Mel Gray
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 4002071 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Mel Gray |
| PRENOMES | Mel |
| SOBRENOME | Gray |
| ASSINATURA | GRAY M |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Newcastle Australia |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9886-5138 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 84 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 537 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 82 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1998 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 12 |
Social work, climate change and environmental justice
Considering increasing policy and scholarly claims that social work operates at the frontline of climate change, disaster response and environmental justice, this paper critically examines whether such claims are supported by empirical evidence. It addresses the central question of whether social work demonstrates a transformative, evidence-based role in advancing environmental outcomes. Drawing on a critical review of the environmental social wo…
Preparing for a bibliometric study of environmental social work
This research note describes the processes undertaken in preparation for a bibliometric study of environmental social work and the decisions made in selecting the literature that is relevant to this domain of study. Given the conceptual breadth of the field, the first step involved the clarification of epistemic boundaries as a prerequisite for meaningful cumulative knowledge production in this area of research. The research note, therefore, outl…
In search of a distinct identity for rural social work
This study of research literature on rural social work sought evidence to support claims regarding urban–rural differences in social work practice and the need for education programs to train students differently for rural social work. Following a comprehensive search of the relevant international English-language literature, the researchers identified 34 research articles on rural social work published between 2000 and 2023. Thematic analysis wa…
Social Work in Rural and Remote First Nations Communities in Australia
Islamophobia in social work
Islamophobia has become a pervasive feature of contemporary life, shaping Muslim experiences. Despite its relevance to social work’s commitments to social justice, it remains marginal and weakly theorized in mainstream scholarship. This article argues that this marginality reflects disciplinary knowledge formation rather than a simple research gap. A scoping review of Web of Science and Scopus – indexed social work journals found that only 33 of …
Rural social work in the wake of the Covid ‐19 pandemic
This paper reports on the findings of a study that involved a scoping review of literature on rural social work published between 2020 and 2024 in high‐ranked English‐language social work journals listed in the Journal Citation Reports. The study aimed to examine what this published literature had to say about the nature of rural social work in the wake of the COVID‐19 pandemic that not only brought unprecedented challenges to rural communities w…
The context-specific nature of rural social work practice
Drawing on the findings of a scoping review, this article highlights the context-specific nature of rural social work that makes it different from urban social work. It begins with a discussion of the marginalization of, and paucity of literature on, rural social work within the professional discourse before discussing the study’s methodology. It, then, focuses specifically on the findings relating to ‘context’ noting its centrality to definition…
Identifying Nigerian literature to inform culturally relevant social work education
This study is the first to provide evidence of an extensive Nigerian social work literature. It is significant as it unsettles and refutes the prevailing narrative of an absence of African, specifically Nigerian, social work literature to inform the development of a culturally relevant curriculum. A scoping review was conducted to identify Nigerian social work literature that yielded 308 papers. Health emerged as the most established area of rese…
Linking themes in social work relating to rural and environmental social work
The social work literature attests the profession’s transformative role in advancing environmental sustainability by shaping human interaction with the natural world and empowering individuals and communities to enact meaningful change to promote sustainable development. It does this through its attention to related issues concerning environmental justice, poverty, racism, sustainability, sustainable development and vulnerable populations. By hig…
Advancing scholarship on rural social work in China
A search of literature spanning 2000-2019 located 45 articles on rural social work in China in peer-reviewed international and Chinese journals, showing that this was an emerging area of research and scholarship. To explore the nature of, and enrich the knowledge base on, rural social work in China, this paper reports on an exploratory study that involved interviews with Chinese researchers (n = 11), who had published on the topic. Thematic analy…
Carving a Professional Identity for Chinese Social Work Shaped by Universalisation, Indigenisation, and Culturalism
China provides an extremely interesting contemporary case study for the international social work research community, given its questioning of the pertinence of the international definition of social work and stance in relation to the debates surrounding universalisation, internationalisation and indigenisation. This article begins by examining the evolving identity of Chinese social work, grounded as it is in China’s political ideology and socio…
Social legitimisation of social work
