deceased. Under Theodosius in ad 392, Christianity becam…
Social Mobility and Social Change
The Roman conquest of western and northern Europe had far-reaching consequences for the societies and individuals in those regions. In Chapter 8 we have looked at physical mobility, as witnessed in the epitaphs, and how, for various reasons, people migrated outside the confines of their towns, villages, and territories, some of them moving great distances from one place to another. The funerary inscriptions, although they are just one source of i…
Dedication
Family and Household
Familial relationships recorded in funerary epitaphs appear sometimes very simple, sometimes rather complicated, but the inscribed text always gives us only part of the picture. The epitaphs record some, but not all, family ties, and the actual extent and complexity of familial relationships the deceased once enjoyed whilst alive cannot be reconstructed with any real confidence. Although most soldiers in the first and second centuries were commem…
Anonymity, Violation, and Memory Loss
The inscribed texts on funerary monuments play an important role in naming the deceased and his or her position in society. As Connerton highlights, the fact that something is inscribed demonstrates a will to be remembered. If there is one thing that the majority of epitaphs have in common it is the naming of the deceased. How important was the survival of one’s name? For Pliny the Younger, at least, nothing affected him so strongly ‘as the desir…
Appendix
Causes of Death
What caused many rich and famous Romans to die can be learnt by randomly trawling through Roman literary sources. Here is just one example. Verginius Rufus was considered by Pliny the Younger to be ‘one of our greatest and most distinguished citizens’.1 He was rehearsing an address to the emperor Nerva when his manuscript fell out of his hands. As he bent to pick it up, he slipped on the polished floor, fell and broke his hip, and from this accid…
Mapping Population Movement
Information on the origins of those who died was included in many epitaphs, and this can be used, albeit imperfectly, to study physical mobility in the Roman empire. These details might reveal the voting district in which the person was registered, the city or province of origin, or, in the case of non-citizens, the ethnic origin and tribal affiliation of the deceased. A legionary soldier, for example, from Calagurris in northern Spain might end …
Title Pages
Maps
Subject Ancient Roman History Classical History Classical Studies Collection: Oxford Scholarship Online
Memory and Commemoration
The funerary monument, according to Roman legal sources, was designed to preserve memory (monumentum est, quod memoriae servandae gratia existat).1 It also acted as a visual indicator of the status of a person and of the splendour and antiquity of that person’s family. The form and size of the monument itself, and the written text on it, made it possible to display and negotiate status, belonging, and social relations in the community. But was a …
Spirits of the Dead
Spirits of the Dead examines the importance attached to preserving the memory of the dead in the Roman world, and explores the ways in which funerary inscriptions can be used to reconstruct Roman lives, however fragmentarily and imperfectly. It is the only study to examine epigraphic, historical, and archaeological evidence in order to gain insight into the way Romans used funerary texts to establish a dialogue with their own society. Maureen Car…
Balsdon Fellowship
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Exploring the sanctuary of Venus and its sacred grove
Sommarii: Indagini archeologiche condotte nel tempio di Venere a Pompei hanno dimostrato che il santuario fu costruito su un triplice portico e che degli alberi furono sistemati nella corte intorno a tre lati del tempio. Questo paesaggio è contemporaneo alia costruzione del tempio romano della metà del I secolo a.C, ed è uno dei boschi consacrati piu antichi nel mondo romano per il quale si abbiano evidenze archeologiche. I risultati del lavoro a…
Infant death and burial in Roman Italy
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Vindonissa (Brugg, Switzerland)
The Swiss site of Vindonissa (modern Windisch) is located strategically on a terrace overlooking the confluence of the Aare and Reuss rivers.
Augusta Raurica (Augst)
Augusta Raurica, modern Augst in Switzerland, was officially established as a Roman colony in Gaul by the Roman senator and consul Lucius Munatius Plancus in 44 BCE . There is no physical evidence for occupation in this early period, but the colony was probably refounded 15–10 BCE by the emperor Augustus.
History (27 works) · Geography (23 works) · Ancient history (20 works) · Archaeology (18 works) · Art (18 works) · Classical Antiquity Studies (18 works) · Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History (15 works) · History (11 works) · Business (10 works) · Estate (10 works)