Kristian Bernt Karlson
Biographic Data
| ID | 3939052 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kristian Bernt Karlson |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kristian Bernt |
| FAMILY NAME | Karlson |
| SIGNATURE | KARLSON K B |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Copenhagen |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4009-7954 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 586 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 22 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2010 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Family background and life cycle earnings volatility: Evidence from brother correlations in Denmark, Germany, and the United States
While stratification scholars have extensively examined intergenerational associations in lifetime income, they have mostly disregarded how family background affects exposure to income volatility over the life course. As exposure to volatility represents a non-desirable outcome associated with negative shocks to individuals’ welfare, studying the link between family background and volatility is key to further advancing the understanding of how fa…
Decomposing sibling correlations: A New Measure of Group-Specific Intergenerational Persistence in Socioeconomic Outcomes
We introduce a novel approach for decomposing sibling correlations in socioeconomic attainment into group-specific components. These groups are defined at the family level, based on factors such as parental income, marital status, race, or the gender composition of siblings. Unlike existing studies that compare sibling correlations across different groups, our method accounts for differences in average outcomes between groups in the overall outco…
Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market outcomes: Six countries in comparison
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educa…
Origins of attainment: Do Brother Correlations in Occupational Status and Income Overlap
We study the overlap in the overall impact of family background on two widely studied labour market outcomes by considering whether brother similarities in occupational status are rooted in the same underlying family characteristics that affect brother similarities in income. We extend previous research using sibling correlations as an omnibus measure of total family background impact on a given outcome by directly quantifying how brother correla…
Black-White Trends in Intergenerational Educational Mobility: A Positional Analysis
This article examines black-white differences in intergenerational educational mobility for cohorts born in the United States during 1915–84. Using a novel mobility measure based on relative educational positions, the author compares racial mobility flows across the entire schooling distribution. The empirical analysis reveals widespread equalization among blacks and whites in upward mobility out of the bottom of the schooling distribution but wi…
The nature-nurture of academic achievement at the intersection between gender, family background, and school context
We investigate the role of gender, family SES, school SES, and their intersection in educational achievement using a twin design. Drawing on theories of gene-environment interaction, we test whether high-SES environments compensate genetic risks or enhance genetic potential, and its dependency on gender. Using data on 37,000 Danish twin and sibling pairs from population-wide administrative registers, we report three main findings. First, for fami…
Family Background, Educational Qualifications, and Labour Market Attainment: Evidence from Danish Siblings
Previous studies on how family background affects labour market outcomes among offspring with similar formal educational qualifications are limited either by the way in which they measure family background or by the detail level by which they measure educational attainment. To address these limitations, we develop a comprehensive approach based on sibling similarities in labour market outcomes. Applying the approach to high-quality register data …
A Note on a Reformulation of the KHB Method
The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method has rapidly become popular as a way of separating the impact of confounding from rescaling when comparing conditional and unconditional parameter estimates in nonlinear probability models such as the logit and probit. In this note, we show that the same estimates can be obtained in a somewhat different way to that advanced by Karlson, Holm, and Breen in their original article and implemented in the user-written…
Education as a mediator of the association between origins and destinations: The role of early skills
College as equalizer? Testing the selectivity hypothesis
Interpreting and Understanding Logits, Probits, and Other Nonlinear Probability Models
Methods textbooks in sociology and other social sciences routinely recommend the use of the logit or probit model when an outcome variable is binary, an ordered logit or ordered probit when it is ordinal, and a multinomial logit when it has more than two categories. But these methodological guidelines take little or no account of a body of work that, over the past 30 years, has pointed to problematic aspects of these nonlinear probability models …
Expectations on Track? High School Tracking and Adolescent Educational Expectations
This paper examines the role of adaptation in expectation formation processes by analyzing how educational tracking in high schools affects adolescents’ educational expectations. I argue that adolescents view track placement as a signal about their academic abilities and respond to it in terms of modifying their educational expectations. Applying a difference-in-differences approach to the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find t…
Præferencer for reproduktion? En analyse af den sociale stratificering af danske unges uddannelsesforventninger i henholdsvis 1968 og 2011
