E Van De Vliert
Biographic Data
| ID | 48244 |
|---|---|
| NAME | E Van De Vliert |
| GIVEN NAMES | E |
| FAMILY NAME | Van De Vliert |
| SIGNATURE | VAN DE VLIERT E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Groningen |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3322-7829 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 351 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 61 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Compensatory Optimism as Adaptive Resilience in a Warming World
Global warming is altering human habitats, propelling infectious diseases and socioeconomic stressors from tropical regions into temperate zones. Contrary to expectations of rising pessimism under such environmental pressures, this study finds that shared optimism—the collective degree of expectation regarding personal life progress—can persist and even flourish there. Drawing on survey data from nearly two million native inhabitants of 166 count…
Nature-permeated livability: A 166-country evaluation of environmental affordances
Residential well-being is commonly attributed to societal conditions, yet the natural habitats in which people live may also play a fundamental role. Drawing on >1.9 million Gallup observations across 166 countries, we examine local environmental livability from conceptual, geographical, and ecological perspectives. Conceptually, country-level satisfaction with one’s place of residence is strongly associated with the natural affordances of air an…
Ecological and Psychosocial Uniqueness of Collectivist Practices Versus Mindsets
Objective practices and subjective mindsets of collectivism are usually treated as inseparable twins. However, collectivist practices (e.g., living in extended families) and collectivist mindsets (e.g., preferring us over them ) have distinct connections with ecological circumstances and different impacts on psychosocial functioning. This study clarifies these differences using ecological characteristics and psychosocial flourishing as criteria. …
Global Ecology and Geography of Gender Equality
Proximal socio-economic drivers of gender equality tend to obscure its remote ecological origins. General systems theory predicts that the greater annual variability in daylength, temperature, and daily precipitation at higher latitudes requires greater psychosocial flexibility. We extend this prediction to gender equality as a likely consequence. Accordingly, for 87 pre-industrial societies after 1500 CE, we find more gender equality in more var…
Worse Places for Gods: Does Latitudinal Variability Loosen Religiosity
This multi-level study explores whether greater variability in day length, temperatures, and daily precipitation at higher latitudes has a potential impact on religiosity. Religiosity is measured as the importance of religion experienced by 915,437 inhabitants of 159 countries from 2010 to 2015. Our results show that latitudinal variability is incompatible with personal religiosity, and that this ecological link is mediated by cultural tightness …
Enriching Psychology by Zooming Out to General Mindsets and Practices in Natural Habitats
Psychology has been “zooming in” on individuals, dyads, and groups with a narrow lens to the exclusion of “zooming out,” which involves placing the targeted phenomena within more distal layers of influential context. Here, we plea for a paradigm shift. Specifically, we showcase largely hidden scientific benefits of zooming out by discussing worldwide evidence on inhabitants’ habitual adaptations to colder-than-temperate and hotter-than-temperate …
Cultural Orientations of Northerners and Southerners
A growing group of psychologists recognizes that many collective mindsets and practices are functionally linked to natural habitats, which predominantly differ from north to south. Notably, cultural collectivism, power distance and aggression increase from the South Pole toward the Equator but decrease from the Equator toward the North Pole; conversely, cultural creativity, gender equality and life satisfaction decrease from the South Pole toward…
The geography of literacy: Understanding poleward increases in literacy rates
Asian social psychology has often focused on East/West comparisons. However, a latitudinal psychology perspective suggests that cultures will vary in predictable ways along north/south (latitudinal) gradients, rather than along east/west (longitudinal) gradients. We apply this perspective to better understand the geographical placement of literacy rates across the world. We find across 206 nations that latitude shows no linear relationship with w…
Climato-Economic Context of Regional Crime and Corruption Across the Russian Federation
Cross-national research claims that the crime-and-corruption gap between relatively poor and relatively rich countries is larger in more demanding climates that require more cash and capital to cope with the climate. However, this claim is premature because countries differ in many confounding ways including histories and politics. We, therefore, re-tested the climato-economic context of violent crime and corruption within Russia, a country with …
