Colin Loftin
Biographic Data
| ID | 3630409 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Colin Loftin |
| GIVEN NAMES | Colin |
| FAMILY NAME | Loftin |
| SIGNATURE | LOFTIN C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Maryland, College Park |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 454 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Levels and Changes in Defensive Firearm Use by US Crime Victims, 1987‒2021
Objectives. To examine levels and temporal changes in the frequency of defensive gun use by US crime victims. Methods. We computed national-level counts of criminal incidents involving firearm defense during 3 periods: 1993 to 2005, 2007 to 2015, and 2016 to 2021. We also considered earlier national estimates for 1987 to 1990. The data came from the US Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). We counted firearm def…
Seasonal Cycles in Crime, and Their Variability
Underreporting of Justifiable Homicides Committed by Police Officers in the United States, 1976–1998
Objectives. This study assessed the consistency of estimates of the number of justifiable homicides committed by US police officers and identified sources of underreporting. Methods. The number of justifiable homicides committed by police officers between 1976 and 1998 was estimated from supplementary homicide report (SHR) and National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) mortality data. Results. Nationally, the SHR estimate was 29% larger than the NVS…
Do strong communities increase homicide? an evaluation of the Nisbett‐Cohen thesis
Cohen (1998) describes a study showing that, in the US, regionally distributed culture controls the direction of the relationship between social disorganization and homicide rates. In the South and West, where, according to the Nisbett‐Cohen theory, there is a “culture of honor”, strong community and family bonds increase argumentrelated homicides. Conversely, in the North, where cultural beliefs do not support violence in response to insults, st…
Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis
Journal Article Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis Get access Rebekah Chu, Rebekah Chu University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Craig Rivera, Craig Rivera University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University at Albany, State…
Using Quasi-Experiments to Evaluate Firearm Laws: Comment on Britt et al.'s Reassessment of the D.C. Gun Law
The strength of research designs is relative. Compared with true experiments, quasi-experimental designs are weak. Compared with cross-sectional designs, they are strong. One can further strengthen inferences from quasi-experiments by examining a broader pattern of data. We agree with Britt, Kleck, and Bordua when they recommend that researchers expand the range of inquiry. We disagree with them when they recommend that researchers restrict it. T…
Comparing the Ucr and NCS Over Time
Preventing homicide: An evaluation of the efficacy of a Detroit gun ordinance
BACKGROUND: In November 1986, a Detroit, Michigan city ordinance requiring mandatory jail sentences for illegally carrying a firearm in public was passed to preserve "the public peace, health, safety, and welfare of the people." METHODS: We conducted a set of interrupted time-series analyses to evaluate the impact of the law on the incidence of homicides, hypothesizing that the ordinance, by its nature, would affect only firearm homicides and hom…
Measuring Protective Handgun Ownership
Hill et al. (1985) have suggested a measure of protective handgun ownership that can be implemented in an omnibus survey like the General Social Survey (GSS), which does not ask respondents why they own the gun. Using the 1980 GSS and their refined measure, Hill et al. report (among other things) that fear of crime and prior victimization increase the likelihood that men, but not women, will own handguns for protection. Their analysis, however, i…
Collective Security and the Ownership of Firearms for Protection
This paper examines the hypothesis that people purchase firearms for protection when confidence in collective institutions of justice and security declines. Analysis of survey data from Detroit indicates that gun ownership for protection is inversely related to confidence in the police and in the courts, and that these relationships are independent of demographic and socioeconomic variables and fear of crime
Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928-76
Journal Article Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928–76 Get access David McDowall, David McDowall State University of New York at Albany Address correspondence to David McDowall, School of Criminal Justice, SUNY-Albany, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goo…
An Errors‐in‐variable Model of the Effect of Poverty on Urban Homicide Rates