Nyere forskning i social ulighed i uddannelse viser, at den sociale baggrund sætter sig igennem unges uddannelsesvalg ud over de faglige meritter, som man i demokratiske samfund typisk ser som nøglen til at bryde den sociale arv. Artiklen belyser årsagerne bag denne regularitet ved at undersøge klasseforskelle i unges forventninger til deres uddannelsesmæssige fremtid for to kohorter af danske unge, der står foran deres første uddannelsesvalg, i …
Parental Incarceration and Child Mortality in Denmark
Objectives. We used Danish registry data to examine the association between parental incarceration and child mortality risk. Methods. We used a sample of all Danish children born in 1991 linked with parental information. We conducted discrete-time survival analysis separately for boys (n = 30 146) and girls (n = 28 702) to estimate the association of paternal and maternal incarceration with child mortality, controlling for parental sociodemograph…
Correlations and Nonlinear Probability Models
Although the parameters of logit and probit and other nonlinear probability models (NLPMs) are often explained and interpreted in relation to the regression coefficients of an underlying linear latent variable model, we argue that they may also be usefully interpreted in terms of the correlations between the dependent variable of the latent variable model and its predictor variables. We show how this correlation can be derived from the parameters…
Summarizing primary and secondary effects
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects in Logit and Probit Models
This article presents a method for estimating and interpreting total, direct, and indirect effects in logit or probit models. The method extends the decomposition properties of linear models to these models; it closes the much-discussed gap between results based on the 'difference in coefficients' method and the 'product of coefficients' method in mediation analysis involving nonlinear probability models models; it reports effects measured on bot…
Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality
Comparing Coefficients of Nested Nonlinear Probability Models
In a series of recent articles, Karlson, Holm, and Breen (Breen, Karlson, and Holm, 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=1730065 ; Karlson and Holm, 2011, Research in Stratification and Social Mobility 29: 221– 237; Karlson, Holm, and Breen, 2010, http://www.yale.edu/ciqle/Breen Scaling %20effects.pdf) have developed a method for comparing the estimated coefficients of two nested nonlinear probability models. In this article, w…
Kassen, kulturen og kontakterne: Økonomisk, kulturel og social kapital i to generationer
I denne artikel analyserer vi sammenhængen mellem økonomisk, kulturel og social kapital inden for og mellem to generationer af danskere født omkring 1930 og 1954. Vi analyserer data fra Ungdomsforløbsundersøgelsen og benytter konfirmativ faktoranalyse til at konstruere latente variable for de tre kapitalformer i begge generationer. Analysen viser, for det første, at der i begge generationer er en markant sammenhæng mellem respondenternes beholdni…
Multiple paths in educational transitions: A multinomial transition model with unobserved heterogeneity
Decomposing primary and secondary effects: A new decomposition method
Interpreting and Understanding Logits, Probits, and Other Nonlinear Probability Models
Methods textbooks in sociology and other social sciences routinely recommend the use of the logit or probit model when an outcome variable is binary, an ordered logit or ordered probit when it is ordinal, and a multinomial logit when it has more than two categories. But these methodological guidelines take little or no account of a body of work that, over the past 30 years, has pointed to problematic aspects of these nonlinear probability models …
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects in Logit and Probit Models
This article presents a method for estimating and interpreting total, direct, and indirect effects in logit or probit models. The method extends the decomposition properties of linear models to these models; it closes the much-discussed gap between results based on the 'difference in coefficients' method and the 'product of coefficients' method in mediation analysis involving nonlinear probability models models; it reports effects measured on bot…
Decomposing primary and secondary effects: A new decomposition method
College as equalizer? Testing the selectivity hypothesis
Parental Incarceration and Child Mortality in Denmark
Objectives. We used Danish registry data to examine the association between parental incarceration and child mortality risk. Methods. We used a sample of all Danish children born in 1991 linked with parental information. We conducted discrete-time survival analysis separately for boys (n = 30 146) and girls (n = 28 702) to estimate the association of paternal and maternal incarceration with child mortality, controlling for parental sociodemograph…
Correlations and Nonlinear Probability Models
Although the parameters of logit and probit and other nonlinear probability models (NLPMs) are often explained and interpreted in relation to the regression coefficients of an underlying linear latent variable model, we argue that they may also be usefully interpreted in terms of the correlations between the dependent variable of the latent variable model and its predictor variables. We show how this correlation can be derived from the parameters…
A Note on a Reformulation of the KHB Method
The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method has rapidly become popular as a way of separating the impact of confounding from rescaling when comparing conditional and unconditional parameter estimates in nonlinear probability models such as the logit and probit. In this note, we show that the same estimates can be obtained in a somewhat different way to that advanced by Karlson, Holm, and Breen in their original article and implemented in the user-written…
Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality
Multiple paths in educational transitions: A multinomial transition model with unobserved heterogeneity
Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market outcomes: Six countries in comparison
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educa…
Origins of attainment: Do Brother Correlations in Occupational Status and Income Overlap
We study the overlap in the overall impact of family background on two widely studied labour market outcomes by considering whether brother similarities in occupational status are rooted in the same underlying family characteristics that affect brother similarities in income. We extend previous research using sibling correlations as an omnibus measure of total family background impact on a given outcome by directly quantifying how brother correla…
Education as a mediator of the association between origins and destinations: The role of early skills
Summarizing primary and secondary effects
Family Background, Educational Qualifications, and Labour Market Attainment: Evidence from Danish Siblings
Previous studies on how family background affects labour market outcomes among offspring with similar formal educational qualifications are limited either by the way in which they measure family background or by the detail level by which they measure educational attainment. To address these limitations, we develop a comprehensive approach based on sibling similarities in labour market outcomes. Applying the approach to high-quality register data …
Black-White Trends in Intergenerational Educational Mobility: A Positional Analysis
This article examines black-white differences in intergenerational educational mobility for cohorts born in the United States during 1915–84. Using a novel mobility measure based on relative educational positions, the author compares racial mobility flows across the entire schooling distribution. The empirical analysis reveals widespread equalization among blacks and whites in upward mobility out of the bottom of the schooling distribution but wi…
The nature-nurture of academic achievement at the intersection between gender, family background, and school context
We investigate the role of gender, family SES, school SES, and their intersection in educational achievement using a twin design. Drawing on theories of gene-environment interaction, we test whether high-SES environments compensate genetic risks or enhance genetic potential, and its dependency on gender. Using data on 37,000 Danish twin and sibling pairs from population-wide administrative registers, we report three main findings. First, for fami…
Decomposing primary and secondary effects: A new decomposition method
Comparing Coefficients of Nested Nonlinear Probability Models
In a series of recent articles, Karlson, Holm, and Breen (Breen, Karlson, and Holm, 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=1730065 ; Karlson and Holm, 2011, Research in Stratification and Social Mobility 29: 221– 237; Karlson, Holm, and Breen, 2010, http://www.yale.edu/ciqle/Breen Scaling %20effects.pdf) have developed a method for comparing the estimated coefficients of two nested nonlinear probability models. In this article, w…
Kassen, kulturen og kontakterne: Økonomisk, kulturel og social kapital i to generationer
I denne artikel analyserer vi sammenhængen mellem økonomisk, kulturel og social kapital inden for og mellem to generationer af danskere født omkring 1930 og 1954. Vi analyserer data fra Ungdomsforløbsundersøgelsen og benytter konfirmativ faktoranalyse til at konstruere latente variable for de tre kapitalformer i begge generationer. Analysen viser, for det første, at der i begge generationer er en markant sammenhæng mellem respondenternes beholdni…
Multiple paths in educational transitions: A multinomial transition model with unobserved heterogeneity
Summarizing primary and secondary effects
Total, Direct, and Indirect Effects in Logit and Probit Models
This article presents a method for estimating and interpreting total, direct, and indirect effects in logit or probit models. The method extends the decomposition properties of linear models to these models; it closes the much-discussed gap between results based on the 'difference in coefficients' method and the 'product of coefficients' method in mediation analysis involving nonlinear probability models models; it reports effects measured on bot…
Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality
Præferencer for reproduktion? En analyse af den sociale stratificering af danske unges uddannelsesforventninger i henholdsvis 1968 og 2011
Nyere forskning i social ulighed i uddannelse viser, at den sociale baggrund sætter sig igennem unges uddannelsesvalg ud over de faglige meritter, som man i demokratiske samfund typisk ser som nøglen til at bryde den sociale arv. Artiklen belyser årsagerne bag denne regularitet ved at undersøge klasseforskelle i unges forventninger til deres uddannelsesmæssige fremtid for to kohorter af danske unge, der står foran deres første uddannelsesvalg, i …
Parental Incarceration and Child Mortality in Denmark
Objectives. We used Danish registry data to examine the association between parental incarceration and child mortality risk. Methods. We used a sample of all Danish children born in 1991 linked with parental information. We conducted discrete-time survival analysis separately for boys (n = 30 146) and girls (n = 28 702) to estimate the association of paternal and maternal incarceration with child mortality, controlling for parental sociodemograph…
Correlations and Nonlinear Probability Models
Although the parameters of logit and probit and other nonlinear probability models (NLPMs) are often explained and interpreted in relation to the regression coefficients of an underlying linear latent variable model, we argue that they may also be usefully interpreted in terms of the correlations between the dependent variable of the latent variable model and its predictor variables. We show how this correlation can be derived from the parameters…