Does Perceived Governance Quality Improve Toward the North and South Poles for Eco-Cultural Reasons
Good government is vital to human society. But what proximal and distal factors influence this collective goodness perception? Here, we investigate how and why multi-component evaluations by many institutional observers of public governance vary along the north-south rather than east-west axis of the Earth. Across 190 countries, we show that governance quality improves from the equator toward the North and South Poles in both the Eastern and West…
The global ecology of differentiation between us and them
Got Milk? How Freedoms Evolved From Dairying Climates
The roots and routes of cultural evolution are still a mystery. Here, we aim to lift a corner of that veil by illuminating the deep origins of encultured freedoms, which evolved through centuries-long processes of learning to pursue and transmit values and practices oriented toward autonomous individual choice. Analyzing a multitude of data sources, we unravel for 108 Old World countries a sequence of cultural evolution reaching from (a) ancient …
Climatic imprints on personality
Hidden Climato-Economic Roots of Differentially Privileged Cultures
This theory-based study tests the interactive impacts of the demands of thermal climate and wealth resources on variations in privileged culture represented by mental health, personal freedom, and political democracy. Multiple regression analysis of aggregated survey data covering 106 countries shows that cultures vary from minimally privileged in poor countries with demanding climates (e.g., Azerbaijan and Belarus) to maximally privileged in ric…
Human Cultures as Niche Constructions Within the Solar System
This commentary seeks to refine Kashima's timely and topical but too general call for embedding culture within the planetary ecosystem. My starting point is that cultures are to an underestimated extent ongoing niche constructions within the merry-go-round of the Sun's radiation, the Earth's rotation around its axis, and the resulting cold and hot seasons. Among the downstream consequences are clear connections between warm-blooded life and cultu…
Current Cultures in Threatening, Comforting, and Challenging Ecologies
Places of residence have multiple, yet largely unintegrated, cultural characteristics. Here I make a distinction between human environments that offer demanding winters or summers together with collective poverty (threatening ecologies), undemanding temperate climates irrespective of income per head (comforting ecologies), and demanding winters or summers together with collective wealth (challenging ecologies). After reviewing prior research into…
Relations between economic wealth, ecological footprint, and environmental protection depend on climatic demands
It is an incomplete story that richer societies have larger ecological footprints and are more inclined toward environmental protection. Our 116-nation study shows that all countries, but especially richer countries, have larger ecological footprints under more demanding thermal climates. Further, business executives’ ratings of the prevalence of environmental regulations and practices in their country are lowest in poor countries with demanding …
Democracy Does Not Promote Well-Being Except in Rich Countries With Demanding Climates
Is democracy really a good thing because it improves well-being? Everywhere? Here we use multiple regression analysis to examine continuous associations between democracy and well-being across 137 countries. The results are clarified by breaking them down for 20 poor countries with demanding winters or summers ( threatening habitats), 48 poor countries with undemanding temperate climates ( unthreatening habitats), 23 rich countries with undemandi…
Climato-economic habitats support patterns of human needs, stresses, and freedoms
This paper examines why fundamental freedoms are so unevenly distributed across the earth. Climato-economic theorizing proposes that humans adapt needs, stresses, and choices of goals, means, and outcomes to the livability of their habitat. The evolutionary process at work is one of collectively meeting climatic demands of cold winters or hot summers by using monetary resources. Freedom is expected to be lowest in poor populations threatened by d…
Climato-Economic Imprints on Chinese Collectivism
A still unsolved question is why humans create collectivism. A new theory proposes that poorer populations coping with more demanding winters or summers become more collectivist. Preliminary support comes from a province-level analysis of survey data from 1,662 native residents of 15 Chinese provinces. Collectivism is weakest in provinces with temperate climates irrespective of income (e.g., Guangdong), negligibly stronger in higher income provin…
Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study
The differences across cultures in the enforcement of conformity may reflect their specific histories.
