Klim Mcpherson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3893281 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Klim Mcpherson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Klim |
| FAMILY NAME | Mcpherson |
| SIGNATURE | MCPHERSON K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Oxford |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5461-2569 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 36 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Child and adolescent obesity
Alarming predictions for obesity and non-communicable diseases in the Middle East
Objective The present study aimed to model obesity trends and future obesity-related disease for nine countries in the Middle East; in addition, to explore how hypothetical reductions in population obesity levels could ameliorate anticipated disease burdens. Design A regression analysis of cross-sectional data v . BMI showed age- and sex-specific BMI trends, which fed into a micro simulation with a million Monte Carlo trials for each country. We …
Obesity prevalence in Mexico
Objective Along with other countries having high and low-to-middle income, Mexico has experienced a substantial change in obesity rates. This rapid growth in obesity prevalence has led to high rates of obesity-related diseases and associated health-care costs. Design Micro-simulation is used to project future BMI trends. Additionally thirteen BMI-related diseases and health-care costs are estimated. The results are simulated for three hypothetica…
PP03 A Big Problem for a Big Country. The Health and Economic Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Russia
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Russia is 2-3 times higher than in the rest of the developed world and accounts for 57% of all deaths. It has been observed that in recent years mortality from stroke is declining, whereas that from myocardial infarction is increasing. Modifiable risk factors: excessive alcohol and tobacco consumption, diet and sedentary lifestyles, have a negative effect on life expectancy resulting in high mo…
OP26 By-State Comparison of Obesity Trends in The Adult Population of the United States of America
Background Excess bodyweight is associated with negative effects on longevity, disability-free life-years, quality-of-life, and productivity. High prevalence of obesity and over-weight is often related to socioeconomic status, educational attainment, and ethnic group. The combination of rising obesity prevalence and increased spending on obese people has been estimated to account for 27% of the growth in US health-care expenditure between 1987 an…
Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK
The global obesity pandemic
P2-451 What will be the impact of current trends of obesity in Brazil and Mexico on their future healthcare demands
Introduction Brazil and Mexico are two of the fastest growing economies in the world. Mexico currently has one of the largest prevalence's of obesity in the world 24.2% for men and 34.5% for women in 2006 while Brazil has much lower levels of 8.9% and 13.1% (2003 figures). What will be the future impact of these trends particularly for their respective healthcare systems. Methods Utilising the method developed for the Foresight Tackling Obesities…
P2-185 Is the rise in obesity prevalence in England and Wales flattening
Introduction Estimates suggest that by 2020 around 40% of adults will be obese, this is likely to cause a serious rise in related morbidity and mortality and health service cost. This work examines the Health Survey for England from 1993 to 2008, to test for a recent change in the apparently inexorable rise in the prevalence of obesity. Methods We compared these projections using methods developed for the Foresight Tackling Obesities programme fo…
O4-2.1 Foresight tackling obesities
Foresight is a permanent part of the UK Government Office for science led by the Government Chief Scientist. Its purpose is to take a long term look at the prospects for particular issues thought to have impact on society. Obesity was chosen at a time when its growth in prevalence was inexorably rising and attempts to deal with it had failed; targets set by the Dept of Health had routinely been exceeded. This presentation will review the work of …
P1-38 Modelling the future burdens of chronic disease the lessons from foresight and beyond
Introduction As the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to climb, the challenges of quantifying the impact of this epidemic to inform decision makers becomes more urgent. Drawing on experiences of work in England, USA, Brazil, Mexico and Russian Federation we will demonstrate how the application of micro simulation modelling can lead to a systematic understanding of the associated morbidities, economic burden and inform policy makers form ef…
P1-239 How changes in the rates of obesity and smoking prevalence in England will have an impact on the future incidence of coronary heart disease
Introduction Smoking prevalence in England has been falling since the 1970s, leading to a substantial reduction in Coronary Heart Disease; but it is now relatively static. At the same time obesity rates have steadily been rising. This is confounded by the fact that giving up smoking has been associated with significant weight gain. Methods We use methods developed for the English Government Tackling Obesities to predict future trends in obesity a…
Improving quality of mother-infant relationship and infant attachment in socioeconomically deprived community in South Africa
OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve the mother-infant relationship and security of infant attachment in a South African peri-urban settlement with marked adverse socioeconomic circumstances. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Khayelitsha, a peri-urban settlement in South Africa. PARTICIPANTS: 449 pregnant women. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention was delivered from late pregnancy and for six months pos…