Expectations on Track? High School Tracking and Adolescent Educational Expectations
This paper examines the role of adaptation in expectation formation processes by analyzing how educational tracking in high schools affects adolescents’ educational expectations. I argue that adolescents view track placement as a signal about their academic abilities and respond to it in terms of modifying their educational expectations. Applying a difference-in-differences approach to the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find t…
Interpreting and Understanding Logits, Probits, and Other Nonlinear Probability Models
Methods textbooks in sociology and other social sciences routinely recommend the use of the logit or probit model when an outcome variable is binary, an ordered logit or ordered probit when it is ordinal, and a multinomial logit when it has more than two categories. But these methodological guidelines take little or no account of a body of work that, over the past 30 years, has pointed to problematic aspects of these nonlinear probability models …
Education as a mediator of the association between origins and destinations: The role of early skills
College as equalizer? Testing the selectivity hypothesis
A Note on a Reformulation of the KHB Method
The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method has rapidly become popular as a way of separating the impact of confounding from rescaling when comparing conditional and unconditional parameter estimates in nonlinear probability models such as the logit and probit. In this note, we show that the same estimates can be obtained in a somewhat different way to that advanced by Karlson, Holm, and Breen in their original article and implemented in the user-written…
Family Background, Educational Qualifications, and Labour Market Attainment: Evidence from Danish Siblings
Previous studies on how family background affects labour market outcomes among offspring with similar formal educational qualifications are limited either by the way in which they measure family background or by the detail level by which they measure educational attainment. To address these limitations, we develop a comprehensive approach based on sibling similarities in labour market outcomes. Applying the approach to high-quality register data …
Black-White Trends in Intergenerational Educational Mobility: A Positional Analysis
This article examines black-white differences in intergenerational educational mobility for cohorts born in the United States during 1915–84. Using a novel mobility measure based on relative educational positions, the author compares racial mobility flows across the entire schooling distribution. The empirical analysis reveals widespread equalization among blacks and whites in upward mobility out of the bottom of the schooling distribution but wi…
The nature-nurture of academic achievement at the intersection between gender, family background, and school context
We investigate the role of gender, family SES, school SES, and their intersection in educational achievement using a twin design. Drawing on theories of gene-environment interaction, we test whether high-SES environments compensate genetic risks or enhance genetic potential, and its dependency on gender. Using data on 37,000 Danish twin and sibling pairs from population-wide administrative registers, we report three main findings. First, for fami…
Educational tracking and social inequalities in long-term labor market outcomes: Six countries in comparison
In this country-comparative study, we ask to what extent differentiation in secondary education accounts for the association between social origins and social destinations in adult age. We go beyond the widely applied formal definitions of educational tracking and particularly pay attention to country-specific approaches to educational differentiation. Our main expectation is that once we factor in these particularities, the degree to which educa…
Origins of attainment: Do Brother Correlations in Occupational Status and Income Overlap
We study the overlap in the overall impact of family background on two widely studied labour market outcomes by considering whether brother similarities in occupational status are rooted in the same underlying family characteristics that affect brother similarities in income. We extend previous research using sibling correlations as an omnibus measure of total family background impact on a given outcome by directly quantifying how brother correla…
Family background and life cycle earnings volatility: Evidence from brother correlations in Denmark, Germany, and the United States
While stratification scholars have extensively examined intergenerational associations in lifetime income, they have mostly disregarded how family background affects exposure to income volatility over the life course. As exposure to volatility represents a non-desirable outcome associated with negative shocks to individuals’ welfare, studying the link between family background and volatility is key to further advancing the understanding of how fa…
Decomposing sibling correlations: A New Measure of Group-Specific Intergenerational Persistence in Socioeconomic Outcomes
We introduce a novel approach for decomposing sibling correlations in socioeconomic attainment into group-specific components. These groups are defined at the family level, based on factors such as parental income, marital status, race, or the gender composition of siblings. Unlike existing studies that compare sibling correlations across different groups, our method accounts for differences in average outcomes between groups in the overall outco…
Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies (15 works) · Econometrics (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Economics (9 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Demographic economics (8 works) · School Choice and Performance (8 works) · Statistics (7 works)