Inconsistent findings on the relationship between poverty and violent crime have led some authors to question the presence of a structural relationship. There is reason, however, to believe that many of the existing estimates are biased because measures of poverty contain errors which are confounded with disturbances in the estimated models. In this paper we specify and estimate a model which accommodates the measurement error and provides an ins…
Collective Security and Fatal Firearm Accidents
This paper offers an explanation for rates of fatal firearm accidents in terms of confidence in collectively provided justice and security. It describes the collective security model and presents an analysis of time‐series data from Detroit which supports it: accidental gunshot deaths varied positively with violent crime and civil disturbances and negatively with the allocation of resources to the police. Finally, it discusses some implications f…
The Effect of Police Employment on Crime
The effects of police employment on index violent trim rates and index property crime rates are studied using a maximum likelihood technique to estimate two‐wave multivariate panel models. Separate analyses are carried out for a sample of 252 U.S. suburbs and for a sample of 269 U.S. cities for the years 1960 and 1970
A Spatial Autocorrelation Model of the Effects of Population Density on Fertility
The relationship between fertility and population density that has been demonstrated with aggregate data is discussed and reexamined here. We argue that models which exclude considerations of spatial processes are incomplete and that therefore parameter estimates for such models are misleading. We then develop a model which incorporates spatial autocorrelation and reanalyze data from one well-known study of the effects of density on fertility usi…
Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence: Evaluating an Alternative to Gun Control
Michigan's Felony Firearm Statute (Gun Law) imposed a two-year mandatory add-on sentence for defendants convicted of possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. The Law was widely advertised with proponents claiming that it would introduce greater equity in sentences, ensure certainty of punishment, and decrease violent crime in the state. We examine the processing of these Gun Law cases in Detroit Recorders Court, as well as the effec…
Collective Security and the Demand for Legal Handguns
One controversial element in the debate on firearms policy is whether crime and civil disorders contribute significantly to the private demand for firearms. In this paper we present a model to explain legal handgum demand that emphasizes the level of collective security as a key factor. Time-series data on legal gun demand in Detroit from 1951 to 1977 are consistent with a model in which individuals respond to three determinants of collective sec…
The Police, Crime, and Economic Theory: An Assessment
Spatial Autocorrelation Models for Galton's Problem
The effects of Galton's problem are discussed within a framework provided by the linear regression model. We examine five illustrative diffusion models and evaluate alternative estimation procedures (es pecially Naroll's linked pairs test and Wirsing's second order partial correlation). While no one procedure is adequate for all models, the specification of a diffusion model provides guidance in the selection of an appropriate estimation procedur…
One With A Gun Gets You Two: Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence in Detroit
Mandatory sentences for crimes committed with a gun are a popular policy because they promise a reduction in gun violence at a relatively low cost. In this article we present some results of a study of the implementa tion of such a law in Detroit, Michigan. Two major questions are discussed: (1) what effect did the Michigan gun law have on the certainty and severity of sentences; and (2) did the gun law reduce the number of serious violent crimes…
Mandatory Sentencing and the Abolition of Plea Bargaining: The Michigan Felony Firearm Statute
Increasing concern about the substantial discretion accorded prosecutors in plea negotiations and judges in sentencing decisions has led to a number of proposals to curtail both. In this paper, we assess the consequences of an attempt, simultaneously, to abolish plea bargaining and introduce mandatory sentencing. The Wayne County (Detroit) Prosecutor prohibited his subordinates from plea bargaining in any case in which a recently enacted state st…
Violence and Criminal Justice
Murdock-White Interdependence Alignment of Ethnographic Atlas Culture Clusters
The Murdock-White sampling alignment, prepared for their Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, is the procedure of choice for solving Galton's problem, in place of any of Naroll's alignments. In order to use the Mur dock-White alignment for societies other than the 186 in their sample, it is necessary to take advantage of the Loftin-Hill concordance, which cov ers the 862 societies of the 1967 Ethnographic Atlas. However, Loftin and Hill's original con…
Partial Correlation as an Adjustment Procedure for Galton's Problem