Climato-Economic Origins of Variation in Ingroup Favoritism
Reflecting coping with threats to survival, national cultures differ in baseline levels of ingroup favoritism. These national baselines are mapped and explained in terms of inhabitants’ cultural adaptations to climate-based demands and wealth-based resources. A 73-nation study of compatriotism—the social branch of patriotism—a 116-nation study of nepotism, and a 57-nation study of familism support the demands-resources explanation. Compatriotism,…
Winters, Summers, and Destructive Leadership Cultures in Rich Regions
Van de Vliert’s (2009) climato-economic theory of culture proposes that the impact of climatic demands on culture is influenced by wealth resources. In rich regions, much cold and heat in conjunction with relatively little wealth ( undermatching) and little cold and heat in conjunction with relatively much wealth ( overmatching) both are thought to produce less destructive leadership cultures than do approximations of just enough wealth to succes…
Ecological Limits to Globalization of Managerial Situations
The fast-growing global village may not be without cultural boundaries. Globalization as the evolvement of a syndrome of universally endorsed cultural values and practices may have its limits because climate-based demands and wealth-based resources in concert shape unique local cultures. This article reviews results of theory-based research that tested this innovative hypothesis for globalization of the managerially relevant decisions and actions…
Low ranks make the difference: How achievement goals and ranking information affect cooperation intentions
The Division of Labor Across the Transition to Parenthood: A Justice Perspective
In a three-wave longitudinal survey among 293 couples, we studied the determinants of husbands' and wives' fairness judgments regarding the division of labor across the transition to parenthood. We tested predictions derived from the distributive justice framework that perceptions of fairness regarding the division of labor are affected by (a) wants and values, (b) social comparisons, and (c) procedural justice. The model was supported for wives …
The Marital Dynamics of Conflict over the Division of Labor
The division of labor as a source of conflict is a concern for many couples. This study goes beyond the mere prediction of the amount of marital conflict by scrutinizing the relationship between spouses' discontent with the division of labor, their conflict interaction patterns, and subsequent outcomes. In addition, it aims to explain the relationship between wives' discontent with the division of labor and their conflict avoidance by looking at …
Marital Conflict about the Division of Household Labor and Paid Work
Esther S. Kluwer, José A. M. Heesink, Evert Van de Vliert, Marital Conflict about the Division of Household Labor and Paid Work, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Nov., 1996), pp. 958-969
The bright and dark sides of individual and group innovation: A Special Issue introduction
This introduction essay proposes a challenging program for researchers eager to explore factors and process mechanisms contributing to the benefits and costs individuals and groups incur from pursuing innovative approaches. With respect to individual innovation, such moderating factors might be found in the characteristics of the innovative idea, the innovator, co‐workers, supervisors, the broader organizational context, and in national culture. …
Temperature, Cultural Masculinity, and Domestic Political Violence: A Cross-National Study
Cross-national data sets were used to examine the association between ambient temperature and internal political violence in 136 countries between 1948 and 1977. Political riots and armed attacks occur more frequently in warm countries than in both cold and hot countries, after controlling for effects of population size and density and levels of socioeconomic development and democracy. National differences on the cultural masculinity dimension, h…
Climato-Economic Origins of Variation in Ingroup Favoritism
Reflecting coping with threats to survival, national cultures differ in baseline levels of ingroup favoritism. These national baselines are mapped and explained in terms of inhabitants’ cultural adaptations to climate-based demands and wealth-based resources. A 73-nation study of compatriotism—the social branch of patriotism—a 116-nation study of nepotism, and a 57-nation study of familism support the demands-resources explanation. Compatriotism,…
Culture and Deception in Business Negotiations: A Multilevel Analysis
This article investigates the relationship between culture, personality, and deception in a simulated international management negotiation at multiple levels of analysis. `Deception' was operationalized here as the propensity to lie and bribe. As predicted, at the cultural level the results from a scenario study with 1583 participants from eight cultures suggested that cultural collectivism was positively related to reported use of deception in n…
Where intrinsic job satisfaction fails to work: National moderators of intrinsic motivation
This study sought for national characteristics that moderate the individual‐level relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction. Data from two distinct questionnaire surveys administered to 107,292 employees in 49 countries was analyzed by employing multilevel modeling. Results showed that the link between intrinsic job characteristics and job satisfaction is stronger in richer countries, countries with better governmental social …
Agreeableness and activeness as components of conflict behaviors
Handling social conflict is usually described in terms of 2 dimensions that either cause the behavior (concern for one's own and others' goals) or that result from it (integration and distribution). In contrast, agreeableness and activeness are common factors of modes and taxonomies of conflict behavior that do not confound independent and dependent variables. This article specifies the extent to which avoiding, accommodating, compromising, probl…