Despite its three-decade history, social work lacks professional status in Nepal. Drawing on authors’ own critical reflection, this article documents strategies to advance social work’s professional status through a process of social legitimation. Following a brief discussion of social work in Nepal, it reports on issues pertinent to, and efforts, thus far, to professionalise social work noting strategies to advance professional identity, status …
Enhancing the relevance of social work education in Nigeria
Quality locally relevant social work education is essential in social workers’ professional development and, in Nigeria, in the profession’s struggle for legitimacy and connection with local families and communities. It is also pivotal to efficient and effective service delivery in the contemporary digitally connected world, where myriad social issues warrant the professional intervention of skilled practitioners in diverse fields. Social workers…
A critical review of Chinese and international social work
This article presents a critical analysis of the challenges global social work standards present for mainland China (hereafter China) with its authoritarian political ideology that is in tension with the profession’s universal values grounded in liberal individualism. China is caught between the Scylla of universal standards and Charybdis of indigenisation seeking to adapt social work to its unique sociocultural contexts. Based on our extensive l…
Progress of the social service professions in South Africa's developmental social welfare system
This paper examines the progress of the social service professions delivering developmental social welfare in South Africa, a subject we have followed closely over the last 20 years. Being policy‐driven, developmental social welfare stemmed from expert social analyses that resulted in technically oriented solutions, including the broadening of social service professions. Twenty years on, it is hard to see developmental social welfare, as envisage…
Strategic processes to further the professional status of social work in Nigeria
This article examines pivotal issues relating to social workers’ search for professional recognition in Nigeria. It begins with a historical discussion of social work’s universal quest to establish a distinct professional identity. Thereafter, it examines Nigerian social work’s path to professionalisation before introducing an analytical framework through recourse to an R-lexicon to highlight the interrelated processes by which professions establ…
Older Women’s Expectations of Care, Reciprocity, and Government Support in Australia. ‘Am I Not Worthy?’
This paper considers the lived experience and meaning of care for women born between 1946 and 1951, who are living alone, and are participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH). The discussion is based on free-text survey comments (n = 150 women) and in-depth interview data (n = 15 women) exploring women’s experiences of ageing and their future expectations of care. It delves into tensions within relevant themes relat…
Back to my old self and life restarting
Drawing on free-text survey comments from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health (ALSWH), this article explores themes of transition and change in the lives of 150 women baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1951) in relation to Beck’s theories of the risk society, reflexive modernisation and individualisation. Few studies have explicitly explored ageing through Beck’s theoretical lenses. However, Beck’s emphasis on interactional proce…
Emergence of social work practice in rural China
Following massive socioeconomic reforms over the past three decades, social work in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) has developed at an unprecedented pace. To respond to social issues arising from accelerated economic development, the government has launched a large-scale programme to train a professional social work workforce of 1.45 million by 2020. Social work in mainland China has developed, and continues to develop, rapidly …
The expansion of developmental social work in Southern and East Africa
This article reports on a study that examined how fieldwork education in Southern and East Africa was responding to the developmental social work agenda. The study used semi-structured qualitative interviews with key informants from 15 social work programmes in 11 different Southern and East African countries. It investigated whether the social work fieldwork placements on offer provided practical experience of a developmental approach to social …
More than Science
This paper is based on my keynote presentation at the Annual Conference of the British Association for the Study of Spirituality in May 2016. I argue that two ways of knowing and forms of knowledge have provided the evidence we need to know that our modernist, rationalist worldview of the environment stands in the way of ‘better knowing for better responses’ to environmental sustainability. I argue that this knowledge — provided by traditional fo…
Re‐conceptualising the link between research and practice in social work
Despite the recent movement towards greater research use in many areas of social work, criticisms persist that decision making in practice is seldom informed by sound research evidence. Discourse about the research‐to‐practice gap in social work has tended to focus on the feasibility of evidence‐based practice for the profession, but has rarely drawn from the broader knowledge utilisation literature. There are important understandings to be gaine…
Finding the right connections
Gray M., Davies K., Butcher L. Finding the right connections: Peer support within a community‐based mental health service This article reports on a qualitative study that examined the organisational enablers and barriers to implementing peer support work in an Australian, rural, community‐based mental health service. Interviews with 19 peer and non‐peer staff were conducted to identify attitudes towards peer support and whether there were organis…