This paper provides a critical evaluation of the procedure that Naroll has suggested for using partial correlation to control for the effects of diffusion on estimates of functional relationships. An examination of par tial correlation and Naroll's formula shows that they are not consistent. Hypothetical data are used to demonstrate that Naroll's formula does not provide good estimates of the true functional relationships
Crime in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective
Regional Subculture and Homicide: An Examination of the Gastil-Hackney Thesis
Two recent comparative studies of regional variation in U.S. homicide rates by Sheldon Hackney and Raymond Gastil have been widely interpreted as verifying the hypothesis that the high levels of interpersonal violence, which characterize the Southern region, result largely from cultural factors that exist independent of the effects of situational variables. A close examination of Gastil's and Hackney's studies reveals that their estimates of the …
The Police, Crime, and Economic Theory: An Assessment
An Errors‐in‐variable Model of the Effect of Poverty on Urban Homicide Rates
Inconsistent findings on the relationship between poverty and violent crime have led some authors to question the presence of a structural relationship. There is reason, however, to believe that many of the existing estimates are biased because measures of poverty contain errors which are confounded with disturbances in the estimated models. In this paper we specify and estimate a model which accommodates the measurement error and provides an ins…
A Spatial Autocorrelation Model of the Effects of Population Density on Fertility
The relationship between fertility and population density that has been demonstrated with aggregate data is discussed and reexamined here. We argue that models which exclude considerations of spatial processes are incomplete and that therefore parameter estimates for such models are misleading. We then develop a model which incorporates spatial autocorrelation and reanalyze data from one well-known study of the effects of density on fertility usi…
Collective Security and the Demand for Legal Handguns
One controversial element in the debate on firearms policy is whether crime and civil disorders contribute significantly to the private demand for firearms. In this paper we present a model to explain legal handgum demand that emphasizes the level of collective security as a key factor. Time-series data on legal gun demand in Detroit from 1951 to 1977 are consistent with a model in which individuals respond to three determinants of collective sec…
Collective Security and the Ownership of Firearms for Protection
This paper examines the hypothesis that people purchase firearms for protection when confidence in collective institutions of justice and security declines. Analysis of survey data from Detroit indicates that gun ownership for protection is inversely related to confidence in the police and in the courts, and that these relationships are independent of demographic and socioeconomic variables and fear of crime
Mandatory Sentencing and the Abolition of Plea Bargaining: The Michigan Felony Firearm Statute
Increasing concern about the substantial discretion accorded prosecutors in plea negotiations and judges in sentencing decisions has led to a number of proposals to curtail both. In this paper, we assess the consequences of an attempt, simultaneously, to abolish plea bargaining and introduce mandatory sentencing. The Wayne County (Detroit) Prosecutor prohibited his subordinates from plea bargaining in any case in which a recently enacted state st…
Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence: Evaluating an Alternative to Gun Control
Michigan's Felony Firearm Statute (Gun Law) imposed a two-year mandatory add-on sentence for defendants convicted of possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. The Law was widely advertised with proponents claiming that it would introduce greater equity in sentences, ensure certainty of punishment, and decrease violent crime in the state. We examine the processing of these Gun Law cases in Detroit Recorders Court, as well as the effec…
One With A Gun Gets You Two: Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence in Detroit
Mandatory sentences for crimes committed with a gun are a popular policy because they promise a reduction in gun violence at a relatively low cost. In this article we present some results of a study of the implementa tion of such a law in Detroit, Michigan. Two major questions are discussed: (1) what effect did the Michigan gun law have on the certainty and severity of sentences; and (2) did the gun law reduce the number of serious violent crimes…
Galton's Problem as Spatial Autocorrelation: Comments on Ember's Empirical Test
The Effect of Police Employment on Crime
The effects of police employment on index violent trim rates and index property crime rates are studied using a maximum likelihood technique to estimate two‐wave multivariate panel models. Separate analyses are carried out for a sample of 252 U.S. suburbs and for a sample of 269 U.S. cities for the years 1960 and 1970