National Wealth and Thermal Climate as Predictors of Motives for Volunteer Work
A voluntary worker may have both self-serving and altruistic motivations for helping, which may be positively or negatively linked together. Multilevel analyses of World Values Survey data, representatively sampled from 13, 584 inhabitants of 33 countries, uncover a pattern of cross-cultural differences in balancing these self-and other-directed helping motivations. A voluntary worker’s self-serving and altruistic motivations tend to be positivel…
The global ecology of differentiation between us and them
"Better than" Performance Motives as Roots of Satisfaction Across more and Less Developed Countries
Individuals tend to want to better their own performance when they repeat the same tasks, and they want to perform better than competitors. These self- and other-referenced performance motives vary independently and lead to more and less satisfaction, respectively. A 42-nation regression study, based on indicators of aggregated performance motivation, work satisfaction, life satisfaction, and subjective well-being, shows that the independence of …
Climatoeconomic Roots of Survival Versus Self-Expression Cultures
The circumstances under which societies adapt their cultural values to cold, temperate, and hot climates include the availability of money to cope with climate. In a country-level study, collective income, household income, and economic growth were conceptualized as moderators of the climate-culture link because money is primarily used to satisfy homeostatic needs for thermal comfort, nutrition, and health. The results demonstrate that members of…
Autocratic Leadership Around the Globe: Do Climate and Wealth Drive Leadership Culture
Common autocratic leader characteristics in a country's organizations are conceptualized here as cultural adaptations to noncultural components of the national environment, such as the harshness of cold or hot climate and the level of wealth. A secondary analysis of managerial survey data gathered in 61 cultures is used to retest the recently formulated theory that climatic demands matched by wealth-based resources are positively linked to democr…
Climato-Economic Imprints on Chinese Collectivism
A still unsolved question is why humans create collectivism. A new theory proposes that poorer populations coping with more demanding winters or summers become more collectivist. Preliminary support comes from a province-level analysis of survey data from 1,662 native residents of 15 Chinese provinces. Collectivism is weakest in provinces with temperate climates irrespective of income (e.g., Guangdong), negligibly stronger in higher income provin…
Siding and Other Reactions to a Conflict: A Theory of Escalation Toward Outsiders
Siding in a dyadic conflict is important because it precipitates escalation. Nevertheless, little is known about how and why a nonprofessional outsider (P) reacts when a conflict party puts him under pressure to take sides. Coalition and role conflict theories suggest four behavior alternatives (taking sides, compromise, avoidance, and conflict resolution) and two behavior determinants: the sanction power and the legitimate power each of the conf…
Cultural Construals of Destructive versus Constructive Leadership in Major World Niches
The common part of leadership culture in a country's organizations is conceptualized here as an adaptation to the non-cultural environment. This society-level study shows that middle managers from 61 societies in 58 countries hold different views on destructive versus constructive leadership profiles depending on the harshness of thermal climate and the degree of collective wealth. The cognitive contrast between more destructive autocratic and se…
Low ranks make the difference: How achievement goals and ranking information affect cooperation intentions
Citizens of warmer countries are more competitive and poorer: Culture or chance
Democracy Does Not Promote Well-Being Except in Rich Countries With Demanding Climates
Is democracy really a good thing because it improves well-being? Everywhere? Here we use multiple regression analysis to examine continuous associations between democracy and well-being across 137 countries. The results are clarified by breaking them down for 20 poor countries with demanding winters or summers ( threatening habitats), 48 poor countries with undemanding temperate climates ( unthreatening habitats), 23 rich countries with undemandi…
Frames of reference and cooperative social decision‐making
Cooperative decision‐making was studied as a function of the decision‐makers' own, and the interdependent other party's gain or loss frame. As expected, results showed that (a) an own gain frame produced less cognitive activity than an own loss frame and (b) other's loss frame caused more cooperation than other's gain frame, but only in case of an own gain frame
Got Milk? How Freedoms Evolved From Dairying Climates
The roots and routes of cultural evolution are still a mystery. Here, we aim to lift a corner of that veil by illuminating the deep origins of encultured freedoms, which evolved through centuries-long processes of learning to pursue and transmit values and practices oriented toward autonomous individual choice. Analyzing a multitude of data sources, we unravel for 108 Old World countries a sequence of cultural evolution reaching from (a) ancient …
Are wages more important for employees in poorer countries with harsher climates
The purpose of the present research was to demonstrate that the perceived importance of wages is a function of thermal climate and national wealth. As hypothesized, analyses of 37 nationally representative samples of 22 483 blue‐ and white‐collar workers and 5544 managers show that wages are perceived as more important in poorer countries with colder climates (e.g., Azerbaijan) than in richer countries with colder climates (e.g., Canada) and in p…
Cultural Perspectives: Siding in a Workplace Dispute in China