Making Research Count
A central question in the research utilisation literature is what happens to research evidence once it is produced. In social work, this has frequently translated to questions of whether and how social workers use research in practice. Despite these questions, relatively little is known about the ways in which research comes to be used in social work practice. This paper reports on a study of research utilisation in social work, which examined re…
Hovering above the stream
This article reports on qualitative Australian research that was conducted with 32 workers from Job Services Australia and Emergency Relief agencies. Researchers investigated the operationalisation of assistance for unemployed people to illuminate the language, discourse and processes through which workers and unemployed people were constructed within the quasi-market culture. Findings included individualistic and behaviourist frames, paradoxical…
Perspectives on Neoliberalism for Human Service Professionals
This article provides an overview of recent perspectives on neoliberalism, which serve as a foundation for the assessment of neoliberalism’s influence on human services practice. Conventionally, neoliberalism has been conceived of as an ideology, but more recent perspectives regard neoliberalism as an art of government, a thought collective, and an uneven but path-dependent process of regulatory development. We argue that these new perspectives h…
Indigenous Social Work around the World
Indigenization’ and knowledge development
This article attempts to extend the discourse on ‘indigenization’ from a marginal movement in social work to chart its course as a field of knowledge development that uses knowledge, training and resources that is particular to a culture and in which increasing numbers of leading researchers creatively pursue culturally and locally relevant research. It argues for the development of truly indigenized and culturally appropriate social work knowled…
Dilemmas of international social work
This article explores current paradoxical processes in inter‐national social work concerning the global diffusion of the social work profession's principles, values and practice methods or approaches. Some criticise these activities on the grounds that they are imperialistic. Others advocate strongly for the indigenisation of social work. Still others believe in social work's universality. This article attempts to stimulate debate on, and promote…
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
The article reports on the findings of a review of empirical studies examining the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the human services. Eleven studies were located that defined EBP as a research-informed, clinical decision-making process and identified barriers and facilitators to EBP implementation. A thematic analysis of the findings of the 11 studies produced a list of barriers to EBP implementation grouped in terms of inadeq…
Viewing Spirituality in Social Work through the Lens of Contemporary Social Theory
This paper locates the social work literature on spirituality within the broad theoretical and epistemological perspectives of late modernity. It focuses particularly on the rise of individualism and its culmination in the theory of reflexive modernization-life politics and subpolitics-and makes an appeal for an 'ecospiritual social work'-one which would take social work away from individualism back to its communitarian roots. The rise of spiritu…
Social enterprise
The paper explores the relevance of social enterprise to social work practice and policy development. Social enterprise refers to a broad set of approaches that use business acumen to address social goals. A marginal activity in social work for a long time, recently social enterprise has been thrust into the spotlight in debates about the future of social policy and community services. It is important that social workers understand the meaning an…
The environment and social work
Coates J, Gray M. The environment and social work: An overview and introduction This article provides an overview and analysis of social work's engagement with the modern environmental movement. Major trends and themes in environmental social work scholarship and the significance of interdisciplinarity are discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of a broad knowledge base and of working in unison with other professions in order to respond …
Putting the parity into service‐user participation
Models of service‐user participation have derived from citizenship or consumerist agendas, neither of which has achieved the structural reforms important for the most marginalised social work clients. This article proposes F raser's model of ‘parity of participation’ as an appropriately multifaceted frame for capturing the social justice aspirations of service‐user participation. A qualitative case study compared the experiences and expectations …
The return of the political in social work
This article is a follow‐up to our article ‘Revisiting social work as art’ and in part a response to Karen Healy's reply [both published in IJSW 17(2)]. It is, however, also a significant extension of this material since it engages with more general concerns about the critical project that is intrinsic to social work. Social work is not just about self‐foundation based on knowledge, values and skills formation, but also about self‐assertion. Cruc…
Emergence of social work practice in rural China
Following massive socioeconomic reforms over the past three decades, social work in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) has developed at an unprecedented pace. To respond to social issues arising from accelerated economic development, the government has launched a large-scale programme to train a professional social work workforce of 1.45 million by 2020. Social work in mainland China has developed, and continues to develop, rapidly …