Underreporting of Justifiable Homicides Committed by Police Officers in the United States, 1976–1998
Objectives. This study assessed the consistency of estimates of the number of justifiable homicides committed by US police officers and identified sources of underreporting. Methods. The number of justifiable homicides committed by police officers between 1976 and 1998 was estimated from supplementary homicide report (SHR) and National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) mortality data. Results. Nationally, the SHR estimate was 29% larger than the NVS…
Comparing the Ucr and NCS Over Time
Measuring Protective Handgun Ownership
Hill et al. (1985) have suggested a measure of protective handgun ownership that can be implemented in an omnibus survey like the General Social Survey (GSS), which does not ask respondents why they own the gun. Using the 1980 GSS and their refined measure, Hill et al. report (among other things) that fear of crime and prior victimization increase the likelihood that men, but not women, will own handguns for protection. Their analysis, however, i…
Partial Correlation as an Adjustment Procedure for Galton's Problem
This paper provides a critical evaluation of the procedure that Naroll has suggested for using partial correlation to control for the effects of diffusion on estimates of functional relationships. An examination of par tial correlation and Naroll's formula shows that they are not consistent. Hypothetical data are used to demonstrate that Naroll's formula does not provide good estimates of the true functional relationships
Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis
Journal Article Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis Get access Rebekah Chu, Rebekah Chu University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Craig Rivera, Craig Rivera University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University at Albany, State…
A Comparison of Alignment Procedures for Tests of Galton's Problem
Preventing homicide: An evaluation of the efficacy of a Detroit gun ordinance
BACKGROUND: In November 1986, a Detroit, Michigan city ordinance requiring mandatory jail sentences for illegally carrying a firearm in public was passed to preserve "the public peace, health, safety, and welfare of the people." METHODS: We conducted a set of interrupted time-series analyses to evaluate the impact of the law on the incidence of homicides, hypothesizing that the ordinance, by its nature, would affect only firearm homicides and hom…
Collective Security and Fatal Firearm Accidents
This paper offers an explanation for rates of fatal firearm accidents in terms of confidence in collectively provided justice and security. It describes the collective security model and presents an analysis of time‐series data from Detroit which supports it: accidental gunshot deaths varied positively with violent crime and civil disturbances and negatively with the allocation of resources to the police. Finally, it discusses some implications f…
Do strong communities increase homicide? an evaluation of the Nisbett‐Cohen thesis
Cohen (1998) describes a study showing that, in the US, regionally distributed culture controls the direction of the relationship between social disorganization and homicide rates. In the South and West, where, according to the Nisbett‐Cohen theory, there is a “culture of honor”, strong community and family bonds increase argumentrelated homicides. Conversely, in the North, where cultural beliefs do not support violence in response to insults, st…
Using Quasi-Experiments to Evaluate Firearm Laws: Comment on Britt et al.'s Reassessment of the D.C. Gun Law
The strength of research designs is relative. Compared with true experiments, quasi-experimental designs are weak. Compared with cross-sectional designs, they are strong. One can further strengthen inferences from quasi-experiments by examining a broader pattern of data. We agree with Britt, Kleck, and Bordua when they recommend that researchers expand the range of inquiry. We disagree with them when they recommend that researchers restrict it. T…
Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928-76
Journal Article Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928–76 Get access David McDowall, David McDowall State University of New York at Albany Address correspondence to David McDowall, School of Criminal Justice, SUNY-Albany, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goo…
Spatial Autocorrelation Models for Galton's Problem
The effects of Galton's problem are discussed within a framework provided by the linear regression model. We examine five illustrative diffusion models and evaluate alternative estimation procedures (es pecially Naroll's linked pairs test and Wirsing's second order partial correlation). While no one procedure is adequate for all models, the specification of a diffusion model provides guidance in the selection of an appropriate estimation procedur…
