Michael Ross
Biographic Data
| ID | 5225142 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Michael Ross |
| GIVEN NAMES | Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Ross |
| SIGNATURE | ROSS M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Waterloo |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3407-9071 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 85 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1324 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 84 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1951 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Toward inclusive energy futures: Reflections on the collective authorship of a multi-institutional, interdisciplinary, and community-engaged equity, diversity, and inclusion terms of reference
This reflection outlines the development of a Terms of Reference (ToR) for equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) in a 6-year energy transitions research project spanning 11 institutions and involving 100 researchers across science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), social science, and humanities disciplines. This multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional project involves partnerships with industry and civil society organizations, …
From paternalism to self-determination: Examining evolving tribal-federal relationships and co-management arrangements through three case studies
As governments around the world seek to develop and implement co-management practices with Indigenous peoples and local communities, there are many questions about how to foster collaborative and just agreements that support self-determination. Despite policy advancements enabling more co-management and shared stewardship within the United States (U.S.), possibilities for co-management are complicated by historical injustices that have hindered T…
Confronting Our Common Enemy
Lazar and Wallace make a compelling case that, although climate disasters undercut democratic legitimacy, "authoritarianism is not the answer." The authors of this essay agree, but do not view regime type as the primary constraint on climate-policy outcomes. Here, the authors draw on research on political institutions and climate policy to highlight two overlooked features of the conversation. First, even if democracy is better on average in addr…
Government Responses to Climate Change
Social scientists should be more deliberate in how they define and measure government efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The authors highlight key distinctions among three dimensions of climate policy: the commitments made by governments, the actions that governments take, and the outcomes they produce. In turn, the authors detail the challenges of measuring these dimensions, and discuss the tradeoffs of alternative measurement strategie…
The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the first Covid-19 epidemic wave in South Africa
The results from this study show that the COVID-19 NPI policies implemented by the Government of South Africa played a significant role in the reduction of COVID-19 active, hospitalised cases and deaths in South Africa's first COVID-19 epidemic wave. The results also show the use of COVID-19 modelling to understand the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of regressor variables in an epidemic
Framing memories of relationship transgressions: How visual imagery perspective activates relational knowledge
How people interpret the meaning of minor relationship transgressions can impact broader relationship well-being. It is proposed that picturing relationship transgressions from a third-person (vs. first-person) visual perspective prompts people to think of them in the context of their chronic relationship beliefs and goals. In doing so, individuals who are relatively anxious about their relationships become more insecure, whereas less anxious ind…
Determinants of Homosexuality-Related Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam
Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the levels and correlates of homosexual stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study design using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method was conducted in 2011 to collect data from 451 MSM in Hanoi, Vietnam. A cross-validation technique and factor analysis were used to refine the constructs of a homosexual stigma scale. Data weighted to ad…
Responding to historical injustices: Does group membership trump liberal‐conservative ideology
In the legal literature, “privity” refers to the link between a minority's current social, psychological, and economic problems and its previous mistreatment by the government. Scholars speculate that judgments of privity underlie support for redress for historical injustices. There is no gold standard for evaluating privity, however, and its assessment is susceptible to personal and situational influences. We conducted three studies to examine h…
Religious magnanimity: Reminding people of their religious belief system reduces hostility after threat
The present research tested the hypothesis that many people's ambient religious beliefs are non-hostile and magnanimous by assessing whether reminding people of their religious belief systems would reduce hostility after threat. Across religious affiliations, participants reported that their religious belief systems encourage magnanimous behavior. In addition, priming their religious belief systems caused them to act more magnanimously, but only …
Effect of a Clinic-Wide Social Marketing Campaign to Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV Infection
The Within-Person Dynamics of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Affective States, and Cultural Identification: A Diary Study of Bicultural Individuals