There are no Answers, Only Choices
In teaching students about ethical decision making in social work, it is essential that the students are able to recognise the moral implications of their work and develop a deep understanding about ethical issues and their personal responsibility for making ethical choices. Thus, more than a “how to do it” approach is needed and teaching students about values and ethics is an essential thread that runs through our experience-based social work ed…
The progress of social development in South Africa
In 1998, James Midgley issued a challenge for scholars to provide a systematic description and examination of the South African experience in implementing social development. This article attempts to meet this challenge by examining the progress of developmental welfare or social development in the first ten years of South Africa's transition to democracy under African National Congress (ANC) rule. In this article it is argued that because social…
Social Work Professional Associations in South Africa
The progress of professional associations in South Africa is examined in order to provide an understanding of the dif.culties of forming one uni.ed body to represent social workers on international organizations. An overview of the development of the profession and the role of the professional organizations is provided. Some suggestions are made about the way forward if social workers wish to make more of a contribution to policy making
Moral Sources and Emergent Ethical Theories in Social Work
This paper examines the feminist ethics of care as an emergent ethical theory that casts ethical dispositions in a different way to the deontological focus on duties and rules and consequentialist–utilitarian focus on minimising harm. It is closer to, though different from, virtue ethics with its focus on moral character. The paper highlights the philosophical tensions within and between these disparate theories, suggesting nevertheless that disc…
Social work as art revisited
In this article we revisit ‘social work as art’, noting that it is just over 20 years since England's book on the subject provided a direction for the profession's early defence against empiricism. Those who picked up the ball handed to them by England tended to focus discussions of social work's ‘art’ on its soft side, embedding it in notions of ‘creativity’, ‘meaning’, ‘self‐expression’, ‘intuition’ and ‘quality’, all of which were said to char…
The political participation of social workers
This article reports on a comparative study that examined the political participation of social workers in KwaZulu‐Natal province in South Africa, the state of New South Wales (excluding the Hunter region) in Australia, and New Zealand. Each of these contexts had roughly the same number of social workers, that is, approximately 1,200. It was found that social workers in New Zealand tended to be more politically active than their counterparts in N…
What Supports and Impedes Evidence-Based Practice Implementation? A Survey of Australian Social Workers
This paper reports on findings from a national survey (n = 364) of social workers' views on what impedes and supports evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. In contrast to some prior research, support for EBP was found to be strong among the social workers surveyed. Open-ended responses, however, reflected some reservations about the formalisation, relevance, usability and applicability of EBP in social work. A range of barriers to EBP imp…
Knowing what we know about knowledge in social work
Influenced by its historical beginnings, the production and modelling of knowledge in social work has become a small but diverse field. Ten key models exploring the nature of knowledge and its production in social work are reviewed against significant ideas from the interdisciplinary knowledge production literature beyond social work. In so doing, the place of holistic approaches to modelling the knowledge production process within social work an…
Changing values and valuing change
This article examines the relationship between spirituality and the environment and the changing values required as we move toward a new politics of social work where commitment to social and political involvement is integral to spirituality, most notably surrounding environmental change. The ecospiritual perspective recognizes human interests are inextricably bound with planetary well-being. It serves not only to broaden social work beyond a pre…
Environmental ethics for social work
Gray M, Coates J. Environmental ethics for social work: Social work's responsibility to the non‐human world This lead article in this Special Issue begins discussion on an environmental ethics for social work and raises arguments as to whether and, if so, why social workers have duties, obligations, responsibilities and commitments to the non‐human world. It provides an overview of the field of environmental ethics in searching for a moral stance…
Critical Thinking as Integral to Social Work Practice
The paper examines the role of critical thinking in an experience-based model of social work education. Within this model, the development of a critical approach to our own understanding of, as well as to existing knowledge about, the world is fundamental for students and educators alike. Critical thinking is defined as more than a rational, step-by-step problem-solving process; it is seen as the systematic application of critical thinking skills…
Some considerations on the debate on social work in China
In this article I persist with my argument that indigenous, local, culturally relevant practice ought to trump the external imposition of social work definitions, standards and professional models. The challenge, however, is not to fall prey to false dichotomies. Importantly, social work in China is not static but emergent, and no‐one is sure of the exact shape it will take. And the essential question is to what extent will Western knowledge and …