Galton's Problem as Spatial Autocorrelation: Comments on Ember's Empirical Test
A Comparison of Alignment Procedures for Tests of Galton's Problem
Regional Subculture and Homicide: An Examination of the Gastil-Hackney Thesis
Two recent comparative studies of regional variation in U.S. homicide rates by Sheldon Hackney and Raymond Gastil have been widely interpreted as verifying the hypothesis that the high levels of interpersonal violence, which characterize the Southern region, result largely from cultural factors that exist independent of the effects of situational variables. A close examination of Gastil's and Hackney's studies reveals that their estimates of the …
Partial Correlation as an Adjustment Procedure for Galton's Problem
This paper provides a critical evaluation of the procedure that Naroll has suggested for using partial correlation to control for the effects of diffusion on estimates of functional relationships. An examination of par tial correlation and Naroll's formula shows that they are not consistent. Hypothetical data are used to demonstrate that Naroll's formula does not provide good estimates of the true functional relationships
Crime in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective
Violence and Criminal Justice
Murdock-White Interdependence Alignment of Ethnographic Atlas Culture Clusters
The Murdock-White sampling alignment, prepared for their Standard Cross-Cultural Sample, is the procedure of choice for solving Galton's problem, in place of any of Naroll's alignments. In order to use the Mur dock-White alignment for societies other than the 186 in their sample, it is necessary to take advantage of the Loftin-Hill concordance, which cov ers the 862 societies of the 1967 Ethnographic Atlas. However, Loftin and Hill's original con…
Mandatory Sentencing and the Abolition of Plea Bargaining: The Michigan Felony Firearm Statute
Increasing concern about the substantial discretion accorded prosecutors in plea negotiations and judges in sentencing decisions has led to a number of proposals to curtail both. In this paper, we assess the consequences of an attempt, simultaneously, to abolish plea bargaining and introduce mandatory sentencing. The Wayne County (Detroit) Prosecutor prohibited his subordinates from plea bargaining in any case in which a recently enacted state st…
Spatial Autocorrelation Models for Galton's Problem
The effects of Galton's problem are discussed within a framework provided by the linear regression model. We examine five illustrative diffusion models and evaluate alternative estimation procedures (es pecially Naroll's linked pairs test and Wirsing's second order partial correlation). While no one procedure is adequate for all models, the specification of a diffusion model provides guidance in the selection of an appropriate estimation procedur…
One With A Gun Gets You Two: Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence in Detroit
Mandatory sentences for crimes committed with a gun are a popular policy because they promise a reduction in gun violence at a relatively low cost. In this article we present some results of a study of the implementa tion of such a law in Detroit, Michigan. Two major questions are discussed: (1) what effect did the Michigan gun law have on the certainty and severity of sentences; and (2) did the gun law reduce the number of serious violent crimes…
The Police, Crime, and Economic Theory: An Assessment
The Effect of Police Employment on Crime
The effects of police employment on index violent trim rates and index property crime rates are studied using a maximum likelihood technique to estimate two‐wave multivariate panel models. Separate analyses are carried out for a sample of 252 U.S. suburbs and for a sample of 269 U.S. cities for the years 1960 and 1970
A Spatial Autocorrelation Model of the Effects of Population Density on Fertility
The relationship between fertility and population density that has been demonstrated with aggregate data is discussed and reexamined here. We argue that models which exclude considerations of spatial processes are incomplete and that therefore parameter estimates for such models are misleading. We then develop a model which incorporates spatial autocorrelation and reanalyze data from one well-known study of the effects of density on fertility usi…
Mandatory Sentencing and Firearms Violence: Evaluating an Alternative to Gun Control
Michigan's Felony Firearm Statute (Gun Law) imposed a two-year mandatory add-on sentence for defendants convicted of possession of a firearm in the commission of a felony. The Law was widely advertised with proponents claiming that it would introduce greater equity in sentences, ensure certainty of punishment, and decrease violent crime in the state. We examine the processing of these Gun Law cases in Detroit Recorders Court, as well as the effec…
Collective Security and the Demand for Legal Handguns