Cancer information seeking
AUTHOR Studstill, John TITLE Enhancing Self-Concept and Self-Esteem: Program Planning and Teaching Techniques for Educators of Migrant Students. INSTITUTION Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Center for Urban Research and Service. SPONS AGENCY Georgia State Dept. of Education, Atlanta.: Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (ED), Washington, DC. Migrant Education Programs. PUB DATE 85 NOTE 88p. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055)
Removing organs “just in case”—is prophylactic removal of the ovaries a good thing
This papers highlights the issues and illustrates a research agenda for trying to disentangle the problems of the continuing use of an untested technbology—prophylactic oophorectomy—at the time of hysterectomy
Uptake of screening for breast cancer in patients with mental health problems
Objectives: Mental illness is associated with physical illness and mortality from a variety of causes including cancer. There is little information on screening attendance among the mentally ill population. An audit was conducted of a breast screening service in inner London to determine uptake rates in women with mental illness. Design: Cross sectional data linkage study of the local screening register and patients of the local psychiatric units…
Psychosexual health 5 years after hysterectomy
Background We report a population‐based comparison of psychosexual health 5 years after contrasting amounts of surgical treatments for heavy periods [dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)]. Women's fears about sexual function after hysterectomy might not be unfounded. The psychosexual problems may return and/or develop with time. The removal of ovaries at the time of hysterectomy is associated with greater deterioration of self‐reported sexual fun…
Dose and duration of hormone use
The effects of exogenous hormones on diseases that are hormonally related, particularly breast cancer, cause concerns. Breast cancer is common and the relation with hormones complex. Millions of women have taken menopausal oestrogen and progesterone (hormone therapy, HT) for prolonged periods to alleviate menopausal symptoms, to prevent osteoporosis, and to prevent coronary heart disease too. The breast cancer risk of HT has been investigated sin…
Where Are We Now with Hormone Replacement Therapy
Menopausal symptoms can be grim, and the desire to replace the hormonal “deficit” with exogenous hormones remains strong. Since the 1950s, hormone replacement therapy has been used increasingly, while evidence on the risks of unwanted side effects has accumulated. What have we learned over these decades? Firstly, current biological theory does not predict the effects of hormones on cancer and cardiovascular disease well. Secondly, mass prescripti…
My ideal minister of health
Will have the guts to maximise health The perfect minister of health would have to understand about health—not so much the desperate manifestations of ill health. Such a person would have to understand that a large proportion of chronic illness—at least until age 75 or thereabouts is essentially avoidable. Then health policy might change so that in the longer run the population served would be healthier and the expenditure of medical services pro…
Type 3 errors, pill scares, and the epidemiology of oral contraception and health
Mortality in vegetarians and non-vegetarians
Objective: To compare the mortality rates of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Design: Collaborative analysis using original data from five prospective studies. Death rate ratios for vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians were calculated for ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancers of the stomach, large bowel, lung, breast and prostate, and for all causes of death. All results were adjusted for age, sex and smoking. A random effe…
"Wider "causal thinking in the health sciences
Health services and mortality in developed countries
The article on pages 344-348 is a wonderful example of confounding in epidemiological in- vestigations of mortality, when the expectation would naturally have been that health care provision would be negatively associated with all cause mortality. This study calculates the correlation of mortality at different ages with the most obvious and measurable aggregated indices of health care and consumption inputs. Surprisingly, among the highest positi…
Why do women doctors in the UK take hormone replacement therapy
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the determinants and experiences of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use by menopausal women doctors. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire. SETTING: UK. PATIENTS: A randomized stratified sample of women doctors who obtained full registration between 1952 and 1976, taken from the current Principal List of the UK Medical Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current and previous use of HRT; reasons for and against HRT use; menopa…
Do British women undergo too many or too few hysterectomies
The Cochrane Lecture. The best and the enemy of the good
This lecture aimed to create a bridge to span the conceptual and ideological gap between randomised controlled trials and systematic observational comparisons and to reduce unwanted and unproductive polarisation. The argument, simply put, is that since randomisation alone eliminates the selection effect of therapeutic decision making, anything short of randomisation to attribute cause to consequent outcome is a waste of time. If observational com…
"Wider "causal thinking in the health sciences
Why do women doctors in the UK take hormone replacement therapy
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the determinants and experiences of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use by menopausal women doctors. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire. SETTING: UK. PATIENTS: A randomized stratified sample of women doctors who obtained full registration between 1952 and 1976, taken from the current Principal List of the UK Medical Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current and previous use of HRT; reasons for and against HRT use; menopa…