The political activities of social workers in the context of changing roles and political transition in Hong Kong
The article reports on a fourth study on the political participation of social workers based on a methodology developed by Gray and Collett van Rooyen (2000). Thus far studies have been conducted in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The present study examined the political activities of social workers in Hong Kong. It begins with a review of the politicisation of Hong Kong's social workers, tracing developments from the 1960s onwards. It t…
Connecting Research to Action
In contemporary knowledge societies, scientific research has been emphasised as a key component of effective and accountable service provision. This paper examines commonalities and distinctions between two discourses of research utilisation: ‘evidence-based practice’ (EBP) and ‘knowledge production/utilisation’ (KPU)—the former more prominent in informing the social work canon, the latter with some potential to do so. Specifically, it considers …
Welfare policy for reconstruction and development in South Africa
Developmental social work education
Community development in South Africa
This paper describes a study which examined community development projects in three communities in the greater Durban area of South Africa. The research indicated a range of outlooks on the concept of community development across three major participant groups: social work academics, community development workers and members of community-based development committees
Respect for persons
The notion of ‘respect for persons’ is a key notion in moral philosophy as well as in social work ethics. The Kantian notion of a person has, together with individualism, liberalism and positivism, given rise to a strange ideological mixture which ‘guided’ social work theory and practice for some time. Gaita's concept of respect for human beings, examined in this paper, contrasts with the poverty of this ideological mixture. Concepts such as ‘goo…
Social Entrepreneurship and its Implications for Social Work 1
This paper explores two key questions: (1) What ideas are embodied in the concept of social entrepreneurship and how do these ideas resonate with or differ from more traditional notions of social work practice? (2) Should social work educators engage in teaching the theory and practice of social entrepreneurship and, if so, how might this be developed? In addressing these questions, the authors focus on an initiative arising from current research…
Social work in South Africa at the dawn of the new millennium
The article examines recent developments in social policy and its implications for social work education and practice in South Africa. It traces the changes from the birth of democracy in South Africa to the dawn of the new millennium as these crucial years marked the beginning of a new era in South Africa’s welfare history. It examines the challenges to social work and provides an example of the integrated, holistic developmental interventions, …
The political participation of social workers
This article reports on a comparative study that examined the political participation of social workers in KwaZulu‐Natal province in South Africa, the state of New South Wales (excluding the Hunter region) in Australia, and New Zealand. Each of these contexts had roughly the same number of social workers, that is, approximately 1,200. It was found that social workers in New Zealand tended to be more politically active than their counterparts in N…
Experience‐based learning and its relevance to social work practice
The paper begins with a brief description of the experience‐based learning model developed by a group of social work educators at the University of Newcastle, in New South Wales. The Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree was introduced in 1991 and its first graduates entered the workforce in 1995. As well as outlining the theoretical underpinnings and core features of the model, the paper reports on a survey of graduates which examined their perce…
Experiencebased learning and its relevance to social work practice
The paper begins with a brief description of the experience-based learning model developed by a group of social work educators at the University of Newcastle, in New South Wales. The Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) degree was introduced in 1991 and its first graduates entered the workforce in 1995. As well as outlining the theoretical underpinnings and core features of the model, the paper reports on a survey of graduates which examined their perce…
Social enterprise
The paper explores the relevance of social enterprise to social work practice and policy development. Social enterprise refers to a broad set of approaches that use business acumen to address social goals. A marginal activity in social work for a long time, recently social enterprise has been thrust into the spotlight in debates about the future of social policy and community services. It is important that social workers understand the meaning an…
The quest for a universal social work
What debates and issues are involved in moves to generalise about social work across the globe? This paper attempts to examine some of these major debates and, in so doing, to suggest some directions for a flexible approach. Crucial to these debates are several tensions around the issues of Westernisation, localisation and indigenisation in social work. It is also important to seek clarity around the complexities of international social work. The…
Critical Thinking as Integral to Social Work Practice
The paper examines the role of critical thinking in an experience-based model of social work education. Within this model, the development of a critical approach to our own understanding of, as well as to existing knowledge about, the world is fundamental for students and educators alike. Critical thinking is defined as more than a rational, step-by-step problem-solving process; it is seen as the systematic application of critical thinking skills…