Employees in the role of outsider can be faced with a dispute between colleagues. Taking sides is a crucially important, yet neglected tactic in handling disputes. In a study of 226 Chinese employees, we investigated the influence of employees' moral and expedient orientations on their siding intentions in a workplace dispute characterized by different distributions of legitimacy, negative sanctions and guanxi. Results indicate that legitimacy in…
Opening the Black Box Between Justice and Reactions to Unfavorable Outcomes in the Workplace
Gross, Mason and McEachern Have Not Really Verified Their Theory of Role Conflict Resolution
Siding and Other Reactions to a Conflict: A Theory of Escalation Toward Outsiders
Siding in a dyadic conflict is important because it precipitates escalation. Nevertheless, little is known about how and why a nonprofessional outsider (P) reacts when a conflict party puts him under pressure to take sides. Coalition and role conflict theories suggest four behavior alternatives (taking sides, compromise, avoidance, and conflict resolution) and two behavior determinants: the sanction power and the legitimate power each of the conf…
Role Transitions: Explorations and Explanations
Frames of reference and cooperative social decision‐making
Cooperative decision‐making was studied as a function of the decision‐makers' own, and the interdependent other party's gain or loss frame. As expected, results showed that (a) an own gain frame produced less cognitive activity than an own loss frame and (b) other's loss frame caused more cooperation than other's gain frame, but only in case of an own gain frame
Agreeableness and activeness as components of conflict behaviors
Handling social conflict is usually described in terms of 2 dimensions that either cause the behavior (concern for one's own and others' goals) or that result from it (integration and distribution). In contrast, agreeableness and activeness are common factors of modes and taxonomies of conflict behavior that do not confound independent and dependent variables. This article specifies the extent to which avoiding, accommodating, compromising, probl…
Outcome Frames in Bilateral Negotiation: Resistance to Concession Making and Frame Adoption
This chapter reviews research and theory concerned with outcome frames in negotiation—the negotiator's conception of the dispute as involving gains (gain frame) or losses (loss frame). We argue that because losses are more aversive than equivalent gains are attractive, loss framed negotiators should display greater resistance to concession making and settle less easily than negotiators with a gain frame. A review of frame research supports this a…
Marital Conflict about the Division of Household Labor and Paid Work
Esther S. Kluwer, José A. M. Heesink, Evert Van de Vliert, Marital Conflict about the Division of Household Labor and Paid Work, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 58, No. 4 (Nov., 1996), pp. 958-969
The Marital Dynamics of Conflict over the Division of Labor
The division of labor as a source of conflict is a concern for many couples. This study goes beyond the mere prediction of the amount of marital conflict by scrutinizing the relationship between spouses' discontent with the division of labor, their conflict interaction patterns, and subsequent outcomes. In addition, it aims to explain the relationship between wives' discontent with the division of labor and their conflict avoidance by looking at …
Opening the Black Box Between Justice and Reactions to Unfavorable Outcomes in the Workplace
Cooperation and Competition as Partners
This review addresses the manifestations and consequences of interpersonal cooperation and competition in interdependent, organizational settings. It challenges the applicability of Deutsch's (1949, 1973) game-based cooperation–competition theory. Rather than separate motives and separate behaviours having separate effects, cooperation and competition seem to refer to entwined motives and behaviours moderating each other's impact on dyadic or gro…
Constructive conflict at work
Two field studies of interpersonal conflict in organizations and a simulated dyadic negotiation show that problem solving and forcing are frequently combined simultaneously and sequentially. As a robust finding, conglomerations of problem solving and forcing appear to enhance the parties' joint effectiveness. The best substantive and relational outcomes for the organization are reached through forcing followed by problem solving. Copyright © 1999…
Employees' reactions to problematic events: A circumplex structure of five categories of responses, and the role of job satisfaction
A refined exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect (EVLN) typology (Farrell, 1983) was examined. It was argued that the category of voice responses, that is, attempts to improve the situation, should be divided into two forms: considerate voice and aggressive voice. Considerate voice consists of attempts to solve the problem taking into account one's own concerns as well as those of the organization, and aggressive voice consists of efforts to win, with…
Temperature, Cultural Masculinity, and Domestic Political Violence: A Cross-National Study
Cross-national data sets were used to examine the association between ambient temperature and internal political violence in 136 countries between 1948 and 1977. Political riots and armed attacks occur more frequently in warm countries than in both cold and hot countries, after controlling for effects of population size and density and levels of socioeconomic development and democracy. National differences on the cultural masculinity dimension, h…
The division of labor in close relationships: An asymmetrical conflict issue
This research addresses couples’reports of their (hypothetical) attempts to maintain or change a gendered division of labor through conflict interactions. Two experiments in which spouses responded to scenarios showed that spouses reported more conflict over the division of housework than conflict over paid work and child care, and that wives more often than husbands desired a change in their spouses’contribution. Spouses reported more wife‐deman…