This study investigates the link between motivational and affective experiences in the daily life of bicultural individuals. Employing a diary design, the authors examined the role of cultural identification in the dynamic goal–affect association in East-Asian Canadian biculturals. Using multilevel modeling procedures, the authors found that momentary cultural identification systematically moderated the association between extrinsic motivation an…
Demographic and Sexual Behavior Comparisons of Indian and U.S. Internet Samples of Men who have Sex with Men
Data were collected via the Internet on sexual behaviors of Indian men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 171); these data were compared to online American MSM (n = 682). Among Indian MSM, 51% had never been tested for HIV, 100% believed themselves to be HIV-uninfected, and 22% (secondary Internet male partners) to 43% (primary male partners) reported not using condoms during last anal intercourse. While U.S. MSM were more likely to not use condoms …
The Role of Trust in Delayed HIV Diagnosis in a Diverse, Urban Population
Applying an Expanded Social Determinant Approach to the Concept of Adherence to Treatment: The Case of Colombian Women Living With HIV/Aids
Cultural differences in process and person focus: Congratulations on your hard work versus celebrating your exceptional brain
Fostering relationship resilience: An intervention for low self-esteem individuals
Social position, gender role, and treatment adherence among Colombian women living with HIV/Aids: Social determinants of health approach
Improving women's adherence to HIV/AIDS treatment in Colombia would require eliminating barriers to national health care system and comprehensive health care services and implementing programs that take into account women's role as maternal caregivers The findings underscore the need to integrate variables related to gender inequality and social position in treatment adherence analysis, as advocated in the social determinants of health approach
Young Children's Apologies to their Siblings
When children apologize, they accept responsibility for wrongdoings and act to reconcile social relationships. Apologies to siblings were coded in 40 families that were observed for 9 h when children were 21⁄2 and 41⁄2 years old, and again 2 years later. We found that sibling apologies were rare, generally simple in form, and more frequent after physical harm than after rights violations or verbal harms. Spontaneous apologies were more frequent t…
Government Apologies for Historical Injustices
Scholars from various disciplines suggest that government apologies for historical injustices fulfill important psychological goals. After reviewing psychological literature that contributes to this discussion, we present a list of elements that political apologies should contain to be acceptable to both members of the victimized minority and the nonvictimized majority. Content coding of a list of government apologies revealed that many, but not …
Principled ideology or racism: Why do modern racists oppose race-based social justice programs
Group Identification and Historical Memory
Differences in ingroup identification can influence the accessibility of historical memories. In Study 1, the authors examined individual differences in identity; in Study 2 they experimentally manipulated identity. In Study 1, high identifiers recalled fewer incidents of ingroup violence and hatred than did low identifiers. High and low identifiers did not differ in their recall of ingroup suffering. In Study 2, participants in the high-identity…
The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory: Psychometric Properties
More than words: Reframing compliments from romantic partners fosters security in low self-esteem individuals
Although people with low self-esteem (LSEs) doubt their value to their romantic partners, they tend to resist positive feedback from their partners. This resistance undermines their relationships and has been difficult to overcome in past research. The authors investigated whether LSEs could be induced to take their partners' kind words to heart by manipulating how abstractly they described a recent compliment. In 3 studies, LSEs felt more positi…
A Closer Look at Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War
Studies of natural resource wealth and civil war have been hampered by measurement error, endogeneity, lack of robustness, and uncertainty about causal mechanisms. This paper develops new measures and new tests to address these problems. It has four main findings. First, the likelihood of civil war in countries that produce oil, gas, and diamonds rose sharply from the early 1970s to the late 1990s; so did the number of rebel groups that sold cont…
Is Democracy Good for the Poor
Many scholars claim that democracy improves the welfare of the poor. This article uses data on infant and child mortality to challenge this claim. Cross‐national studies tend to exclude from their samples nondemocratic states that have performed well; this leads to the mistaken inference that nondemocracies have worse records than democracies. Once these and other flaws are corrected, democracy has little or no effect on infant and child mortalit…
Is Democracy Good for the Poor
Many scholars claim that democracy improves the welfare of the poor. This article uses data on infant and child mortality to challenge this claim. Cross‐national studies tend to exclude from their samples nondemocratic states that have performed well; this leads to the mistaken inference that nondemocracies have worse records than democracies. Once these and other flaws are corrected, democracy has little or no effect on infant and child mortalit…
A Closer Look at Oil, Diamonds, and Civil War
Studies of natural resource wealth and civil war have been hampered by measurement error, endogeneity, lack of robustness, and uncertainty about causal mechanisms. This paper develops new measures and new tests to address these problems. It has four main findings. First, the likelihood of civil war in countries that produce oil, gas, and diamonds rose sharply from the early 1970s to the late 1990s; so did the number of rebel groups that sold cont…
Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction
A review of the evidence for and against the proposition that self-serving biases affect attributions of causality indicated that there is little empirical support for the proposition in its most general form. The literature provides some support for the contention that individuals engage in self-enhancin g attributions under conditions of success, but only minimal evidence was found to suggest that individuals engage in self-protecti ve attribut…
Egocentric biases in availability and attribution
"Exploring the "planning fallacy: Why people underestimate their task completion times
This study tested 3 main hypotheses concerning people's predictions of task completion times: (a) People underestimate their own but not others' completion times, (b) people focus on plan-based scenarios rather than on relevant past experiences while generating their predictions, and (c) people's attributions diminish the relevance of past experiences. Results supported each hypothesis. Ss' predictions of their completion times were too optimisti…
Government Apologies for Historical Injustices
Scholars from various disciplines suggest that government apologies for historical injustices fulfill important psychological goals. After reviewing psychological literature that contributes to this discussion, we present a list of elements that political apologies should contain to be acceptable to both members of the victimized minority and the nonvictimized majority. Content coding of a list of government apologies revealed that many, but not …
Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure
Assessed the impact of outcome (success vs failure) and attribution (internal vs external) on affect in an achievement setting. Following the theorizing of B. Weiner et al (1978, 1979), it was anticipated that the outcome manipulation would determine general positive and negative affective reactions
The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people's personal appraisals
It feels like yesterday: Self-esteem, valence of personal past experiences, and judgments of subjective distance
Supporting predictions from temporal self-appraisal theory, participants in 3 studies reported feeling farther from former selves and experiences with unfavorable implications for their current self-view than from equally distant selves and experiences with flattering implications. This distancing bias occurred when assignment to negative and positive pasts was random, for both achievement and social outcomes and for single episodes as well as lo…
Getting what you want by revising what you had
United Nations Voting Patterns
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From chump to champ: People's appraisals of their earlier and present selves
The authors present and test a theory of temporal self-appraisal. According to the theory, people can maintain their typically favorable self-regard by disparaging their distant and complimenting their recent past selves. This pattern of appraisals should be stronger for more important attributes because of their greater impact on self-regard and stronger for self-ratings than for ratings of other people. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated that partici…
More than words: Reframing compliments from romantic partners fosters security in low self-esteem individuals
Although people with low self-esteem (LSEs) doubt their value to their romantic partners, they tend to resist positive feedback from their partners. This resistance undermines their relationships and has been difficult to overcome in past research. The authors investigated whether LSEs could be induced to take their partners' kind words to heart by manipulating how abstractly they described a recent compliment. In 3 studies, LSEs felt more positi…
Trust and communicated attributions in close relationships
The attributional statements intimate partners communicate to one another were examined as a function of trust. In discussions by 35 married couples, 850 attributions and corresponding events were coded on dimensions of valence, globality, and locus. Results of regression and contingency analyses indicate that attributional statements expressed in high-trust relationships emphasized positive aspects of the relationship. Medium-trust couples activ…
The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory: Psychometric Properties
Self-Awareness and Feeling Transparent: Failing to Suppress One's Self
Facilitation of ego-biased attributions by means of self-serving observer feedback
Are Wives' Memories for Events in Relationships more Vivid than their Husbands' Memories
Gender differences in socialization and marital roles may lead wives to attend more closely to relationship interactions than their spouses do; wives may also assign greater importance to such interactions and deliberate more about them. As a result, wives would possess more vivid memories than their husbands have for events in their relationship. Spouses tape-recorded descriptions of their first date together, a shared vacation and an argument b…
Salience of reward and intrinsic motivation
Effect of arbitrarily assigned status labels on self-perceptions and social perceptions: The mere position effect
The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories
Supportive social relationships and adolescent health risk behavior among secondary school students in El Salvador
Women's theories of menstruation and biases in recall of menstrual symptoms
An Attributional Analysis of Moral Judgments
This paper analyzes the psychology of moral judgment from the framework of attribution theory. The relevance of perceptions of responsibility for moral evaluation is examined along with four specific factors proposed to influence the sophistication of responsibility attributions: specification, motivational biases, linguistic usage, and attributional context. In the final section, the role played by policing mechanisms in the maintenance of moral…