One controversial element in the debate on firearms policy is whether crime and civil disorders contribute significantly to the private demand for firearms. In this paper we present a model to explain legal handgum demand that emphasizes the level of collective security as a key factor. Time-series data on legal gun demand in Detroit from 1951 to 1977 are consistent with a model in which individuals respond to three determinants of collective sec…
An Errors‐in‐variable Model of the Effect of Poverty on Urban Homicide Rates
Inconsistent findings on the relationship between poverty and violent crime have led some authors to question the presence of a structural relationship. There is reason, however, to believe that many of the existing estimates are biased because measures of poverty contain errors which are confounded with disturbances in the estimated models. In this paper we specify and estimate a model which accommodates the measurement error and provides an ins…
Collective Security and Fatal Firearm Accidents
This paper offers an explanation for rates of fatal firearm accidents in terms of confidence in collectively provided justice and security. It describes the collective security model and presents an analysis of time‐series data from Detroit which supports it: accidental gunshot deaths varied positively with violent crime and civil disturbances and negatively with the allocation of resources to the police. Finally, it discusses some implications f…
Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928-76
Journal Article Fiscal Politics and the Police: Detroit, 1928–76 Get access David McDowall, David McDowall State University of New York at Albany Address correspondence to David McDowall, School of Criminal Justice, SUNY-Albany, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12222. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goo…
Collective Security and the Ownership of Firearms for Protection
This paper examines the hypothesis that people purchase firearms for protection when confidence in collective institutions of justice and security declines. Analysis of survey data from Detroit indicates that gun ownership for protection is inversely related to confidence in the police and in the courts, and that these relationships are independent of demographic and socioeconomic variables and fear of crime
Preventing homicide: An evaluation of the efficacy of a Detroit gun ordinance
BACKGROUND: In November 1986, a Detroit, Michigan city ordinance requiring mandatory jail sentences for illegally carrying a firearm in public was passed to preserve "the public peace, health, safety, and welfare of the people." METHODS: We conducted a set of interrupted time-series analyses to evaluate the impact of the law on the incidence of homicides, hypothesizing that the ordinance, by its nature, would affect only firearm homicides and hom…
Measuring Protective Handgun Ownership
Hill et al. (1985) have suggested a measure of protective handgun ownership that can be implemented in an omnibus survey like the General Social Survey (GSS), which does not ask respondents why they own the gun. Using the 1980 GSS and their refined measure, Hill et al. report (among other things) that fear of crime and prior victimization increase the likelihood that men, but not women, will own handguns for protection. Their analysis, however, i…
Comparing the Ucr and NCS Over Time
Using Quasi-Experiments to Evaluate Firearm Laws: Comment on Britt et al.'s Reassessment of the D.C. Gun Law
The strength of research designs is relative. Compared with true experiments, quasi-experimental designs are weak. Compared with cross-sectional designs, they are strong. One can further strengthen inferences from quasi-experiments by examining a broader pattern of data. We agree with Britt, Kleck, and Bordua when they recommend that researchers expand the range of inquiry. We disagree with them when they recommend that researchers restrict it. T…
Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis
Journal Article Herding and Homicide: An Examination of the Nisbett-Reaves Hypothesis Get access Rebekah Chu, Rebekah Chu University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Craig Rivera, Craig Rivera University at Albany, State University of New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Colin Loftin Colin Loftin University at Albany, State…
Do strong communities increase homicide? an evaluation of the Nisbett‐Cohen thesis
Cohen (1998) describes a study showing that, in the US, regionally distributed culture controls the direction of the relationship between social disorganization and homicide rates. In the South and West, where, according to the Nisbett‐Cohen theory, there is a “culture of honor”, strong community and family bonds increase argumentrelated homicides. Conversely, in the North, where cultural beliefs do not support violence in response to insults, st…
Criminology (19 works) · Psychology (16 works) · Political science (15 works) · Sociology (15 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (14 works) · Law (13 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Medicine (9 works) · Poison control (9 works)