Citizens of warmer countries are more competitive and poorer: Culture or chance
Interdependence in negotiation: Effects of exit options and social motive on distributive and integrative negotiation
This study extends past research on the impact of alternatives in dyadic negotiation by (a) providing negotiators with the mere possibility to negotiate with an outside party and (b) examining the moderating role of the negotiators' social motive. Business students engaged in face-to-face negotiations, which were audio-taped and transcribed. None, one, or both dyad members were provided with an exit option—the possibility to leave the current neg…
Culture and Deception in Business Negotiations: A Multilevel Analysis
This article investigates the relationship between culture, personality, and deception in a simulated international management negotiation at multiple levels of analysis. `Deception' was operationalized here as the propensity to lie and bribe. As predicted, at the cultural level the results from a scenario study with 1583 participants from eight cultures suggested that cultural collectivism was positively related to reported use of deception in n…
Competitive Societies Are Happy If the Women Are Less Competitive Than the Men
Societies are less happy to the extent that their members are more competitive. A 42-nation regression study, based on aggregated indicators of female competitiveness, male competitiveness, four components of happiness, and national development restricts this negative cultural link between overall competitiveness and average happiness to certain countries. A more competitive society is less happy only if its members deviate from the stereotype th…
"Better than" Performance Motives as Roots of Satisfaction Across more and Less Developed Countries
Individuals tend to want to better their own performance when they repeat the same tasks, and they want to perform better than competitors. These self- and other-referenced performance motives vary independently and lead to more and less satisfaction, respectively. A 42-nation regression study, based on indicators of aggregated performance motivation, work satisfaction, life satisfaction, and subjective well-being, shows that the independence of …
The Division of Labor Across the Transition to Parenthood: A Justice Perspective
In a three-wave longitudinal survey among 293 couples, we studied the determinants of husbands' and wives' fairness judgments regarding the division of labor across the transition to parenthood. We tested predictions derived from the distributive justice framework that perceptions of fairness regarding the division of labor are affected by (a) wants and values, (b) social comparisons, and (c) procedural justice. The model was supported for wives …
Comparing Work Behaviors Across Cultures: A Cross-Level Approach Using Multilevel Modeling
Prior studies examined cross-national differences in the links between organizational characteristics and workers' attitudes and behaviors using a nation-as-a-moderator analytical model. We point out four major methodological problems of testing the nation-as-a-moderator model at individual level. Based on two series of cross-national studies that successfully employed multilevel modeling, we propose a cross-level nation-as-amoderator model to re…
No Way Out or Swallow the Bait of Two-Sided Exit Options in Negotiation: The Influence of Social Motives and Interpersonal Trust
In two negotiation experiments with business students we examined effects of the two-sided availability of alternative negotiators in combination with the parties’ social motive. Contrary to our expectation, prosocial negotiators rather than egoistic negotiators were sensitive to the presence of alternative partners. While egoistic negotiators were relatively unaffected by mutual exit options, prosocials engaged in less problem solving and reache…
Where intrinsic job satisfaction fails to work: National moderators of intrinsic motivation
This study sought for national characteristics that moderate the individual‐level relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction. Data from two distinct questionnaire surveys administered to 107,292 employees in 49 countries was analyzed by employing multilevel modeling. Results showed that the link between intrinsic job characteristics and job satisfaction is stronger in richer countries, countries with better governmental social …
Women and Wages Worldwide: How the National Proportion of Working Women Brings Underpayment into the Organization
Many employees are underpaid relative to their country’s level of wealth. In agreement with social identity theory principles extended to the national level, our 59-nation study uncovered that this form of wealth-referenced underpayment is associated with the proportion of working women. In countries with a relatively small or relatively large proportion of female workers, all workers are underpaid to the extent that merit pay and strikes are rel…
A Multilevel Approach to Investigating Cross-National Differences in Negotiation Processes
The impact of the psychological states of the negotiators, the social conditions of negotiations, and the behavior of negotiators on the outcomes of negotiations differs from country to country. Various suboptimal, individual-level, and country-level solutions have been suggested to predict and explain such cross-national variations. Drawing inspiration from a series of cross-cultural studies on job satisfaction and motives for volunteer work tha…
Psychology (42 works) · Social Psychology (32 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (30 works) · Political science (30 works) · Economics (27 works) · Social Psychology (24 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Biology (15 works) · Geography (15 works) · Demographic economics (13 works)