Reliability of questionnaire responses as compared with interview in the elderly
Removing organs “just in case”—is prophylactic removal of the ovaries a good thing
This papers highlights the issues and illustrates a research agenda for trying to disentangle the problems of the continuing use of an untested technbology—prophylactic oophorectomy—at the time of hysterectomy
Emergency appendicectomy and meat consumption in the UK
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare the rates of reported emergency appendicectomies in a cohort study of vegetarians and non-vegetarians by participants' history of meat consumption. DESIGN--This was a prospective cohort study in which participants were asked about their lifetime history of meat consumption/avoidance and, separately, whether they had had an appendicectomy. Appendicectomy was described as either "emergency" or "non-emergency" according t…
My ideal minister of health
Will have the guts to maximise health The perfect minister of health would have to understand about health—not so much the desperate manifestations of ill health. Such a person would have to understand that a large proportion of chronic illness—at least until age 75 or thereabouts is essentially avoidable. Then health policy might change so that in the longer run the population served would be healthier and the expenditure of medical services pro…
Type 3 errors, pill scares, and the epidemiology of oral contraception and health
Early oral contraceptive use and breast cancer
Many cancers and other chronic diseases are associated with a long delay between exposure to a putative risk factor and subsequent diagnosis. This presents well recognised problems in the elucidation of suspected risk factors by epidemiological methods. In this paper we discuss the interpretation in epidemiological studies of the effect of a possible risk factor when population exposure is recent and rapidly changing. An important contemporary ex…
Sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice of undergraduates at Oxford University
At the end of the 4th week of the Hilary Term 1977, 1006 male and 1009 female undergraduates at Oxford University were sent a questionnaire enquiring about their sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice. Of the 862 women and 634 men who replied, 512 women (59%) and 332 men (52%) had experienced sexual intercourse, 396 women and 191 men in the 4-week period preceding receipt of the questionnaire. No contraception had been used by 27% of the wom…
Regional variations in the use of common surgical procedures
Small-Area Variations in the Use of Common Surgical Procedures
We examined the incidence of seven common surgical procedures in seven hospital service areas in southern Norway, in 21 districts in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom, and in the 18 most heavily populated hospital service areas in Vermont, Maine, and Rhode Island. Although surgical rates were higher in the New England states than in the United Kingdom or Norway, there was no greater degree of variability in the rates of surgery among the se…
Neoplasia of the Cervix Uteri and Contraception
Do cholecystectomy rates correlate with geographic variations in the prevalence of gallstones
Two fold variations in the age and sex standardised post mortem prevalence of gallstones have been demonstrated between nine British towns by Barker and his colleagues. We have examined the rates of cholecystectomy in the Districts serving seven of these towns to discover whether the incidence of operation bears any relation to this variation in morbidity. The opportunity to compare independent measurements of morbidity with the supply of health …
Early oral contraceptive use and breast cancer
Many cancers and other chronic diseases are associated with a long delay between exposure to a putative risk factor and subsequent diagnosis. This presents well recognised problems in the elucidation of suspected risk factors by epidemiological methods. In this paper we discuss the interpretation in epidemiological studies of the effect of a possible risk factor when population exposure is recent and rapidly changing. An important contemporary ex…
Do British women undergo too many or too few hysterectomies
Society for Social Medicine
Reliability of questionnaire responses as compared with interview in the elderly
Prevalence of smoking in Bahrain
Correspondence to : Professor Hamadeh. Abstract Objective To determine (a) the preva lence of smoking and its distribution by demographic characteristics in the gen eral population of Bahrain; (6) the types and pattern of smoking ; and (c) smoking trends. Design Analysis of smoking and demo graphic questions from a 4 5 % sample of households. The survey was conducted between September 1981 and February 1983. A two stage sampling design was used, …
The Role of Expectations in Patients?? Reports of Post-Operative Outcomes and Improvement Following Therapy
Outcomes research typically focuses on the technical capabilities associated with treatment that predicts patients' post-therapy outcomes adjusting for health-related factors. Research on the ability of placebo therapy to alter outcomes suggests that a patient's expectations about therapy can also influence outcomes. Few studies have examined the effects of expectations and their implications for assessing outcomes. This study followed 348 patien…
The Cochrane Lecture. The best and the enemy of the good
This lecture aimed to create a bridge to span the conceptual and ideological gap between randomised controlled trials and systematic observational comparisons and to reduce unwanted and unproductive polarisation. The argument, simply put, is that since randomisation alone eliminates the selection effect of therapeutic decision making, anything short of randomisation to attribute cause to consequent outcome is a waste of time. If observational com…