The political activities of social workers in the context of changing roles and political transition in Hong Kong
The article reports on a fourth study on the political participation of social workers based on a methodology developed by Gray and Collett van Rooyen (2000). Thus far studies have been conducted in South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The present study examined the political activities of social workers in Hong Kong. It begins with a review of the politicisation of Hong Kong's social workers, tracing developments from the 1960s onwards. It t…
Social Work and Human Rights
Book review of Elisabeth Reichert, Social Work and Human Rights: A Foundation for Policy and Practice. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. $49.50 hardcover, $24.50 papercover
Social Work Professional Associations in South Africa
The progress of professional associations in South Africa is examined in order to provide an understanding of the dif.culties of forming one uni.ed body to represent social workers on international organizations. An overview of the development of the profession and the role of the professional organizations is provided. Some suggestions are made about the way forward if social workers wish to make more of a contribution to policy making
Dilemmas of international social work
This article explores current paradoxical processes in inter‐national social work concerning the global diffusion of the social work profession's principles, values and practice methods or approaches. Some criticise these activities on the grounds that they are imperialistic. Others advocate strongly for the indigenisation of social work. Still others believe in social work's universality. This article attempts to stimulate debate on, and promote…
Teaching social work students about social policy
The paper describes an integrated approach to teaching social policy within a unique experience-based social work education program. It argues that the teaching of social policy should not be separate within the social work curriculum and provides an example of the integration of policy and practice in teaching students about child protection. It examines the teaching of policy practice using a strengths perspective where it is seen as a bottom-u…
The progress of social development in South Africa
In 1998, James Midgley issued a challenge for scholars to provide a systematic description and examination of the South African experience in implementing social development. This article attempts to meet this challenge by examining the progress of developmental welfare or social development in the first ten years of South Africa's transition to democracy under African National Congress (ANC) rule. In this article it is argued that because social…
The Diversity of ‘Backyard Social Work’ and Lessons From Afar
I am a strong advocate of a culturally embedded social work and I think that we all too often forget that social work is primarily a Western cultural construction. This does not mean that our inter
Viewing Spirituality in Social Work through the Lens of Contemporary Social Theory
This paper locates the social work literature on spirituality within the broad theoretical and epistemological perspectives of late modernity. It focuses particularly on the rise of individualism and its culmination in the theory of reflexive modernization-life politics and subpolitics-and makes an appeal for an 'ecospiritual social work'-one which would take social work away from individualism back to its communitarian roots. The rise of spiritu…
Horse and Carriage
In this paper we suggest an alternative approach to ethics in social work: virtue ethics. We argue that Habermas's theory of communicative action and discourse ethics needs to be supplemented with virtue ethics to provide an account useful to social work. In these times, sensitivity to others is needed for social work to succeed as a profession interested in combating the complacency, self-interest and lack of compassion evident in cutbacks to so…
The Not so Critical “Critical Reflection”
There are no Answers, Only Choices
In teaching students about ethical decision making in social work, it is essential that the students are able to recognise the moral implications of their work and develop a deep understanding about ethical issues and their personal responsibility for making ethical choices. Thus, more than a “how to do it” approach is needed and teaching students about values and ethics is an essential thread that runs through our experience-based social work ed…
Social work as art revisited
In this article we revisit ‘social work as art’, noting that it is just over 20 years since England's book on the subject provided a direction for the profession's early defence against empiricism. Those who picked up the ball handed to them by England tended to focus discussions of social work's ‘art’ on its soft side, embedding it in notions of ‘creativity’, ‘meaning’, ‘self‐expression’, ‘intuition’ and ‘quality’, all of which were said to char…
Some considerations on the debate on social work in China
In this article I persist with my argument that indigenous, local, culturally relevant practice ought to trump the external imposition of social work definitions, standards and professional models. The challenge, however, is not to fall prey to false dichotomies. Importantly, social work in China is not static but emergent, and no‐one is sure of the exact shape it will take. And the essential question is to what extent will Western knowledge and …
Sociology (70 obras) · Social Work Education and Practice (69 obras) · Political science (65 obras) · Social Work (53 obras) · Homelessness and Social Issues (34 obras) · Law (33 obras) · Work (physics (29 obras) · Public relations (28 obras) · Law (26 obras) · Engineering (25 obras)