Construing the Past and Future
We here examine the nature of the pasts and futures that people construct and the role that implicit theories and motivation play in such creations. People's views of their pasts and futures are qualitatively different. They give their pasts mixed reviews, whereas they view their futures as unequivocally positive. We examine conditions that lead individuals and social groups to bias history in either an aggrandizing or effacing direction. We then…
American Labor's World Responsibilities
Commitment and experience as determinants of assimilation and contrast
African art
United Nations Voting Patterns
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Some determinants of the intensity of social protest
Self-attribution of attitude
Increasing the salience of initial attitudes: Dissonance versus self-perception theory
External referents and past outcomes as determinants of social discontent
Affect, facial regard, and reactions to crowding
Attitude change and attitude attribution: Effects of incentive, choice, and consequences
Determinants of standards of judgment1
Transferable Tokens: Increasing Social Interaction in Token Economies
Patients in token-economy programs are generally unable to reinforce each other's behavior with tokens and social interaction among patients is usually minimal. In this study, all patients on a token economy ward of a state hospital were given a daily allowance of special transferable tokens in addition to whatever other tokens they earned. Transferable tokens could be spent by any patient except the one to whom they were issued. Both the frequen…
An Attributional Analysis of Moral Judgments
This paper analyzes the psychology of moral judgment from the framework of attribution theory. The relevance of perceptions of responsibility for moral evaluation is examined along with four specific factors proposed to influence the sophistication of responsibility attributions: specification, motivational biases, linguistic usage, and attributional context. In the final section, the role played by policing mechanisms in the maintenance of moral…
Salience of reward and intrinsic motivation
Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction
A review of the evidence for and against the proposition that self-serving biases affect attributions of causality indicated that there is little empirical support for the proposition in its most general form. The literature provides some support for the contention that individuals engage in self-enhancin g attributions under conditions of success, but only minimal evidence was found to suggest that individuals engage in self-protecti ve attribut…
Cognitive Differentiation between Paranoid and Nonparanoid Schizophrenics
This experiment tested the idea that there is cognitive differentiation between paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Paranoids utilize a conceptual style of responding more than nonparanoid schizophrenics. Eight male nonparanoid, 8 paranoid, and 8 nonschizophrenic controls responded to ambiguous slides of common objects in a visual discrimination task. The slides were presented in several different contexts. The results were as expected. Para…
Reward contingency and intrinsic motivation in children: A test of the delay of gratification hypothesis
The development of causal attributions in social perception
Discussion of Similarity of Client and Therapist
Studies assessing the effect of similarity of client and therapist on the process or outcome of therapy have produced inconclusive results. Many have reported at least one finding that similarity has no effect. After examining the literature, it appears that several important variables have not been considered. These may be critical in explaining the operation of similarity in the therapeutic relationship. Suggestions for research are offered
Partisan language, immediacy, and attitude change
In an experiment to study the effects of attitudes and immediacy of verbal expression of requiring subjects to emply evaluatively biased language, 28 male und felmale college students wrote essays on the topic of capital punishment. They were not forced to write either for or against the issue, but were required to incorporate a list of either 15 pro‐bias words, which implied a negative evaluation of abolition, or 15 anti‐bias words which implied…
Facilitation of ego-biased attributions by means of self-serving observer feedback
Egocentric biases in availability and attribution
The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories
Primary Care and Medical Education
There is considerable argument for the value of educating medical students in the basics of primary care, comprehensive care and concern for psychological needs of patients. However, medical schools do not place much emphasis on primary care. Most clinical experiences take place in tertiary care centers, and most teaching is provided by specialists. Relatively little attention is paid to psychological issues of care and development of interperson…
Impact of causal attributions on affective reactions to success and failure
Assessed the impact of outcome (success vs failure) and attribution (internal vs external) on affect in an achievement setting. Following the theorizing of B. Weiner et al (1978, 1979), it was anticipated that the outcome manipulation would determine general positive and negative affective reactions
Psychology (67 works) · Social Psychology (62 works) · Social Psychology (37 works) · Cognitive psychology (24 works) · Developmental psychology (24 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (24 works) · Political science (19 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (14 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Sociology (13 works)