Emergency appendicectomy and meat consumption in the UK
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To compare the rates of reported emergency appendicectomies in a cohort study of vegetarians and non-vegetarians by participants' history of meat consumption. DESIGN--This was a prospective cohort study in which participants were asked about their lifetime history of meat consumption/avoidance and, separately, whether they had had an appendicectomy. Appendicectomy was described as either "emergency" or "non-emergency" according t…
Response of women aged 65-74 to invitation for screening for breast cancer by mammography
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the response and benefits to be gained from mammographic screening for breast cancer in women aged 65-74, who are not normally invited for screening. DESIGN: This was a pilot study comprising women aged 65-74 who are not currently invited for routine screening under the NHS breast screening programme. The results from this study were compared with the results of routinely screened women (aged 50-64) from the same health …
Health services and mortality in developed countries
The article on pages 344-348 is a wonderful example of confounding in epidemiological in- vestigations of mortality, when the expectation would naturally have been that health care provision would be negatively associated with all cause mortality. This study calculates the correlation of mortality at different ages with the most obvious and measurable aggregated indices of health care and consumption inputs. Surprisingly, among the highest positi…
Why do women doctors in the UK take hormone replacement therapy
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain the determinants and experiences of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use by menopausal women doctors. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire. SETTING: UK. PATIENTS: A randomized stratified sample of women doctors who obtained full registration between 1952 and 1976, taken from the current Principal List of the UK Medical Register. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Current and previous use of HRT; reasons for and against HRT use; menopa…
Mortality in vegetarians and non-vegetarians
Objective: To compare the mortality rates of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Design: Collaborative analysis using original data from five prospective studies. Death rate ratios for vegetarians compared to non-vegetarians were calculated for ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancers of the stomach, large bowel, lung, breast and prostate, and for all causes of death. All results were adjusted for age, sex and smoking. A random effe…
"Wider "causal thinking in the health sciences
Type 3 errors, pill scares, and the epidemiology of oral contraception and health
My ideal minister of health
Will have the guts to maximise health The perfect minister of health would have to understand about health—not so much the desperate manifestations of ill health. Such a person would have to understand that a large proportion of chronic illness—at least until age 75 or thereabouts is essentially avoidable. Then health policy might change so that in the longer run the population served would be healthier and the expenditure of medical services pro…
Where Are We Now with Hormone Replacement Therapy
Menopausal symptoms can be grim, and the desire to replace the hormonal “deficit” with exogenous hormones remains strong. Since the 1950s, hormone replacement therapy has been used increasingly, while evidence on the risks of unwanted side effects has accumulated. What have we learned over these decades? Firstly, current biological theory does not predict the effects of hormones on cancer and cardiovascular disease well. Secondly, mass prescripti…
Psychosexual health 5 years after hysterectomy
Background We report a population‐based comparison of psychosexual health 5 years after contrasting amounts of surgical treatments for heavy periods [dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)]. Women's fears about sexual function after hysterectomy might not be unfounded. The psychosexual problems may return and/or develop with time. The removal of ovaries at the time of hysterectomy is associated with greater deterioration of self‐reported sexual fun…
Dose and duration of hormone use
The effects of exogenous hormones on diseases that are hormonally related, particularly breast cancer, cause concerns. Breast cancer is common and the relation with hormones complex. Millions of women have taken menopausal oestrogen and progesterone (hormone therapy, HT) for prolonged periods to alleviate menopausal symptoms, to prevent osteoporosis, and to prevent coronary heart disease too. The breast cancer risk of HT has been investigated sin…
Cancer information seeking
AUTHOR Studstill, John TITLE Enhancing Self-Concept and Self-Esteem: Program Planning and Teaching Techniques for Educators of Migrant Students. INSTITUTION Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Center for Urban Research and Service. SPONS AGENCY Georgia State Dept. of Education, Atlanta.: Office of Elementary and Secondary Education (ED), Washington, DC. Migrant Education Programs. PUB DATE 85 NOTE 88p. PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055)
Removing organs “just in case”—is prophylactic removal of the ovaries a good thing
This papers highlights the issues and illustrates a research agenda for trying to disentangle the problems of the continuing use of an untested technbology—prophylactic oophorectomy—at the time of hysterectomy
Medicine (37 works) · Environmental health (19 works) · Population (17 works) · Demography (14 works) · Internal Medicine (13 works) · Gynecology (10 works) · Obesity (10 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Internal Medicine (9 works)